Presentation and Surgical Outcomes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism After Radioactive Iodine Therapy.

Background: Radioactive iodine (RAI) is a common treatment for various thyroid diseases. Previous studies have suggested susceptibility of parathyroid glands to the mutagenic effect of RAI and the development of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We tested the possible link between prior RAI treatment, disease presentation, and treatment outcomes.

Rare Rib-Originating Solitary Plasmacytoma: Retrospective Analysis and Surgical Outcomes.

Introduction: Solitary plasmacytomas are tumors characterized by a local increase of malignant plasma cells in soft tissue or bone and may occur anywhere without evidence of systemic disease. The aim was to focus on the main surgical techniques and outcomes for this rare chest wall tumor.

Methods: Patients with solitary plasmacytoma involving a rib, who were operated for diagnostic or treatment purposes between 2018 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

FL-W3S: Cross-domain federated learning for weakly supervised semantic segmentation of white blood cells.

Background: Segmentation models for clinical data experience severe performance degradation when trained on a single client from one domain and distributed to other clients from different domain. Federated Learning (FL) provides a solution by enabling multi-party collaborative learning without compromising the confidentiality of clients' private data.

Methods: In this paper, we propose a cross-domain FL method for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (FL-W3S) of white blood cells in microscopic images.

Tumour-infiltrating Lymphocytes and Radiation Therapy in Rectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aim: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a promising cancer biomarker. Different TILs, including CD8+, CD4+, CD3+, and FOXP3+, have been associated with clinical outcomes. However, data are lacking regarding the value of TILs for patients receiving radiation therapy (RT).

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vagina: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is an exceptionally rare mesenchymal tumor that predominantly manifests in the female genital organs during the reproductive age. Its rarity alone makes it a fascinating subject for study. The diagnosis of AAM necessitates differentiation from other benign or mesenchymal tumors and can be confirmed through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

Rare dual MYH9-ROS1 fusion variants in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Rationale: ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusion is a rare but important driver mutation in non-small cell lung cancer, which usually shows significant sensitivity to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. With the widespread application of next-generation sequencing (NGS), more fusions and co-mutations of ROS1 have been discovered. Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) is a rare fusion partner of ROS1 gene as reported.

Torsion and ruptured ovarian cystadenocarcinoma with internal bleeding complicated with retroperitoneal hematoma after tumor transection: A case report.

Rationale: Ovarian tumor torsion is a critical gynecological emergency, predominantly affecting women of reproductive age, with benign teratomas being the most common culprits. In contrast, malignant ovarian tumors, such as mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, infrequently present with torsion due to their invasive and angiogenic characteristics. The occurrence of torsion in malignant tumors complicates diagnosis and management, particularly when associated with complications like congestion, infarction, and internal bleeding.

Comparison of the efficacy between Super-Path and Watson-Jones approaches in the management of early femoral head necrosis.

This study compares and investigates the efficacy of 2 different surgical methods for early stage femoral head necrosis and analyze the factors affecting surgical outcomes and long-term femoral head survival. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 48 patients (52 hips) with femoral head necrosis who underwent either the Super-Path or Watson-Jones approach from January 1, 2016, to January 1, 2024. Harris scores at multiple time points before and after surgery were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a COX proportional hazards model was used to analyze risk factors.

Adjuvant radiation improves survival outcomes in adrenocortical carcinoma: A population-based study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefits and outcomes of adjuvant radiation therapy on adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients. All patients with ACC that were reported between 2010 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. A forward-stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent risk factors.

Exploring markers in nursing care of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is epithelial malignant prostate hyperplasia caused by a tumor. We found prostate cancer GSE141551 and GSE200879 profiles from gene expression omnibus database, followed by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, gene function enrichment analysis, and comparative toxicology database analysis. Finally, the gene expression heat map was drawn, and miRNA information regulating core DEGs was retrieved.

A review of cutting-edge biomarkers for diagnosing coronary artery disease.

Chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant global healthcare burden. Current risk assessment methods have notable limitations in early detection and risk stratification. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative biomarkers that facilitate the premature CAD diagnosis, ultimately leading to reduction in associated morbidity and mortality rates.

Differential diagnosis of thrombosis and myxoma in unusual heart positions by dual-energy CT multiple parameter imaging: A case series.

Rationale: Thrombus is the most common occupying lesion in the cardiac chambers, it is often distinguished from cardiac neoplastic occupations. Among them, the most common is cardiac myxoma, whose imaging manifestations are often confused with thrombus. However, the 2 types of lesions have different therapeutic strategies and are both potentially high-risk sources of embolism, so early differentiation between intracardiac thrombus and cardiac tumor is essential.

Construction of a prognostic signature based on T-helper 17 cells differentiation-related genes for predicting survival and tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

T-helper 17 (Th17) cells significantly influence the onset and advancement of malignancies. This study endeavor focused on delineating molecular classifications and developing a prognostic signature grounded in Th17 cell differentiation-related genes (TCDRGs) using machine learning algorithms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A consensus clustering approach was applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas-HNSCC cohort based on TCDRGs, followed by an examination of differential gene expression using the limma package.

Association between pituitary adenoma consistency, resection techniques, and patient outcomes: a single-institution experience.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the association between pituitary adenoma (PA) consistency and other measurable tumor characteristics, extent of resection (EOR), postoperative complications, and outcomes.

Methods: In total, 507 PA resections were intraoperatively assigned a consistency grade from 1 (cystic/hemorrhagic tumors) to 5 (calcified tumors) based on intraoperative tumor characteristics. Tumor consistency was analyzed in tertiles (grades 1 and 2, grade 3, and grades 4 and 5) to determine associations with tumor characteristics, EOR, recurrence, postoperative outcomes, and complications.

AI-Driven Innovations for Early Sepsis Detection by Combining Predictive Accuracy With Blood Count Analysis in an Emergency Setting: Retrospective Study.

Background: Sepsis, a critical global health challenge, accounted for approximately 20% of worldwide deaths in 2017. Although the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score standardizes the diagnosis of organ dysfunction, early sepsis detection remains challenging due to its insidious symptoms. Current diagnostic methods, including clinical assessments and laboratory tests, frequently lack the speed and specificity needed for timely intervention, particularly in vulnerable populations such as older adults, intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and those with compromised immune systems.

Preoperative Anemia as a Prognostic Risk Factor for Inferior Oncological Survival Following Resection for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: A significant proportion of patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are anemic at the time of resection. In these patients, blood transfusions are omitted due to their potential negative impact on oncological outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of preoperative anemia in resected PDAC patients, irrespective of blood transfusion status.

Solitary Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis From Ovarian Cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Solitary axillary lymph node metastasis from ovarian cancer is rare. A 74-year-old woman who had undergone hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovarian cancer 2 years ago presented to our hospital with enlarged axillary lymph node. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed left axillary lymphadenopathy with an SUVmax of 8.

Delta-Radiomics Using Machine Learning Classifiers With Auxiliary Data Sets to Predict Disease Progression During Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiotherapy in Adrenal Metastases.

Purpose: Adaptive radiotherapy accounts for interfractional anatomic changes. We hypothesize that changes in the gross tumor volumes identified during daily scans could be analyzed using delta-radiomics to predict disease progression events. We evaluated whether an auxiliary data set could improve prediction performance.

A Very Atypical Meckel Diverticulum on 99mTcO4- Scintigraphy.

Typical Meckel diverticulum on 99mTcO4- scintigraphy usually appears early in the dynamic imaging in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, without change of location during the study. We report a case of pathology-proven Meckel diverticulum a 7-year-old boy, which appeared only on the later part of the 99mTcO4- study in the midline upper pelvis which gradually changed location during the study.

Prevalence of FGFR2b Protein Overexpression in Advanced Gastric Cancers During Prescreening for the Phase III FORTITUDE-101 Trial.

Purpose: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform IIIb (FGFR2b) protein overexpression is an emerging biomarker in gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC). We assessed FGFR2b protein overexpression prevalence in nearly 3,800 tumor samples as part of the prescreening process for a global phase III study in patients with newly diagnosed advanced or metastatic GC.

Methods: As of June 28, 2024, 3,782 tumor samples from prescreened patients from 37 countries for the phase III FORTITUDE-101 trial (ClinicalTrials.

Genomic Characterization and Prognostic Significance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Low, Hormone Receptor-Positive, Early Breast Cancers From the BIG 1-98 and SOFT Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To investigate whether hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low (HR+HER2-low) versus HR+HER2-zero early breast cancers have distinct genomic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: This study included HR+, HER2-negative early breast cancers from patients enrolled in the phase III, randomized BIG 1-98 and SOFT clinical trials that had undergone tumor genomic sequencing. Tumors were classified HR+HER2-low if they had a centrally reviewed HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ with negative in situ hybridization and HR+HER2-zero if they had an HER2 IHC score of 0.

Validation of a Single Item Measure for Financial Toxicity Screening in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Financial toxicity (FT) has been linked to higher symptom burden and poorer clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. Despite the availability of validated tools to measure FT, a simple screen remains an unmet need. We evaluated item 12 ("My illness has been a financial hardship to my family and me") of the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) measure as a single-item FT screening measure.

Flamingo participates in multiple models of cell competition.

The growth and survival of cells with different fitness, such as those with a proliferative advantage or a deleterious mutation, is controlled through cell competition. During development, cell competition enables healthy cells to eliminate less fit cells that could jeopardize tissue integrity, and facilitates the elimination of pre-malignant cells by healthy cells as a surveillance mechanism to prevent oncogenesis. Malignant cells also benefit from cell competition to promote their expansion.

Increased sagittal abdominal diameter is associated with a higher risk of kidney stones.

Background: This study investigates the relationship between sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and kidney stone disease (KSD) in the U.S. population.

Sulfur dioxide exposure of mice induces peribronchiolar fibrosis-A defining feature of deployment-related constrictive bronchiolitis.

Deployment-related constrictive bronchiolitis (DRCB) has emerged as a health concern in military personnel returning from Southwest Asia. Exposure to smoke from a fire at the Al-Mishraq sulfur enrichment facility and/or burn pits was reported by a subset of Veterans diagnosed with this disorder. DRCB is characterized by thickening and fibrosis of small airways (SA) in the lung, but whether these are related to toxin inhalation remains uncertain.