True cancer stem cells exhibit relative degrees of dormancy and genomic stability.

Background: Cancer stem cells in human tumors have been defined by stem cell markers, embryonal signaling pathways and characteristic biology, ie., namely the ability to repopulate the proliferating population. However, even if these properties can be demonstrated within a tumor cell subpopulation, it does not mean that they are truly hierarchical stem cells because they could have been derived from the proliferating population in a reversible manner.

Comparative outcomes of endovascular vs. surgical treatment in craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistulas: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistulas (CCJ-DAVFs) are rare and complex vascular malformations that are challenging to diagnose and treat. This study aims to compare surgical and endovascular treatments for CCJ-DAVFs through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Role of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Management of Soft and Hard Tissue Periodontal Regeneration in Dentistry: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) has the capacity to release great amounts of several growth factors, as well as to stimulate increased fibroblast migration and the expression of collagen, transforming growth factor β, and platelet-derived growth factor. Consequently, i-PRF can be used as a bioactive agent to promote periodontal tissue regeneration.

Objective: We aim to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of i-PRF in periodontal tissue regeneration.

Conventional MRI-Based Structural Disconnection and Morphometric Similarity Networks and Their Clinical Correlates in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Although multiple sclerosis (MS) can be conceptualized as a network disorder, brain network analyses typically require advanced MRI sequences not commonly acquired in clinical practice. Using conventional MRI, we assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal structural disconnection and morphometric similarity networks in people with MS (pwMS), along with their relationship with clinical disability.

Methods: In this longitudinal monocentric study, 3T structural MRI of pwMS and healthy controls (HC) was retrospectively analyzed.

Precision Oncology: A Global Perspective on Implementation and Policy Development.

Despite the acknowledged merits of precision oncology (PO) and its increasing global implementation, its full potential for advancing care and prevention remains unrealized. The benefits are currently accessible to only limited patient segments because of multifaceted barriers. Successful implementation hinges on various factors-scientific complexities not limited to technical, clinical, regulatory, economic, administrative, and health care policy-related challenges.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Patient Care: Results From a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer care in terms of the stage at presentation, treatment delays, and follow-up in a tertiary care center in Lebanon.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study compared patients with breast cancer who presented to a tertiary care center in Lebanon before (September 2019-December 2019) and during (September 2020-December 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. We extracted data from the electronic medical records of patients with breast cancer who had their initial presentation, were under treatment, or were on follow-up during our period of interest.

The prevalence of aortic stenosis in Māori undergoing clinically indicated echocardiography compared to New Zealand Europeans.

Aim: There are limited data on the prevalence of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) in Māori and known inequities in outcomes after aortic valve intervention. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CAVD in Māori.

Methods: Data from initial clinically indicated echocardiograms performed between 2010 to 2018 in patients aged ≥18 years were linked to nationally collected outcome data.

Assessing therapist skills in teletherapy: the development and validation of the tele-facilitative interpersonal skills task.

Teletherapy via videoconferencing has become common practice but has unique challenges. We aimed to develop and validate the first performance-based observer-rated measure of teletherapy skills: The Teletherapy Facilitative Interpersonal Skills Performance Task (Tele-FIS). We developed a set of 12 Tele-FIS video stimulus clips as simulations of four research-informed common therapeutic challenges in teletherapy: technology, distraction, boundaries and privacy, and emotional disconnection.

Single-Cell Multi-Omics Profiling of Immune Cells Isolated from Atherosclerotic Plaques in Male ApoE Knockout Mice Exposed to Arsenic.

Background: Millions worldwide are exposed to elevated levels of arsenic that significantly increase their risk of developing atherosclerosis, a pathology primarily driven by immune cells. While the impact of arsenic on immune cell populations in atherosclerotic plaques has been broadly characterized, cellular heterogeneity is a substantial barrier to in-depth examinations of the cellular dynamics for varying immune cell populations.

Objectives: This study aimed to conduct single-cell multi-omics profiling of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E knockout () mice to elucidate transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in immune cells induced by arsenic exposure.

Lysosomal dysfunction and inflammatory sterol metabolism in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Vascular inflammation regulates endothelial pathophenotypes, particularly in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Dysregulated lysosomal activity and cholesterol metabolism activate pathogenic inflammation, but their relevance to PAH is unclear. Nuclear receptor coactivator 7 () deficiency in endothelium produced an oxysterol and bile acid signature through lysosomal dysregulation, promoting endothelial pathophenotypes.

Surgical outcomes, survival and prognostic factors in a cohort of lung cancer patients operated at the University of Chile Clinical Hospital.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide and has a high lethality. The best treatment for patients with localized disease is anatomical surgical resection, granting good average survival in the long term. We did not find Chilean studies focusing on complications, long term survival or potential association with pathological or clinical factors.

A novel microsatellite instability test of sebaceous tumours to facilitate low cost universal screening for Lynch syndrome.

Background: One in five sebaceous tumour (ST) patients may have Lynch syndrome (LS), a hereditary cancer predisposition. LS patients benefit from cancer surveillance and prevention programmes and immunotherapy. Whilst universal tumour mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency testing is recommended in colorectal and endometrial cancers to screen for LS, there is no consensus screening strategy for ST, leading to low testing rates and inequity of care.

Passive infusion of an S2-Stem broadly neutralizing antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and lower airway inflammation in rhesus macaques.

The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of subverting vaccine and infection-induced immunity suggests the advantage of a broadly protective vaccine against betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). Recent studies have isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered-vaccinated donors capable of neutralizing many variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other β-CoVs. Many of these mAbs target the conserved S2 stem region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, rather than the receptor binding domain contained within S1 primarily targeted by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

DECODE enables high-throughput mapping of antibody epitopes at single amino acid resolution.

Antibodies are extensively used in biomedical research, clinical fields, and disease treatment. However, to enhance the reproducibility and reliability of antibody-based experiments, it is crucial to have a detailed understanding of the antibody's target specificity and epitope. In this study, we developed a high-throughput and precise epitope analysis method, DECODE (Decoding Epitope Composition by Optimized-mRNA-display, Data analysis, and Expression sequencing).

Construction of an lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network to investigate the inflammatory regulatory mechanisms of ischemic stroke.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are among the most abundant types of non-coding RNAs in the genome and exhibit particularly high expression levels in the brain, where they play crucial roles in various neurophysiological and neuropathological processes. Although ischemic stroke is a complex multifactorial disease, the involvement of brain-derived lncRNAs in its intricate regulatory networks remains inadequately understood. In this study, we established a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

The tumour histopathology "glossary" for AI developers.

The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) are leading to significant advances in cancer research, particularly in analysing histopathology images for prognostic and treatment-predictive insights. However, effective translation of these computational methods requires computational researchers to have at least a basic understanding of histopathology. In this work, we aim to bridge that gap by introducing essential histopathology concepts to support AI developers in their research.

Comparison of actionable alterations in cancers with kinase fusion, mutation, and copy number alteration.

Kinase-related gene fusion and point mutations play pivotal roles as drivers in cancer, necessitating optimized, targeted therapy against these alterations. The efficacy of molecularly targeted therapeutics varies depending on the specific alteration, with great success reported for such therapeutics in the treatment of cancer with kinase fusion proteins. However, the involvement of actionable alterations in solid tumors, especially regarding kinase fusions, remains unclear.

Persistent symptoms and clinical findings in adults with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/post-COVID-19 syndrome in the second year after acute infection: A population-based, nested case-control study.

Background: Self-reported health problems following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are common and often include relatively non-specific complaints such as fatigue, exertional dyspnoea, concentration or memory disturbance and sleep problems. The long-term prognosis of such post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is unknown, and data finding and correlating organ dysfunction and pathology with self-reported symptoms in patients with non-recovery from PCS is scarce. We wanted to describe clinical characteristics and diagnostic findings among patients with PCS persisting for >1 year and assessed risk factors for PCS persistence versus improvement.

Leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses in the vicious circle of neglect.

The global priorities in the field of infectious diseases are constantly changing. While emerging viral infections have regularly dominated public health attention, which has only intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous bacterial diseases have previously caused, and continue to cause, significant morbidity and mortality-deserving equal attention. Three potentially life-threatening endemic bacterial diseases (leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses) are a huge public health concern especially in low- and middle-income countries.

CPSF1 inhibition promotes widespread use of intergenic polyadenylation sites and impairs glycolysis in prostate cancer cells.

Localized prostate cancer can be cured by radiation or surgery, but advanced prostate cancer continues to be a clinical challenge. Altered alternative polyadenylation occurs in numerous cancers and can downregulate tumor-suppressor genes and upregulate oncogenes. We found that the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex factor CPSF1 is upregulated in patients with advanced prostate cancer, with high CPSF1 expression correlating with worse progression-free survival.

Genetic ancestry superpopulations show distinct prevalence and outcomes across pediatric central nervous system tumors from the PBTA and PNOC.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors lead to cancer-related mortality in children. Genetic ancestry-associated cancer prevalence and outcomes have been studied, but is limited.

Methods: We performed genetic ancestry prediction in 1,452 pediatric patients with paired normal and tumor whole genome sequencing from the Open Pediatric Cancer (OpenPedCan) project to evaluate the influence of reported race and ethnicity and ancestry-based genetic superpopulations on tumor histology, molecular subtype, survival, and treatment.

Permanent defects in renal medullary structure and function after reversal of urinary obstruction.

Urinary obstruction causes injury to the renal medulla, impairing the ability to concentrate urine, and increasing the risk of progressive kidney disease. However, the regenerative capacity of the renal medulla after reversal of obstruction is poorly understood. To investigate this, we developed a mouse model of reversible urinary obstruction.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) encompass entities with different cellular differentiation and degrees of malignancy. Spatial heterogeneity complicates diagnosis and grading of PNSTs in some cases. In malignant PNST (MPNST) for example, single cell sequencing data has shown dissimilar differentiation states of tumor cells.