The Behavior of Nasopharynx Malignancies: a Retrospective Study in a Ten-Year Sample.

Objectives: Malignant tumors of the nasopharynx make up 3% of malignancies in the ENT area. The most common nasopharyngeal malignancy is nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), followed by lymphomas. Other nasopharyngeal tumors are very rare.

Non-enhancing margin and pial invasion in MRI can predict IDH status in glioma patients.

Background: The presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and 1p/19q codeletion significantly influences the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). The ability to predict these molecular signatures preoperatively can inform surgical strategies. This study sought to establish an interpretable imaging feature set for predicting molecular signatures and overall survival in LGGs.

Harvey Cushing: France Military Hospital Surgical Unit Head and World War I United States Army Medical Corps Commissioner.

Background: This historical account reviews the course and lasting impact of Dr. Harvey Cushing (1869-1939) in neurosurgery.

Methods: The writing of this project was sparked by the discovery of original scientific and bibliographical information about Cushing.

Ozone Concentration, Physical Activity, and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children and Adolescents.

Background: No prior study has examined the mutual association of long-term outdoor ozone (O) concentration and physical activity (PA) with emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) in children and adolescents. This study aims to investigate the association between long-term outdoor O concentration and the risk of EBPs in children and adolescents and further explore whether increased PA levels modify this association.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2020 wave follow-up examination of an ongoing prospective cohort study (COHERENCE project) in Guangzhou, China.

Restorative Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Corneal Homeostasis Disrupted by Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial regulatory role in various physiological processes, yet its impact on corneal homeostasis remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate the effects of antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis (AIGD) and germ-free (GF) conditions on circadian gene expression, barrier integrity, nerve density, and immune cell activity in the corneas of mice. Through RNA sequencing, we found that both AIGD and GF conditions significantly disrupted the overall transcriptomic profile and circadian transcriptomic oscillations in the cornea.

Computational Pathology Detection of Hypoxia-Induced Morphological Changes in Breast Cancer.

Understanding the tumor hypoxic microenvironment is crucial for grasping tumor biology, clinical progression, and treatment responses. This study presents a novel application of AI in computational histopathology to evaluate hypoxia in breast cancer. Weakly Supervised Deep Learning (WSDL) models can accurately detect morphological changes associated with hypoxia in routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) whole slide images (WSI).

Current state of epigenetics in giant cell arteritis: Focus on microRNA dysregulation.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a primary systemic vasculitis affecting the elderly, characterized by a granulomatous vessel wall inflammation of large- and medium-sized arteries. The immunopathology of GCA is complex, involving both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, where a maladaptive inflammatory-driven vascular repair process ultimately results in vessel wall thickening, intramural vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, neovascularization and vessel lumen occlusion, which can lead to serious ischemic complications such as visual loss and ischemic stroke. Over the past decade, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation has been highlighted as an important contributing factor underlying the pathogenesis of GCA.

Prognostic impact of tumor cell nuclear size assessed by artificial intelligence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumor cell nuclear size (NS) indicates malignant potential in breast cancer; however, its clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. Artificial intelligence (AI) can quantitatively evaluate histopathological findings. The aim was to measure NS in ESCC using AI and elucidate its clinical significance.

Neoadjuvant and adjuvant osimertinib in stage IA-IIIA, EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NORA).

Introduction: Treatment with adjuvant osimertinib for three years is the standard-of-care for resected stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutations. The role of neoadjuvant osimertinib in the perioperative setting is yet to be elucidated in the NeoADAURA study (NCT04351555).

Methods: This is a single center, pilot study of patients with clinical stage IA-IIIA NSCLC (AJCC 8th edition) harboring an activating EGFR mutation (Exon 19 deletion, L858R) (NCT04816838).

A3AR antagonism mitigates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by exploiting monocyte-derived Kupffer cell necroptosis and inflammation resolution.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASLD) progression is driven by chronic inflammation and fibrosis, largely influenced by Kupffer cell (KC) dynamics, particularly replenishment of pro-inflammatory monocyte-derived KCs (MoKCs) due to increased death of embryo-derived KCs. Adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) plays a key role in regulating metabolism and immune responses, making it a promising therapeutic target. This study aimed to investigate the impact of selective A3AR antagonism for regulation of replenished MoKCs, thereby improving MASLD.

IUPHAR Themed Review: The Gut Microbiome in Schizophrenia.

Gut microbial dysbiosis or altered gut microbial consortium, in schizophrenia suggests a pathogenic role through the gut-brain axis, influencing neuroinflammatory and neurotransmitter pathways critical to psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Paradoxically, conventional psychotropic interventions may exacerbate this dysbiosis, with antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, demonstrating profound effects on microbial architecture through disruption of bacterial phyla ratios, diminished taxonomic diversity, and attenuated short-chain fatty acid synthesis. To address these challenges, novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, encompassing probiotic supplementation, prebiotic compounds, faecal microbiota transplantation, and rationalised co-pharmacotherapy, show promise in attenuating antipsychotic-induced metabolic disruptions while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Protein palmitoylation in hepatic diseases: Functional insights and therapeutic strategies.

Background: Liver pathologies represent a spectrum of conditions ranging from fatty liver to the aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as parasitic infections, which collectively pose substantial global health challenges. S-palmitoylation (commonly referred to as palmitoylation), a post-translational modification (PTM) characterized by the covalent linkage of a 16-carbon palmitic acid (PA) chain to specific cysteine residues on target proteins, plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular functions and is intimately associated with the liver's physiological and pathological states.

Aim Of Review: This study aims to elucidate how protein palmitoylation affects liver disease pathophysiology and evaluates its potential as a target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Resorcimoline as a Novel Therapeutic Agent Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Hind Extremities.

Background: Acute ischemia in the hind extremities is a dangerous disease that causes irreversible damage. Revascularization procedures are important to prevent muscle damage, but these treatments may induce additional damage, also known as ischemia-reperfusion injury. The role of free radicals as pivotal mediators of ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a prominent hypothesis.

GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS USE AND INCIDENCE OF GLAUCOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: GLP-1 receptor agonists use and incidence of glaucoma.

Introduction: In diabetics, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RA) may protect against microvascular alterations and oxidative stress, both of which have been implicated in glaucoma. Multiple studies suggest a possible relation between GLP-1 RA use and the development of glaucoma. This study performs a systematic review of the literature regarding the incidence of glaucoma development in type 2 diabetes patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to a control group.

The multiple facets of ovarian high grade serous carcinoma: a review on morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features.

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer and a leading cause of mortality among gynecologic malignancies. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of HGSOC, highlighting its pathogenesis and identifying biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. Special emphasis is placed on the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) and genomic instability in shaping the tumor's behavior and therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Tacrolimus-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after heart and lung transplantation successfully treated with eculizumab.

Introduction: Tacrolimus-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) causing acute kidney injury (AKI) without systemic features is a rare entity, particularly after non-renal solid organ transplantation.

Case Report: We describe the case of a patient with AKI after combined heart and lung transplantation. Renal biopsy revealed acute thrombotic microangiopathy which ultimately prompted initiation of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeted against complement C5, with subsequent recovery in renal function.

The HR antagonist, JNJ-7777120 treatments ameliorate mild traumatic brain injury by reducing oxidative damage, inflammatory and apoptotic responses through blockage of the ERK1/2/NF-κB pathway in a rat model.

Growing evidence reveals that microglia activation and neuroinflammatory responses trigger cell loss in the brain. Histamine is a critical neurotransmitter and promotes inflammatory responses; thus, the histaminergic system is a potential target for treating neurodegenerative processes. JNJ-7777120, a histamine H4 receptor (HR) antagonist, has been shown to alleviate inflammation, brain damage, and behavioral deficits effectively, but there is no report on its role in brain trauma.

Mycovirome of Diaporthe helianthi and D. gulyae, causal agents of Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Diaporthe gulyae and D. helianthi cause Phomopsis stem canker, which is a yield-limiting fungal disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the United States.

Radiocarbon Dating of Gallstones for Timeline of Formation, Dormancy Analysis, and Correlation with Chemical/Microbial Composition: A Pilot Study on Gallstone Geobiology.

Background: India has a high incidence of gallstones, which can cause chronic inflammation and increase the risk of gallbladder cancer. Understanding the age and composition of gallstones can provide insights into their formation and growth. This study used ¹⁴C dating, FTIR, and metagenome analysis to explore the natural history, deposition rate, and microbial/chemical composition of gallstones.

Long-term outcomes of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass vs second generation drug eluting stent for management of isolated left anterior descending artery disease.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes in a propensity matched population receiving either minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) using left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) or percutaneous coronary intervention using second generation everolismus-eluting stents (DES-PCI) in patients treated for isolated proximal LAD stenosis.

Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2017, 421 patients with a nonemergency status undergoing primary isolated proximal LAD revascularization were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into two groups: 111 patients receiving MIDCAB LITA to LAD and 310 patients receiving DES-PCI. Propensity score matching selected 111 pairs and both groups were comparable for all baseline characteristics and well balanced.