Prognostic significance and accuracy of oncologists' estimates of survival time in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Objective: We evaluated the accuracy of oncologists' estimates of expected survival time in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Methods: Oncologists estimated expected survival time at baseline for each patient, who were then followed up for survival time. We hypothesized that oncologists' estimates of expected survival time would be independently significant predictors of survival, unbiased (approximately equal proportions [50%] living longer versus shorter than their expected survival time), or imprecise (<30% within 0.

Role of pre-diagnostic reproductive factors on long-term (10 years or greater) survival of epithelial ovarian cancer: The Extreme study.

Objective: Several reproductive factors are associated with ovarian cancer risk but the association with survival is less clear. The main aim was to examine the impact of pre-diagnostic reproductive factors on long-term ovarian cancer survival (≥10 years).

Methods: We included all women with epithelial ovarian cancer in Denmark, 1990-2014.

The prognostic impact of molecular classification in endometrial cancer that undergoes fertility-sparing treatment.

Objective: No biomarkers are available to predict treatment response in patients with endometrial cancers who undergo fertility-sparing treatment. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of molecular classification.

Methods: Patients with endometrial cancer who underwent fertility-sparing treatment with progestins between 2005 and 2021 were retrospectively identified.

Artificial intelligence-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging-based pre-operative staging in patients with endometrial cancer.

Objective: Evaluation of prognostic factors is crucial in patients with endometrial cancer for optimal treatment planning and prognosis assessment. This study proposes a deep learning pipeline for tumor and uterus segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images to predict deep myometrial invasion and cervical stroma invasion and thus assist clinicians in pre-operative workups.

Methods: Two experts consensually reviewed the MRIs and assessed myometrial invasion and cervical stromal invasion as per the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging classification, to compare the diagnostic performance of the model with the radiologic consensus.

Performance of molecular classification in predicting oncologic outcomes of fertility-sparing treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer.

Objective: Endometrial cancers can be classified into 4 molecular sub-groups: (1) POLE mutated (POLEmut), (2) mismatch repair deficiency/microsatellite-instable (MMRd/MSI-H), (3) TP53-mutant or p53 abnormal (p53abn), and (4) no specific mutational profile (NSMP). Although molecular classification is increasingly applied in oncology, its role in guiding fertility-sparing treatments for endometrial cancer remains unclear. This study examines the prognostic role of molecular classification in fertility-sparing treatment and its potential to guide treatment decisions.

Trends in the incidence and mutational landscape of advanced uterine cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine disparities in 20-year incidence trends and mutations in advanced-stage uterine cancer in the United States, given poor survival rates.

Methods: Data were obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics for patients from 2001 to 2019 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 stage IVA and IVB uterine cancer. SEER∗Stat 8.

Computed tomography-based prediction of interval cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer.

Objective: Our retrospective study aimed to investigate the role of computed tomography (CT) using both the tomographic Fagotti index and the Sugarbaker peritoneal cancer index (PCI) in predicting the feasibility of optimal interval debulking surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods: Patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated in our institution who were eligible for interval debulking surgery were identified and included in the study. A retrospective image collection was operated, and CT scan evaluations were conducted by 2 independent radiologists to establish both scores (Fagotti index and Sugarbaker PCI).

Feasibility and safety of hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer and chronic kidney disease.

Objective: This study aimed to compare perioperative outcomes and progression-free and overall survival in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) versus those without after hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for ovarian cancer.

Methods: This is a retrospective, single-institution cohort study of patients with ovarian cancer treated with HIPEC at the Cleveland Clinic from January 2009 to December 2022. All patients received HIPEC with cisplatin and renal protection with mannitol and furosemide.

Vulvar inspection at the time of cervical cancer screening: European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) consensus statements.

Background: Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma incidence is increasing, especially among women under 60, largely attributed to human papillomavirus infections. Precursor pre-invasive vulvar lesions are frequently underdiagnosed. Routine vulvar inspection during cervical cancer screening could offer an opportunity for the detection of these lesions.

Basket study of oral progesterone antagonist onapristone extended-release in combination with anastrozole in progesterone receptor-positive recurrent adult-type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Objective: We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of the oral progesterone antagonist onapristone in combination with anastrozole in patients with recurrent progesterone receptor-positive adult-type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Methods: This was a single-institution phase II study of patients with progesterone receptor-positive adult-type granulosa cell tumor who received at least 1 prior line of chemotherapy. Patients were enrolled from November 2021 to August 2022 and tissue was evaluated for progesterone receptor status via immunohistochemistry.

Clinicopathologic stratification demonstrates survival differences between endometrial carcinomas with mismatch repair deficiency and no specific molecular profile: a cohort study.

Objective: Endometrial carcinomas with mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) and no specific molecular profile (NSMP) are considered to have intermediate prognoses. However, potential prognostic differences between these molecular subgroups remain unclear due to the lack of standardized control for clinicopathologic factors. This study aims to evaluate outcomes of MMRd and NSMP endometrial carcinomas across guideline-based clinicopathologic risk groups.

Liquid biopsy for diagnosing epithelial ovarian cancer: quantification of cell-free DNA and p53 mutational analysis.

Objective: To isolate and quantify cell-free DNA, analysis for p53 mutations, and correlation with tumor burden in women with epithelial ovarian cancer compared with benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors.

Methods: In this case-control study, plasma samples of eligible women collected 1 hour before surgery and based on final histopathology, women with epithelial ovarian cancer recruited as cases and borderline, and benign ovarian tumors as controls. Cell-free DNA extracted from plasma serum and quantified using Nanodrop Spectrophotometer.

Cervical cancer stage distribution and survival outcomes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with a disproportionate burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the cervical cancer stage and outcomes is crucial for developing effective interventions and reducing its burden. We aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of cervical cancer stage distribution and survival outcomes in Africa.

Minimally invasive compared to open surgery in patients with low-risk cervical cancer following simple hysterectomy: An exploratory analysis from the Gynegologic Cancer Intergroup/Canadian Cancer Trials Group CX.5/SHAPE trial.

Objective: The Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer trial demonstrated that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy was associated with worse disease-free survival and overall survival among women with early-stage cervical cancer. It is unknown whether this applies to patients with low-risk disease following simple hysterectomy.

Methods: Among patients who underwent simple hysterectomy in the Simple Hysterectomy And PElvic node assessment trial, univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to assess the association of minimally invasive versus open surgery with clinical outcomes, including pelvic and extra-pelvic recurrence-free survival, overall recurrence-free survival, and overall survival.

A novel mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis: twice-repeated oropharyngeal bleomycin administration mimicking human pathology.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease with high mortality and limited treatment options. While single-dose bleomycin-induced models are commonly used to investigate the pathogenesis of IPF, they fail to adequately replicate the complex pathological features in human patients, thereby hindering comprehensive investigations. Previous studies utilizing repetitive bleomycin injections have demonstrated a closer resemblance to human IPF pathology; however, the time- and resource-intensive nature of this approach presents significant drawbacks.

Caspase 3-specific cleavage of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 48 enhances drug-induced apoptosis in AML.

Dysfunction or dysregulation of deubiquitination is closely related to the initiation and development of multiple cancers. Targeted regulation of deubiquitination has been recognized as an important strategy in tumor therapy. However, the mechanism by which drugs regulate deubiquitinase is not clear.

Microbial surveillance versus cytokine responsiveness in native and non-native house sparrows.

The success of introduced species often relies on flexible traits, including immune system traits. While theories predict non-natives will have weak defences due to decreased parasite pressure, effective parasite surveillance remains crucial, as infection risk is rarely zero and the evolutionary novelty of infection is elevated in non-native areas. This study examines the relationship between parasite surveillance and cytokine responsiveness in native and non-native house sparrows, hypothesizing that non-natives maintain high pathogen surveillance while avoiding costly inflammation.

Renal Histopathological Changes in Children With Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

Renal histologic changes in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), although well documented, are sparsely studied in children. This study aims to establish a histological grading depending on the glomerular and tubulo-interstitial changes in hydronephrotic kidneys and determine correlation with age at surgery and impact on function post-pyeloplasty. A renal cortical wedge biopsy was obtained after pyeloplasty and histological changes were graded from 1 to 4.

Tissue Plasminogen Activator for COVID-19-induced Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in patients with COVID-19-induced severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: The intervention group consisted of eligible patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital. We selected the control group from admitted patients treated in the same ICU within the same period.

Precision Medicine in Colorectal Cancer: Targeted Therapies and Biomarker Insights.

The current review delves into the transformative role of precision medicine in addressing Colorectal Cancer [CRC], a pressing global health challenge. It examines closely signalling pathways, genetic and epigenetic modifications, and microsatellite in-stability. The primary focus is on elucidating biomarkers revolutionizing CRC diagnosis and treatment.

Association Between Metabolomics Findings and Brain Hypometabolism in Mild Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with rising prevalence due to the aging global population. Existing methods for diagnosing AD are struggling to detect the condition in its earliest and most treatable stages. One early indicator of AD is a substantial decrease in the brain's glucose metabolism.

Testicular Torsion in a 14-Year-Old with Sertoli Cell Granular Cell Change and Sertoli Nodules.

Sertoli eosinophilic granular change and Sertoli cell nodules are incidental findings. This details focal Sertoli eosinophilic granular and Sertoli cell only changes coincident with Sertoli cell nodules in a pubertal testis with acute torsion and bell clapper deformity. A 14-year-old with bell clapper deformity underwent orchiectomy for torsion.

Estrogen Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Endometrial Cancer Through the GPER-Mediated NOTCH Pathway.

This study aims to investigate the expression of GPER in EC, assess the impact of estrogen on the proliferation and migration of EC via GPER, and examine the potential role of GPER in mediating the NOTCH pathway to influence EC proliferation and migration. The expression of GPER and its correlation with clinicopathological features were investigated using clinical data. Cell proliferation was assessed through MTT and EdU assays, while cell migration ability was evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays.

The Pro-Migratory and Pro-Invasive Roles of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Secreted IL-17A in Prostate Cancer.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key stroma cells that play dominant roles in the migration and invasion of several types of cancer through the secretion of inflammatory cytokine IL-17A. This study aims to identify the potential role and regulatory mechanism of CAFs-secreted IL-17A in the migration and invasion of prostate cancer (PC). CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were obtained from fresh PC and its adjacent normal tissues, respectively.