Targeting glycolytic reprogramming by tsRNA-0032 for treating pathological lymphangiogenesis.

Lymphangiogenesis is vital for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune function, and lipid absorption. Abnormal lymphangiogenesis has been implicated in several diseases such as cancers, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we elucidate the role of tsRNA-0032 in lymphangiogenesis and its molecular mechanism.

Integrating representation learning, permutation, and optimization to detect lineage-related gene expression patterns.

Recent barcoding technologies allow reconstructing lineage trees while capturing paired single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Such datasets provide opportunities to compare gene expression memory maintenance through lineage branching and pinpoint critical genes in these processes. Here we develop Permutation, Optimization, and Representation learning based single Cell gene Expression and Lineage ANalysis (PORCELAN) to identify lineage-informative genes or subtrees where lineage and expression are tightly coupled.

Platinum drugs upregulate CXCR4 and PD-L1 expression via ROS-dependent pathways, with implications for novel combined treatment in gastric cancer.

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two critical molecules involved in the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the impact of platinum drugs, such as cisplatin, on CXCR4 or PD-L1 expression and the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unknown. Moreover, the correlation between their expression levels in GC remains elusive.

Evidence-Based Surgical Guidelines for Treating Children With Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children. However, there is considerable variation in surgical management practices worldwide, highlighting the need for standardized Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG).

Methods: The CPG development involved assembling a multidisciplinary group, prioritizing 10 key topic areas, conducting evidence searches, and synthesizing findings.

Fitness, Body Composition, and Health Behaviors in Long-Term Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancers.

To investigate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, health behaviors, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYA-CS) compared with age-matched counterparts without a cancer diagnosis. This cross-sectional study recruited participants aged 15-25 years at the time of their cancer diagnosis and ≥ 5 years post-treatment. Participants completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, food diaries, physical activity (PA), fatigue, and HRQoL questionnaires.

Cerebral injury and long-term neurodevelopment impairment in children following severe fetomaternal transfusion: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Fetomaternal transfusion (FMT) is associated with increased perinatal mortality and morbidity, but data on postnatal outcomes are scarce. Our aim was to determine the incidence of adverse short-termand long-term sequelae of severe FMT.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

A role for mitochondria-ER crosstalk in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8 pathogenesis.

Protein aggregates in motoneurons, a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have been suggested to play a key pathogenetic role. ALS8, characterized by ER-associated inclusions, is caused by a heterozygous mutation in VAPB, which acts at multiple membrane contact sites between the ER and almost all other organelles. The link between protein aggregation and cellular dysfunction is unclear.

Transient lymphocyte count decrease correlates with oncolytic adenovirus efficacy in humans: mechanistic and biomarker findings from TUNIMO phase I trial.

Background: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising immunotherapeutics to treat immunologically cold tumors. However, research on the mechanism of action of OVs in humans and clinically relevant biomarkers is still sparse. To induce strong T-cell responses against solid tumors, TILT-123 (Ad5/3-E2F-d24-hTNFa-IRES-hIL2, igrelimogene litadenorepvec) was developed.

Comparative impact of tertiary lymphoid structures and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is a challenging malignancy with limited responses to conventional therapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been implicated in the immune response to cancer. However, the role and difference of TLSs and TILs in patients with cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear.

Clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (Pindborg tumour) of the mandible.

A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin accounting for approximately 1% of all odontogenic tumours. The intraosseous form occurs more commonly in the posterior mandible whereas the extraosseous form is common in the anterior maxilla. CEOT is often asymptomatic and presents with a painless swelling of the mandible.

Unexpected finding of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: mind the cocoon.

Here, we present a fatal case of a man in his 40s with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). In retrospect, a spot diagnosis on the abdominal CT scan. The patient presented with progressive abdominal complaints of pain and vomiting over the last 2 months.

Conduction system metastasis in a patient with carcinoma oesophagus.

A young man in his 30s presented to us with multiple episodes of syncope and exertional dyspnoea for the last 2 weeks. He was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower one-third of the oesophagus in 2021 for which he was treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by McKeown oesophagectomy. At 2-year follow-up, he had developed a soft tissue swelling in the scalp, which was diagnosed as a tumour recurrence and radiotherapy was initiated.

Adnexal torsion in middle childhood: a rare cause of abdominal pain.

Adnexal torsion is a rare cause of abdominal pain in middle childhood and, in general, the diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of specificity of symptoms and imaging tests. We describe the case of a girl in middle childhood who came to the emergency department for pain in the right iliac fossa of approximately 15 hours of evolution associated with partial refusal of food intake and vomiting. The initial examination showed normal vital signs, a soft abdomen, pain on palpation in the lower region, but no signs of peritoneal irritation, a mild leucocytosis with no other signs of infection and the initial abdominal ultrasound showed no objective pathology.

Genital orf.

A man in his early 40s presented with extensive skin lesions in the groin and genital regions. The lesions were erythematous and maculopapular but evolved into vesicles and pustules with surrounding cellulitis. He stated that he grips livestock between his legs for sheep shearing.

Persistent labial adhesions in a reproductive-age patient masquerading as urethrovaginal fistula.

Labial adhesion in a reproductive-age woman is a rare entity. A woman in her 30s presented with complaints of passage of urine and menstrual blood from the same opening since menarche. The patient underwent some corrective surgery for the same, but the symptoms did not resolve.

Unilateral diffuse cytotoxic oedema and crossed cerebellar diaschisis related to status epilepticus.

Postseizure brain changes on imaging are well-known facts. Many times, oedematous brain changes can mimic ischaemic stroke. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis refers to a depression in metabolism, affecting the cerebellar hemisphere due to contralateral supratentorial abnormalities.

Clinical significance of post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT response in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A real-world study.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) and develop an accurate prognostic model based on the 2-[F]FDG PET/CT results.

Methods: 900 LANPC patients who underwent pretreatment and post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT from May 2014 to August 2022 were included in the study. We divided the patients into two distinct cohorts for the purpose of our study: a training cohort comprising 506 individuals, included from May 2008 to April 2020, and a validation cohort consisting of 394 individuals, included from May 2020 to August 2022.

Rethinking retinoic acid self-regulation: A signaling robustness network approach.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) signaling is a major pathway regulating numerous differentiation, proliferation, and patterning processes throughout life. ATRA biosynthesis depends on the nutritional availability of vitamin A and other retinoids and carotenoids, while it is sensitive to dietary and environmental toxicants. This nutritional and environmental influence requires a robustness response that constantly fine-tunes the ATRA metabolism to maintain a context-specific, physiological range of signaling levels.

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer in individuals with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and no high-risk stigmata during up to 5 years of surveillance: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Cyst size, its growth rate, and diameter of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) are all associated with pancreatic carcinoma prevalence in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

Objective: To examine the above factors in relation to future risk of incident pancreatic carcinoma in individuals with IPMNs harbouring no high-risk stigmata.

Design: In a prospective longitudinal cohort, we analysed 2549 patients with IPMNs.

Psoriasis severity in moderate to severe psoriatic Greek patients routinely treated with systemic treatment: a cross-sectional and retrospective chart review study (CRYSTAL-Greece).

Objective: To characterize the systemic treatment patterns and current state of moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients in real-world settings in Greece.

Methods: CRYSTAL-Greece was a multicenter, cross-sectional and retrospective chart review study assessing Psoriasis Area and Index (PASI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and EuroQol-5-Dimensions 5-Levels (EQ-5D-5L). Eligible patients were consented adults (18-75 years old) on continuous treatment with any approved systemic therapy regimen for ≥24 weeks.

Clinical outcomes in peripheral ulcerative keratitis.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical and treatment outcomes in patients with peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK).

Design: Retrospective, case series SUBJECTS: Patients diagnosed with PUK at the Wilmer Eye Institute between January 2003 and October 2022.

Methods: Data collected included demographics, presence of systemic disease, disease laterality, duration of disease, PUK activity, presence of corneal perforation, and treatments.

Prospective Validation of CAR-HEMATOTOX and a simplified version predict Survival in Patients with Large B-Cell Lymphoma treated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cells: data from CART-SIE study.

Background: Anti-CD19 CAR T-cells have revolutionized outcomes in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas. Long-term follow-up underscored the role of hematological toxicity in non-relapse mortality, largely driven by infections, leading to the development of the CAR-HEMATOTOX (HT) score for predicting neutropenia. The European scientific community (EHA/EBMT) later reached a consensus, defining a new entity: immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT).

Comparison of Acute and Late toxicities with Daily vs. Every-Other-Day Five Fraction Partial Breast Radiation Therapy.

Purpose/objective: Partial breast irradiation (PBI) delivered with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) over five fractions every other day (QOD) represents an attractive, convenient method of delivering adjuvant radiation therapy for well selected patients without compromising oncologic or toxicity outcomes. Condensing this regimen to a week of treatment through consecutive daily delivery may further increase patient convenience, though comparison of toxicities between daily and QOD regimens are limited.

Materials/methods: We retrospectively reviewed 507 patients from an institutional registry undergoing PBI for DCIS or early-stage breast cancer (T1-2N0/x) from 2015 to 2022.

Cardiac ATP production and contractility are favorably regulated by short-term S100A9 blockade after myocardial infarction.

Introduction: The infarcted heart is energetically compromised exhibiting a deficient production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the ensuing impaired contractile function. Short-term blockade of the protein S100A9 improves cardiac performance in mice after myocardial infarction (MI). The implications upon ATP production during this process are not known.