Highly multiplexed imaging reveals prognostic immune and stromal spatial biomarkers in breast cancer.

Spatial profiling of tissues promises to elucidate tumor-microenvironment interactions and generate prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We analyzed single-cell, spatial data from three multiplex imaging technologies: cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF) data we generated from 102 breast cancer patients with clinical follow-up, and publicly available imaging mass cytometry and multiplex ion-beam imaging datasets. Similar single-cell phenotyping results across imaging platforms enabled combined analysis of epithelial phenotypes to delineate prognostic subtypes among estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) patients.

PDGFRα inhibition reduces myofibroblast expansion in the fibrotic rim and enhances recovery after ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Early treatment with thrombolytics and/or thrombectomy can significantly improve outcomes; however, following these acute interventions, treatment is limited to rehabilitation therapies. Thus, the identification of therapeutic strategies that can help restore brain function in the post-acute phase remains a major challenge.

An Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1-governed monocytic lineage shapes an immunosuppressive landscape in breast cancer metastases.

The biology centered around the TGF-beta type I receptor Activin Receptor-Like Kinase (ALK)1 (encoded by ACVRL1) has been almost exclusively based on its reported endothelial expression pattern since its first functional characterization more than two decades ago. Here, in efforts to better define the therapeutic context in which to use ALK1 inhibitors, we uncover a population of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that, by virtue of their unanticipated Acvrl1 expression, are effector targets for adjuvant anti-angiogenic immunotherapy in mouse models of metastatic breast cancer. The combinatorial benefit depended on ALK1-mediated modulation of the differentiation potential of bone marrow-derived granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, the release of CD14+ monocytes into circulation, and their eventual extravasation.

A Proposed mHealth Intervention to Address Patient Barriers to Colposcopy Attendance: Qualitative Interview Study of Clinic Staff and Patient Perspectives.

Background: Cervical cancer disparities persist among minoritized women due to infrequent screening and poor follow-up. Structural and psychosocial barriers to following up with colposcopy are problematic for minoritized women. Evidence-based interventions using patient navigation and tailored telephone counseling, including the Tailored Communication for Cervical Cancer Risk (TC3), have modestly improved colposcopy attendance.

Clinical utility of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte evaluation by two different methods in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical utility of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) evaluated by "average" and "hot-spot" methods in breast cancer patients.

Methods: We examined 367 breast cancer patients without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by average and hot-spot methods to determine the consistency of TIL scores between biopsy and surgical specimens. TIL scores before NAC were also compared with the pathological complete response (pCR) rate and clinical outcomes in 144 breast cancer patients that received NAC.

Tetraspanins CD63 and CD81 as potential prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.

Exosome markers, CD63 and CD81, belong to the tetraspanin family and are expressed in solid tumors. It has been reported that these tetraspanin family members are prognostic factors in some cancers. However, the expression of CD63 and CD81 in pathological breast cancer specimens has not been reported.

The effects of bone marrow humoral components of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients on natural killer cell suppression.

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in children. While the majority of patients survive with conventional treatment, chemotherapeutic agents have adverse effects and the potential for relapse persists even after full recovery. Given their pivotal function in anti-cancer immunity, there has been a surge in research exploring the potential of natural killer (NK) cells in immunotherapy, which has emerged as a promising avenue for treating leukemia.

Non small cell lung cancer with SMARCA4 deficiency harboring rare EGFR mutations exhibited significant tumor response when treated with afatinib: a case report.

SMARCA4-deficient non small cell lung cancer (SMARCA4-dNSCLC) has recently garnered increasing attention due to its high malignancy and poor prognosis. The literature suggests that in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the loss of SMARCA4 frequently co-occurs with mutations in KRAS, KEAP1, and STK11 rather than in EGFR, ALK, and ROS1. Herein, we present the first documented case of SMARCA4-dNSCLC accompanied with rare mutations of EGFR exon 20 S768I and exon 18 G719X.

PYGO2 promotes resistance to chemotherapy via reducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in esophageal carcinoma cells.

5-FU is a widely used chemotherapy drug for esophageal carcinomas, but therapy failure has been observed in 5-FU-resistant patients. Overcoming this resistance is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, requiring identifying and targeting important resistance mechanisms. PYGO2 expression is crucial in developing resistance to various chemotherapy drugs.

Standard: Human gastric organoids.

Organoid technology provides a transformative approach to understand human physiology and pathology, offering valuable insights for scientific research and therapeutic development. Human gastric organoids, in particular, have gained significant interest for applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and studies of tissue regeneration and homeostasis. However, the lack of standardized quality control has limited their extensive clinical applications.

The multifaceted roles of aldolase A in cancer: glycolysis, cytoskeleton, translation and beyond.

Cancer, a complicated disease characterized by aberrant cellular metabolism, has emerged as a formidable global health challenge. Since the discovery of abnormal aldolase A (ALDOA) expression in liver cancer for the first time, its overexpression has been identified in numerous cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BC), cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic cancer adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Moreover, ALDOA overexpression promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance, and is closely related to poor prognosis of patients with cancer.

Targeting CHEK1: Ginsenosides-Rh2 and Cu2O@G-Rh2 nanoparticles in thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer (THCA) is an increasingly common malignant tumor of the endocrine system, with its incidence rising steadily in recent years. For patients who experience recurrence or metastasis, treatment options are relatively limited, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, exploring new therapeutic strategies has become particularly urgent.

Health-related quality of life following cranioplasty: a cross-sectional cohort study - Cranio-PRO.

Cranioplasty is an operation that aims to repair a defect in the skull. Indications commonly include Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), tumours, and infections. It carries a high rate of postoperative morbidity.

Formulation of Quality Improvement Methodology for Risk Mitigation in Congenital Cardiac Catheterization.

The C3PO collaborative, with a history of successful quality improvement (QI) initiatives, leveraged registry participants to develop a multi-center QI initiative to reduce adverse events (AEs) in congenital cardiac catheterization. A 32-person, interdisciplinary working group analyzed audited data for all congenital cardiac catheterization cases from 2014-2017. The primary outcome was the occurrence of any high-severity (level 3/4/5) AE.

Development and validation of a preoperative nomogram for predicting gallbladder adenoma.

Background: Gallbladder cholesterol polyp (GCP) and gallbladder adenoma (GA) are easily confused in clinical diagnosis. This study aims to establish a nomogram prediction model for preoperative prediction of the risk of GA patients.

Study Design: We retrospectively collected clinical data of GCP or GA patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) between January 2020 and April 2023.

Clinical outcome of BCG treatment for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the prostatic urethra: Implications for early cystectomy.

Purposes: This study aimed to clarify the clinical outcomes of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the prostatic urethra.

Methods: Between August 2003 and January 2023, 428 patients with non-muscle-invasive UC received BCG treatment (Tokyo strain, 80 mg, ≥ 5 times) in our hospital; 39 had UC of the prostatic urethra. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of intravesical recurrence, progression (muscle-invasive bladder cancer [MIBC] or metastasis), and subsequent radical cystectomy after BCG treatment in patients with UC of the prostatic urethra.

A method for mimicking tumour tissue in brain ex-vivo ultrasound for research application and clinical training.

Background: Intraoperative ultrasound is becoming a common tool in neurosurgery. However, effective simulation methods are limited. Current, commercial, and homemade phantoms lack replication of anatomical correctness and texture complexity of brain and tumour tissue in ultrasound images.

[New systemic treatment approach for primary lymphoma of the orbit and the ocular adnexa].

Background: Orbital lymphomas are the most frequently occurring malignant tumor entities in this region. They are less frequently also localized in the ocular adnexa and show a high entity-specific heterogeneity regarding the treatment and prognosis.

Objective: This article gives an overview of the heterogeneity of symptoms of orbital lymphoma and lymphoma of the ocular adnexa and focuses on new systemic options for treatment of this disease.

Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Vietnamese Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aims to determine the prevalence of OSA in children with ADHD, compare the differences in clinical characteristics between children with ADHD-OSA and those without OSA (ADHD-nonOSA), and to identify the correlation between OSA and ADHD in children.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 524 children with ADHD, aged 6-12 years, at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital from October 2022 to September 2023.

A novel COL3A1 gene variant associated with sudden death due to spontaneous pneumothorax.

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a condition defined by abnormal gas accumulation in the chest cavity. Mutations of the collagen type III alpha 1 chain, COL3A1 gene, are primarily linked to vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS); however, they can also contribute to structural changes in the tissue, like bullae of the lungs. In this case report, we present a young, thinly built boy who died due to a spontaneous pneumothorax.

Unlocking olive rhizobacteria: harnessing biocontrol power to combat olive root rot and promote plant growth.

Olive trees are susceptible to various diseases, notably root rot caused by Pythium spp., which presents significant challenges to cultivation. Conventional chemical control methods have limitations, necessitating exploration of eco-friendly alternatives like biological control strategies.

Genotype by year interaction and additive and epistasis gene effects for Fusarium stalk rot resistance in doubled haploid lines of maize (Zea mays L.).

Fusarium stalk rot is the main factor reducing the quality of maize grain and leads to significant yield losses, which that ranges from 20 to 100%, depending on the degree of infection and weather conditions. Understanding its genetic mechanism is key to improving grain quality and ultimate yield. An experiment with 26 doubled haploid (DH) lines of maize was conducted in the northern part of the Lower Silesia Province in Poland over a ten-year period (2013-2022).

Protective role of ABCC drug subfamily resistance transporters (ABCC1-7) in intestinal inflammation.

The ABCC subfamily contains thirteen members. Nine of these transporters are called multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs). The MRPs have been associated with developing ulcerative colitis (UC).

Timing of Surgery and Postoperative Outcomes in Esophagectomy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Study in North India.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy is the usual approach to manage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The optimal interval to operate after completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) still remains controversial.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted to observe and compare postoperative complications and pathological outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who underwent NACRT followed by surgery within 8 weeks or after 8 weeks of NACRT completion.

The Current Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in the Management of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Early identification is rare, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of less than 10%. Advances in the understanding of PDAC tumor biology are needed to improve these outcomes.