Metabolic profiling reveals altered amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in children with Williams Syndrome.

Williams Syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 7500 to 1 in 20,000 individuals, caused by a microdeletion in chromosome 7q11.23. Despite its distinctive clinical features, the underlying metabolic alterations remain largely unexplored.

Hydrothermal biochar enhances the photosynthetic efficiency and yield of alfalfa by optimizing soil chemical properties and stimulating the activity of microbial communities.

Hydrothermal biochar has demonstrated potential in enhancing crop growth by improving soil properties and microbial activity; however, its effectiveness varies with application rate, with excessive amounts potentially inhibiting plant growth. This study employed a pot experiment approach to compare varying application rates of hydrothermal biochar (ranging from 0 to 50 t/ha) and to analyze its effects on alfalfa biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, soil nutrient content, and microbial community composition. Biochar application increased alfalfa dry weight by 12.

Evaluation of resistance and molecular detection of resistance genes to wheat stripe rust of 82 wheat cultivars in Xinjiang, China.

Wheat stripe rust is a fungal disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

Optimizing surgical outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: a retrospective comparative study of unilateral and total thyroidectomy.

The management of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) concurrent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) lacks standardized guidelines, especially concerning surgical strategies. This study aimed to compare unilateral thyroidectomy (UT) with total thyroidectomy (TT) in PTC-HT patients to optimize clinical management and improve postoperative outcomes. This retrospective study included PTC-HT patients undergoing thyroid surgery at a tertiary academic medical institution from January 2018 to August 2023.

Dynamic switching of transmission modes hydroacoustic communication MAC protocols.

In recent years, the hydroacoustic communication MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol has attracted wide attention. Hydroacoustic communication networks suffer from issues such as long propagation delays and rapid dynamic changes in network load, which prevent the maximization of network performance through the use of a single transmission mode. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Switching Transmission MAC protocol called the DSTM-MAC protocol.

Community characteristics of macrobenthos and ecosystem health assessment in ten reservoirs of Henan Province, China.

Assessing the eco-health of regional reservoirs is essential for sustainable water resource utilization and water security, particularly in water-scarce areas. This study constructed a Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) based on the community characteristics of macrobenthos in ten large and medium-sized reservoirs across four major river basins in Henan Province, China. A total of 90 taxa were identified, representing 3 phyla, 6 classes, 17 orders, 45 families and 81 genera.

Using ERPs to unveil the authenticity evaluation and neural response to online rumors.

The rapid propagation of information in the digital epoch has brought a surge of rumors, creating a significant societal challenge. While prior research has primarily focused on the psychological aspects of rumors-such as the beliefs, behaviors, and persistence they evoke-there has been limited exploration of how rumors are processed in the brain. In this study, we experimented to examine both behavioral responses and EEG data during rumor detection.

LPL-RH suppresses bone loss in ovariectomised rat models.

Background: Evidence has revealed that oestrogen deprivation-induced osteolysis is microbiota-dependent and can be treated by probiotics. However, the underlying mechanism require further investigation. This study aims to provide additional evidence supporting the use of probiotics as an adjuvant treatment and to explore the pathophysiology of oestrogen-deprived osteolysis.

An improvised one-step OptiPrep cushion ultracentrifugation method for outer membrane vesicles isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intraspecies and interspecies communication, significantly influencing physiological and pathological processes. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by Gram-negative bacteria are rich in components from the parent cells and are important for bacterial communication, immune evasion, and pathogenic mechanisms. However, the extraction and purification of OMVs face numerous challenges due to their small size and heterogeneity.

CCL3 as a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objectives: Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common intestinal disease that threatens the lives of newborns and is characterized by ischemic necrosis of the small intestine and colon. As early diagnosis of NEC improves prognosis, the identification of new or complementary biomarkers is of great importance. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic value of CCL3 in NEC and compare its effectiveness with other commonly used biomarkers, such as procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Identification of the arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase and its function in the immunity of Apostichopus japonicus.

A number of studies have been demonstrated that arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX-5) plays a role in regulating a range of physiological and pathological processes through the catalysis of leukotriene formation from arachidonic acid (ARA). The coding sequence of ALOX-5 from Apostichopus japonicus (Aj-ALOX-5) was successfully amplified, resulting in a 2028 bp ORF sequence that encodes 674 amino acids. A comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of other 5-lipoxygenases revealed that Aj-ALOX-5 has the N-terminal "PLAT domain" and C-terminal "lipoxygenase structural domain" characteristic of this enzyme family.

Angiogenesis-promoting effect of SKP-SC-EVs-derived miRNA-30a-5p in peripheral nerve regeneration by targeting LIF and ANGPT2.

Ischemia and hypoxia caused by vascular injury intensify nerve damage. Skin precursor-derived Schwann cells have demonstrated an accelerated in vivo pre-vascularization of tissue-engineered nerves. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles from skin precursor-derived Schwann cells (SKP-SC-EVs) show the potential in aiding peripheral nerve regeneration.

Self-Adaptive Nanocarriers Overcome Multiple Physiological Barriers to Boosting Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer.

Chemotherapy is the primary treatment option for pancreatic cancer, although nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems often struggle with multiple physiological barriers, limiting their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we developed a pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-sensitive self-adaptive nanocarrier (DAT) encapsulating camptothecin (CPT), an analog of the pancreatic chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan (CPT-11), to enhance chemotherapy outcomes in orthotopic pancreatic cancer by addressing multiple physiological barriers. The nanocarrier features a peripherally positively charged arginine (Arg) residue on DAT and is masked with an acid-labile 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) to improve circulation time.

Construction of chitosan hydrochloride-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles using anti-solvent method for the co-delivery of puerarin and resveratrol.

The applications of resveratrol (RES) and puerarin (PUE) with notable physiological functions are greatly limited in functional food and pharmaceutical industries due to their poor water solubility and chemical instability. Accordingly, co-loading of RES and PUE into chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) is performed here by an anti-solvent method to improve their bioavailability. The fabricated NPs at 8:1 mass ratio of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) to chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) with the particle size of 375.

Strategy and Design of In Situ Activated Protein Hydrolysis Targeted Chimeras.

Protein hydrolysis targeted chimeras (PROTACs) represent a different therapeutic approach, particularly relevant for overcoming challenges associated with traditional small molecule inhibitors. These challenges include targeting difficult proteins that are often deemed "undruggable" and addressing issues of acquired resistance. PROTACs employ the body's own E3 ubiquitin ligases to induce the degradation of specific proteins of interest (POIs) through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

Amine-Promoted Three-Component Radical Selenofunctionalization for the Construction of β-Hydroxy Selenide Derivatives.

An amine-promoted three-component radical selenofunctionalization reaction of alkenes with TBHP and diselenide is disclosed. The reaction conditions are mild and suitable for a wide range of substrates (29 examples), and all give the corresponding hydroxyselenenylation products in moderate to excellent yields. In addition, preliminary studies on the mechanism reveal that the current method might proceed via a radical pathway.

Cilia-Mimic Locomotion of Magnetic Colloidal Collectives Enhanced by Low-Intensity Ultrasound for Thrombolytic Drug Penetration.

Rapid thrombolysis is very important to reduce complications caused by vascular blockage. A promising approach for improving thrombolysis efficiency is utilizing the permanent magnetically actuated locomotion of nanorobots. However, the thrombolytic drug transportation efficiency is challenged by in-plane rotating locomotion and the insufficient drug penetration limits further improvement of thrombolysis.

A Modular Engineered DNA Nanodevice for Precise Profiling of Telomerase RNA Location and Activity.

Increased telomerase activity has been considered as a conspicuous sign of human cancers. The catalytic cores of telomerase involve a reverse transcriptase and the human telomerase RNA (hTR). However, current detection of telomerase is largely limited to its activity at the tissue and single-cell levels.

Association between fundamental movement skills and accelerometer-measured physical activity in orphan children with severe intellectual disabilities.

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically exhibit low levels of physical activity (PA) and delayed motor skills. Understanding the motor skill factors that influence PA participation in this population is essential for designing effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fundamental motor skills (FMS) and objectively measured PA among orphan children with severe ID residing in welfare institutions.

Reduced gut microbiota diversity in ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection during vedolizumab therapy: insights on prophylactic anti-tuberculosis effects.

Background: The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in ulcerative colitis (UC) development. This study explores the impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on the gut microbiota in UC and assesses changes during vedolizumab treatment, investigating prophylactic anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Results: This cohort study included adult patients with UC receiving vedolizumab treatment at Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University from April 2021 to December 2022.

Detecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling molecules in cervical epithelial cells aids in the early diagnosis of cervical lesions.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential utility of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling cell detection in the early diagnosis of cervical lesions.

Methods: Enrichment of cervical epithelial cells was carried out using a calibrated membrane with 8-μm diameter pores. RNA-in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) was employed to detect and characterize EMT cells utilizing specific EMT markers.

Association between cardiometabolic index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among the general population: NHANES 1999-2018.

Background: Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a comprehensive clinical parameter which integrates overweight and abnormal lipid metabolism. However, its relationship with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality is still obscure. Thus, a large-scale cohort study was conducted to illustrate the causal relation between CMI and CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality among the common American population.

Temporal trends in disability adjusted life year and mortality for colorectal cancer attributable to a high red meat diet in China from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: High red meat consumption is a main modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer mortality (CRC), but its attributable disease burden remains unclear in China. We aimed to analyze the temporal trends in CRC deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high red meat consumption in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the disease burden in the next 15 years.

Methods: Data was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

Advancements in MRSA treatment: the role of berberine in enhancing antibiotic therapy.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant public health problem. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of berberine (BBR), a plant alkaloid, against MRSA, evaluating its potential to enhance antibiotic therapy.

Results: Berberine only demonstrated variable but significant inhibitory effects on 50 clinical MRSA strains.

Potent prophylactic cancer vaccines harnessing surface antigens shared by tumour cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.

The development of prophylactic cancer vaccines typically involves the selection of combinations of tumour-associated antigens, tumour-specific antigens and neoantigens. Here we show that membranes from induced pluripotent stem cells can serve as a tumour-antigen pool, and that a nanoparticle vaccine consisting of self-assembled commercial adjuvants wrapped by such membranes robustly stimulated innate immunity, evaded antigen-specific tolerance and activated B-cell and T-cell responses, which were mediated by epitopes from the abundant number of antigens shared between the membranes of tumour cells and pluripotent stem cells. In mice, the vaccine elicited systemic antitumour memory T-cell and B-cell responses as well as tumour-specific immune responses after a tumour challenge, and inhibited the progression of melanoma, colon cancer, breast cancer and post-operative lung metastases.