Weakly solvated perfluorinated electrolyte for high-temperature sodium-layered oxide cathodes.

The stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface in layered oxides is enhanced by electrolyte design criteria. A weakly-solvated electrolyte containing ethyl trifluoroacetate solvents with perfluorinated functional groups can restrain electrolyte decomposition and structural degradation when subjected to heat attack, exhibiting superior cycling durability at 60 °C compared to other fluorinated electrolytes.

A Function-Oriented Binder with Exceptional Interface Ion Transport and Impurity Tolerance for Hard Carbon Anode.

Hard carbon is the sole anode material employed in commercial sodium-ion batteries. However, its intrinsic defects and impurities will lead to battery failure, diminishing further development of sodium batteries in energy storage. Here, an acrylonitrile copolymer and poly(ethylene oxide) (LA/PEO) composite binder is developed to address these challenges in biomass-derived hard carbon.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Asymmetric -Selective Hydrogenation of 2,3-Disubstituted Quinoxaline Derivatives.

The asymmetric -selective hydrogenation of arenes has long been a significant challenge. In this work, we were able to control the / selectivity in ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3-disubstituted quinoxalines by varying the catalyst counteranion. Using density functional theory calculations, we investigated the weak interactions─such as CH/π and hydrogen bonding─among the counteranion, the catalyst framework, and the substrate, elucidating the fundamental influence of counteranions on / selectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalines.

Differential Neurogenesis Status Among Achalasia Subtypes.

Backgrounds And Aims: Achalasia is an acquired esophageal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective loss of inhibitory neurons in the myenteric plexus of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The Enteric neural precursor cell (ENPC) is essential in maintaining neurogenesis, but its role in achalasia pathogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to explore the neurogenesis status in the LES among achalasia patients.

Mesoporous Nanogel Sprays as Universal Evaporation Interface Modifiers for Boosting Water-Cluster Evaporation.

Accelerating water evaporation is vital for processes like photosynthesis, dehydration, and desalination. Optimizing the pore structure and interfacial properties of evaporative materials can reduce evaporation enthalpy and increase efficiency. However, integrating the evaporation interface with water transport channels poses significant design challenges and complicates low-enthalpy evaporation analysis.

A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, and urgency during defecation. While the primary site of involvement is the colon, UC can extend to encompass the entire rectum and colon. The causes and development mechanisms of UC are still not well understood; nonetheless, it is currently held that factors including environmental influences, genetic predispositions, intestinal mucosal integrity, gut microbiota composition, and immune dysregulation contribute to its development.

Highly Stable, Excellent Foliar Adhesion and Anti-Photodegradation Nucleic Acid-Peptide Coacervates for Broad Agrochemicals Delivery.

Agrochemicals play a pivotal role in the management of pests and diseases and the way agrochemicals are utilized exerts significant impacts on the environment. Ensuring rational application and improving utilization rates of agrochemicals are major demands in developing green delivery systems. Herein, a model of nucleic acid-peptide coacervate (NPC) for agrochemical delivery is presented, which is formed by mixing negatively charged single-stranded DNAs with positively charged poly-L-lysine.

Galvanic Cell Bipolar Microneedle Patches for Reversing Photoaging Wrinkles.

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major factor in the development of skin photoaging wrinkles. While current treatments can slow the progression of photoaging, it is very difficult to achieve complete reversal. This study introduces galvanic cell microneedle (GCMN) patches with magnesium-containing bipolar electrodes.

Tracking In Vivo Lipolysis of Lipid Nanocarriers Using NIR-II Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes.

Elucidating in vivo lipolysis is crucial for clarifying the underlying mechanisms and in vivo fates of lipid-based nanocarriers, which are essential oral drug delivery carriers. Current mainstream methodologies use various in vitro digestion models to predict the in vivo performance of lipid formulations; however, their accuracy is often impeded by the complicated environment of the gastrointestinal tract. Although fluorescence labeling with conventional probes partly reveals the in vivo translocation of lipid nanocarriers, it fails to elucidate the lipolysis process because of poor signal discrimination among nanocarriers, free probes, and mixed micelles (lipolysis end-products).

Nedd4L signaling contributes to carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in female mice and is associated with enteric dysbacteriosis.

Background: Liver fibrosis is characterized by hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and collagen overproduction, but its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. This study aimed to uncover the role of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-like (Nedd4L) signaling in liver fibrosis and its relationship with gut microbiota.

Methods: Intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl) was used to induce liver fibrosis in 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice with knockout or administration of the Nedd4L protein phosphorylation inhibitor EMD638683.

Etiologies of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a major cause of maldigestion and malnutrition, resulting from primary pancreatic diseases or other conditions. As the prevalence of EPI continues to rise, accurate identification of its etiology has become critical for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic secretory insufficiency. EPI can result from both pancreatic and non-pancreatic disorders.

Tension-compression asymmetry of gradient nanograined high-entropy alloys.

This study investigates the mechanical responses and deformation mechanisms of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) with varying grain size gradients through molecular dynamics simulations, and explores the tension-compression asymmetry of gradient nanograined high-entropy alloy (G-HEA) under different loading conditions. In the early stage of plastic deformation, the normal stress and shear strain of G-HEA both exhibit gradient distribution characteristics under compression and tension. However, as the engineering strain increased, these gradient distribution characteristics gradually diminished and ultimately disappeared.

Intermolecular interaction of AlO oxymetallic clusters in the detection of atmospheric pollutants: a DFT exploration of CO, CO, H, N, NO, NO, O, and SO, binding mechanisms.

Due to the lack of inherent geometric symmetry present in the structures of aluminum oxide clusters, determining their stable configuration becomes an exceedingly formidable task computationally. In this comprehensive analysis, we first propose the most stable state of AlO, determined through Density Functional Theory calculations at ωB97XD/Def2-TZVP level of theory. Multiple structural isomers were scrutinized for their stability and spin state, with the optimal structure determined using the bee colony algorithm for global optimization.

Nanofibrous Chitin Clusters Constructed via Controllable Crystalline Structure Transition for 3D Functional Materials.

Intensively studied polymeric particle production technologies often rely on the combination of polymer self-assembly and particle processing techniques. Herein, an elegant crystallization transition-mediated strategy is proposed to confine molecular self-assembly within a limited range, avoiding the need for extra particle processing steps. This approach enables the production of the regenerated nanofibrous chitin clusters woven with the helical nanofibers.

Hydrolytic, Thermal, and Electrochemical Stability of Thiol- and Terminal Alkyne-Based Monolayers on Gold: A Comparative Study.

The terminal alkyne-Au interaction is emerging as a promising adsorbing bonding motif for organic monolayers, allowing it to be used for installing antifouling layers and/or recognition elements on gold surfaces for biosensing applications. In contrast to the well-known thiol-on-gold monolayers, the long-term hydrolytic, thermal, and electrochemical stability of the alkyne-Au bond remains relatively unexplored. Insight into these is, however, essential to deliver on the promise of the alkyne-Au bond for (bio)sensing applications, and to see under which conditions they might replace thiolate-gold bonds, if the latter are insufficiently stable due to, e.

A supramolecular polypseudorotaxane material based on novel pillar[5]arene for ultrasensitive Fe reaction.

In this study, a novel linear supramolecular polypseudorotaxane was synthesized using a pillar[5]arene derivative (CP5) as the host and bis-bromohexyl pillar[5]arene (DP5) as the guest, facilitated by host-guest interactions. Subsequently, these components self-assembled to create an AIE-active material (CPDP-G) through C-H⋯π interactions involving the pillar[5]arene groups. Notably, the CPDP-G fluorescence material exhibits an exceptionally sensitive response to Fe, with a detection limit of 0.

B-Modified Pd Cathodes for the Efficient Detoxification of Halogenated Antibiotics: Enhancing C-F Bond Breakage beyond Hydrodefluorination.

Halogenated antibiotics pose a great threat to aqueous environments because of their persistent biotoxicity from carbon-halogen bonds. Electrochemical reduction (ER) is an efficient technology for dehalogenation, but it still suffers from limited efficiencies in breaking C-F bonds. Herein, we present a strategy to enhance C-F cleavage and promote detoxification by loading benchmark palladium cathodes onto boron-doped carbon.

Melatonin Increased Autophagy Level to Facilitate Osteogenesis of Inflamed PDLSCs Through TMEM110 Signaling Pathways.

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) bring new hope to patients with poor periodontium recovery and impaired regeneration. However, the complex inflammatory microenvironment continually inhibits stem cell function and hinders stem cell therapy effectiveness. Melatonin is a naturally occurring neurohormone that participates in the regulation of a large spectrum of biological functions.

Outcomes and risk factors for functional prognosis at 3 months after intravenous thrombolysis with r-tPA in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the preferred treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Nevertheless, only approximately half of patients undergoing IVT experience positive outcomes. The objective of the study was to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with AIS and identify predictors for unfavorable clinical outcomes at 3 months after IVT.

Intense Uptake of 68Ga-exendin-4 in a Patient With WHO Grade 3 Insulinoma and Extensive Intrahepatic Metastases.

A 24-year-old woman with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was found with a pancreatic mass and multiple intrahepatic lesions in CT and MRI. 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT showed intense radioactivity in the pancreatic mass and all the intrahepatic lesions, suggesting a malignant insulinoma with multiple intrahepatic metastases. Subsequent fine needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of WHO grade 3 insulinoma.

Manganese-Driven Plasmid Nanofibers Formed for Cancer Gene Delivery and Metalloimmunotherapy.

While nucleic-acid-based cancer vaccines hold therapeutic potential, their limited immunogenicity remains a challenge due in part to the low efficiency of cytoplasmic delivery caused by lysosomal entrapment. In this work, we found that plasmids encoding both an antigen and a STING agonist protein adjuvant can self-assemble into coordination nanofibers, triggered by manganese ions. We developed a strategy to construct a DNA vaccine, termed MnO-OVA-CDA-mem, formed by the coencapsulation of manganese dioxide (MnO), an antigen-expressing plasmid (encoding ovalbumin, OVA), and an adjuvant enzyme-expressing plasmid (encoding STING agonist, CDA) within dendritic cell (DC) membranes.

Video based on the combination of animation and modules is effective in teaching suture technologies to novices without faculty involvement: a new surgical video course.

Background: While video-based instruction has been employed to teach a range of surgical skills, most videos rely on modular demonstrations, which restrict students' comprehension of human tissue structures and their control over intricate procedural details.

Methods: This study described the development, implementation, evaluation, and results of a novel video curriculum based on modular demonstrations combined with animated simulations. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups using a simple lottery-based randomization method, and the efficacy of this novel curriculum was established through pre-and post-teaching outcome analyses.

Integrated bulk RNA sequencing and mass cytometry analysis reveal the circulating immune landscape in ischemic and hemorrhagic Moyamoya disease.

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is increasingly recognized as being influenced by chronic inflammation, with circulating immune cells playing a role in its progression. However, research on the immune characteristics of different MMD subtypes is limited. This study aims to compare the peripheral immune profiles of ischemic and hemorrhagic MMD patients.

Earth-Abundant WO Coupled with Minimal Pt for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution under Dark and Visible Light Conditions.

The development of cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical to advancing green hydrogen production technologies. Here, we present a plasmonic tungsten oxide (WO) material integrated with ultralow platinum (Pt) loadings (0.4, 0.