Preparation of Thermally Conductive and Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites from Polyethylenimine-Boron Nitride Skeleton and Phosphate Ester Hyperbranched Flame Retardant.

In the electronics field, the demand for polymer-based interface materials with high thermal conductivity is increasing. In this study, a three-dimensional thermally conductive framework was fabricated using a bidirectional freezing technique, incorporating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as the primary filler and polyethylenimine (PEI) as the binder. Moreover, a phosphate ester hyperbranched flame retardant (DTFR) was synthesized.

Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Radicals in Asymmetric Photoredox Minisci Reactions with Azaarenes for Precise Construction of Two Non-adjacent Stereocenters.

Despite the significant potential of photocatalysis as a robust synthetic tool, the high reactivity of radicals often presents challenges in achieving optimal chemoselectivity. In this study, we demonstrate that this inherent limitation can be strategically harnessed for asymmetric photoredox catalysis. By utilizing a chiral catalyst to facilitate kinetic resolution between the two enantiomers of racemic radical intermediates, one enantiomer selectively undergoes the desired transformation, while noncatalytic side reactions deplete the other enantiomer.

Multifunctional Liposomes with Enhanced Stability for Imaging-Guided Cancer Chemodynamic and Photothermal Therapy.

Improvements in tumor therapy require a combination of strategies where targeted treatment is critical. We developed a new versatile nanoplatform, MA@E, that generates high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with effective photothermal conversions in the removal of tumors. Enhanced stability liposomes were employed as carriers to facilitate the uniform distribution and stable storage of encapsulated gold nanorods (AuNRs) and Mn-MIL-100 metal-organic frameworks, with efficient delivery of MA@E to the cytoplasm.

Manganese-based nanoenzymes: from catalytic chemistry to design principle and antitumor/antibacterial therapy.

Manganese (Mn)-based materials have been extensively investigated for a wide range of biomedical applications owing to their remarkable catalytic chemistry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capacity, biodegradability, low toxicity, and good biosafety. In this review, we first elaborate on the catalytic principle of Mn-based nanoenzymes for antitumor and antibacterial therapy, followed by a comprehensive discussion of the interesting structural design engineering strategies used to achieve multi-dimensional Mn-based nanoarchitectures, such as zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles, 1D nanotubes, 2D nanosheets, 3D hollow porous Mn ball, and core-shell nanostructures. Moreover, the therapeutic applications of different Mn-based nanoenzymes, including manganese dioxide (MnO)-based nanoenzymes that can trigger catalytic reactions, Mn-doped metal nanoenzymes and Mn-coordinated nanoenzymes that promote hydroxyl/reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and MnO-based micro/nanorobots that can effectively penetrate tumor tissues, are critically reviewed.

In Situ Electrochemical Activation Strategy toward Organic Cation Preintercalated Layered Vanadium-Based Oxide Cathode for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Layered vanadium-based oxides with preintercalated metal cations are attracting extensive attention as highly promising candidates for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to the increase in structural stability originating from the pillar effect. However, the strong electrostatic interaction between the rigid metal cation pillars and zinc ions results in sluggish ionic transport, thereby limiting the high-rate performance. Herein, a layered vanadium-based oxide with protonated 1,4-diaminobutane organic cation (BDA) pillars is designed as a cathode material for AZIBs.

Single -crystal sodium nickel phosphate nanoparticles as supercapacitor cathodes with ultra-high capacitance and rate-performance.

Sodium nickel phosphate (NaNiPO, NNP) is an attractive cathode material for high performance supercapacitors due to its abundance of active sites for oxidation/reduction, highly stable framework structure, . However, its disadvantages of low electric conductivity, disturbances of its impure crystalline phase, and the numerous pores/gaps produced by agglomerated polycrystalline morphologies in this cathode often limit its electrochemical performance. Herein, single-crystalline NNP rod-like nanoparticles with high phase purity have been prepared by spontaneous combustion combined with subsequent solid-phase calcination.

Weakly solvated perfluorinated electrolyte for high-temperature sodium-layered oxide cathodes.

The stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface in layered oxides is enhanced by electrolyte design criteria. A weakly-solvated electrolyte containing ethyl trifluoroacetate solvents with perfluorinated functional groups can restrain electrolyte decomposition and structural degradation when subjected to heat attack, exhibiting superior cycling durability at 60 °C compared to other fluorinated electrolytes.

A Function-Oriented Binder with Exceptional Interface Ion Transport and Impurity Tolerance for Hard Carbon Anode.

Hard carbon is the sole anode material employed in commercial sodium-ion batteries. However, its intrinsic defects and impurities will lead to battery failure, diminishing further development of sodium batteries in energy storage. Here, an acrylonitrile copolymer and poly(ethylene oxide) (LA/PEO) composite binder is developed to address these challenges in biomass-derived hard carbon.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Asymmetric -Selective Hydrogenation of 2,3-Disubstituted Quinoxaline Derivatives.

The asymmetric -selective hydrogenation of arenes has long been a significant challenge. In this work, we were able to control the / selectivity in ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3-disubstituted quinoxalines by varying the catalyst counteranion. Using density functional theory calculations, we investigated the weak interactions─such as CH/π and hydrogen bonding─among the counteranion, the catalyst framework, and the substrate, elucidating the fundamental influence of counteranions on / selectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalines.

Differential Neurogenesis Status Among Achalasia Subtypes.

Backgrounds And Aims: Achalasia is an acquired esophageal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective loss of inhibitory neurons in the myenteric plexus of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The Enteric neural precursor cell (ENPC) is essential in maintaining neurogenesis, but its role in achalasia pathogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to explore the neurogenesis status in the LES among achalasia patients.

Mesoporous Nanogel Sprays as Universal Evaporation Interface Modifiers for Boosting Water-Cluster Evaporation.

Accelerating water evaporation is vital for processes like photosynthesis, dehydration, and desalination. Optimizing the pore structure and interfacial properties of evaporative materials can reduce evaporation enthalpy and increase efficiency. However, integrating the evaporation interface with water transport channels poses significant design challenges and complicates low-enthalpy evaporation analysis.

A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, and urgency during defecation. While the primary site of involvement is the colon, UC can extend to encompass the entire rectum and colon. The causes and development mechanisms of UC are still not well understood; nonetheless, it is currently held that factors including environmental influences, genetic predispositions, intestinal mucosal integrity, gut microbiota composition, and immune dysregulation contribute to its development.

Highly Stable, Excellent Foliar Adhesion and Anti-Photodegradation Nucleic Acid-Peptide Coacervates for Broad Agrochemicals Delivery.

Agrochemicals play a pivotal role in the management of pests and diseases and the way agrochemicals are utilized exerts significant impacts on the environment. Ensuring rational application and improving utilization rates of agrochemicals are major demands in developing green delivery systems. Herein, a model of nucleic acid-peptide coacervate (NPC) for agrochemical delivery is presented, which is formed by mixing negatively charged single-stranded DNAs with positively charged poly-L-lysine.

Galvanic Cell Bipolar Microneedle Patches for Reversing Photoaging Wrinkles.

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major factor in the development of skin photoaging wrinkles. While current treatments can slow the progression of photoaging, it is very difficult to achieve complete reversal. This study introduces galvanic cell microneedle (GCMN) patches with magnesium-containing bipolar electrodes.

Tracking In Vivo Lipolysis of Lipid Nanocarriers Using NIR-II Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes.

Elucidating in vivo lipolysis is crucial for clarifying the underlying mechanisms and in vivo fates of lipid-based nanocarriers, which are essential oral drug delivery carriers. Current mainstream methodologies use various in vitro digestion models to predict the in vivo performance of lipid formulations; however, their accuracy is often impeded by the complicated environment of the gastrointestinal tract. Although fluorescence labeling with conventional probes partly reveals the in vivo translocation of lipid nanocarriers, it fails to elucidate the lipolysis process because of poor signal discrimination among nanocarriers, free probes, and mixed micelles (lipolysis end-products).

Nedd4L signaling contributes to carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in female mice and is associated with enteric dysbacteriosis.

Background: Liver fibrosis is characterized by hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and collagen overproduction, but its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. This study aimed to uncover the role of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-like (Nedd4L) signaling in liver fibrosis and its relationship with gut microbiota.

Methods: Intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl) was used to induce liver fibrosis in 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice with knockout or administration of the Nedd4L protein phosphorylation inhibitor EMD638683.

Etiologies of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a major cause of maldigestion and malnutrition, resulting from primary pancreatic diseases or other conditions. As the prevalence of EPI continues to rise, accurate identification of its etiology has become critical for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic secretory insufficiency. EPI can result from both pancreatic and non-pancreatic disorders.

Tension-compression asymmetry of gradient nanograined high-entropy alloys.

This study investigates the mechanical responses and deformation mechanisms of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) with varying grain size gradients through molecular dynamics simulations, and explores the tension-compression asymmetry of gradient nanograined high-entropy alloy (G-HEA) under different loading conditions. In the early stage of plastic deformation, the normal stress and shear strain of G-HEA both exhibit gradient distribution characteristics under compression and tension. However, as the engineering strain increased, these gradient distribution characteristics gradually diminished and ultimately disappeared.

Intermolecular interaction of AlO oxymetallic clusters in the detection of atmospheric pollutants: a DFT exploration of CO, CO, H, N, NO, NO, O, and SO, binding mechanisms.

Due to the lack of inherent geometric symmetry present in the structures of aluminum oxide clusters, determining their stable configuration becomes an exceedingly formidable task computationally. In this comprehensive analysis, we first propose the most stable state of AlO, determined through Density Functional Theory calculations at ωB97XD/Def2-TZVP level of theory. Multiple structural isomers were scrutinized for their stability and spin state, with the optimal structure determined using the bee colony algorithm for global optimization.

Nanofibrous Chitin Clusters Constructed via Controllable Crystalline Structure Transition for 3D Functional Materials.

Intensively studied polymeric particle production technologies often rely on the combination of polymer self-assembly and particle processing techniques. Herein, an elegant crystallization transition-mediated strategy is proposed to confine molecular self-assembly within a limited range, avoiding the need for extra particle processing steps. This approach enables the production of the regenerated nanofibrous chitin clusters woven with the helical nanofibers.

Hydrolytic, Thermal, and Electrochemical Stability of Thiol- and Terminal Alkyne-Based Monolayers on Gold: A Comparative Study.

The terminal alkyne-Au interaction is emerging as a promising adsorbing bonding motif for organic monolayers, allowing it to be used for installing antifouling layers and/or recognition elements on gold surfaces for biosensing applications. In contrast to the well-known thiol-on-gold monolayers, the long-term hydrolytic, thermal, and electrochemical stability of the alkyne-Au bond remains relatively unexplored. Insight into these is, however, essential to deliver on the promise of the alkyne-Au bond for (bio)sensing applications, and to see under which conditions they might replace thiolate-gold bonds, if the latter are insufficiently stable due to, e.

A supramolecular polypseudorotaxane material based on novel pillar[5]arene for ultrasensitive Fe reaction.

In this study, a novel linear supramolecular polypseudorotaxane was synthesized using a pillar[5]arene derivative (CP5) as the host and bis-bromohexyl pillar[5]arene (DP5) as the guest, facilitated by host-guest interactions. Subsequently, these components self-assembled to create an AIE-active material (CPDP-G) through C-H⋯π interactions involving the pillar[5]arene groups. Notably, the CPDP-G fluorescence material exhibits an exceptionally sensitive response to Fe, with a detection limit of 0.

B-Modified Pd Cathodes for the Efficient Detoxification of Halogenated Antibiotics: Enhancing C-F Bond Breakage beyond Hydrodefluorination.

Halogenated antibiotics pose a great threat to aqueous environments because of their persistent biotoxicity from carbon-halogen bonds. Electrochemical reduction (ER) is an efficient technology for dehalogenation, but it still suffers from limited efficiencies in breaking C-F bonds. Herein, we present a strategy to enhance C-F cleavage and promote detoxification by loading benchmark palladium cathodes onto boron-doped carbon.

Melatonin Increased Autophagy Level to Facilitate Osteogenesis of Inflamed PDLSCs Through TMEM110 Signaling Pathways.

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) bring new hope to patients with poor periodontium recovery and impaired regeneration. However, the complex inflammatory microenvironment continually inhibits stem cell function and hinders stem cell therapy effectiveness. Melatonin is a naturally occurring neurohormone that participates in the regulation of a large spectrum of biological functions.