PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone as First-Line Therapy for Patients With Unfavorable Cancer of Unknown Primary: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.

This multicenter study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy (ICI-Chemo group) versus chemotherapy alone (Chemo group) for patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) in the first-line setting. We included patients with unfavorable CUP across four medical centers in China. Between January 2014 and December 2023, 117 patients were enrolled: 46 patients in the ICI-Chemo group and 71 patients in the Chemo group.

Asymmetric copper-catalyzed hydrophosphinylation of ethynylazaarenes to access -chiral 2-azaaryl-ethylphosphine oxides.

We report a cost-effective approach for the enantioselective hydrophosphinylation of ethynylazaarenes utilizing a chiral copper catalytic platform. This strategy efficiently converts racemic secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) into -chiral tertiary phosphine oxides (TPOs) bearing functionalized olefin substituents with azaarene moieties, achieving high yields and exceptional enantioselectivities. These adducts serve as crucial intermediates in the development of valuable chiral 1,5-hybrid ,-ligands.

Evaluation of the collaboration between intrinsic activity and diffusion: a descriptor for alkene epoxidation catalyzed by TS-1.

The systemic evaluation of the collaboration between intrinsic activity of active sites and the substrate/product diffusion rate is a key challenge for rational optimization of reaction performance in alkene epoxidation. Herein, we constructed a series of TS-1 catalysts with adjustable local microenvironments around active sites to explore their performance in alkene epoxidation. This was achieved by controlling the contributions of classical and non-classical routines during the crystallization process.

Tuning phase transition and fluorescence quenching in 0D organic-inorganic hybrid materials by precise organic cation modification.

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials exhibiting stimuli-responsive photoluminescence have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for advanced anti-counterfeiting and information encryption applications. However, achieving controllable fluorescence quenching through rational molecular design remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of three novel organic-inorganic hybrid compounds, (ETMP)MnBr (1), (PTMP)MnBr (2) and (ATMP)MnBr (3) (ETMP = ethyl-trimethyl-phosphonium, PTMP = propyl-trimethyl-phosphonium, and ATMP = allyl-trimethyl-phosphonium).

Solvent-free fabrication of an NiP/UiO-66 catalyst for the hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanone.

Dispersing metal phosphides on supports with large surface areas is a feasible way to boost the catalytic hydrogenation performance. However, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are very promising porous materials, have rarely been used to load metal phosphides owing to the harsh synthesis conditions of metal phosphides. This work demonstrated a facile and solvent-free method to construct a highly dispersed NiP/UiO-66 catalyst (the particle size of NiP was 2.

Designing interfacially stable Na-ion polymer electrolytes with tailored local solvation structures.

Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is selected as an additive to the polymer electrolyte (PE) to improve the stability of the NaFeMnNiO cathode. ADA can capture hydrogen from the polymer and induce local structures, enhancing the ionic conductivity of the PE. Moreover, the dehydrogenated ADA can bond to Fe ions, preventing the PE from decomposing.

Causes of death in locally advanced esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To compare the causes of death in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with stage T3-4aN0M0/T1-4aN1-3 M0 esophageal cancer who underwent either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. Overall survival (OS) and specific causes of death were analyzed and compared between the two treatment groups.

Chemical Compositions and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil and Its Distillates Prepared by Vacuum Fractional Distillation and Molecular Distillation.

essential oil (LCEO) has various bioactivities and wide applications. However, most reported LCEOs are directly extracted from plants, and studies on further processing of LCEO to enrich bioactive components using modern separation techniques are scarce. In this study, LCEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and further processed via vacuum fractional distillation (VFD) and molecular distillation (MD).

Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis 2-Fold C-H/C-X Coupling: Construction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Brominated Benzimidazoles.

A palladium/norbornene (NBE)-catalyzed 2-fold C-H/C-X coupling reaction of aryl iodides is reported. Bromine-substituted benzimidazoles were chosen as electrophilic and termination reagents, and the versatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon products were successfully obtained. The strategy overcomes the challenge of catalyst poisoning by heterocyclic substrates.

Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell-seeded regenerated silk fibroin scaffolds reverse liver fibrosis in mice.

Liver fibrosis (LF) is an important process in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis. We have previously demonstrated that a regenerated silk fibroin scaffold loaded with adipose-derived stem cells (RSF + ADSCs) can repair acute liver injury. In this study, we established a chronic LF animal model using carbon tetrachloride (CCl) and a high-fat diet.

Achieving Zero Leakage, Ultralong Lifespan, and Intrinsic Opening Sensing in Microvalves Through Structural Superlubrication and Triboelectric Nanogenerator Technologies.

Valves are critical components in advanced fluid control systems (AFCS) and play a vital role in applications such as soft robotics and medical devices. Traditional mechanical valves often suffer from issues such as leakage and wear, which compromise the efficiency and precision of air-driven systems. Here, a superlubricity microvalve (SLMV) is developed with characteristics of zero leakage, ultralong lifespan, and self-sensing capabilities.

Anion-Vacancy Defect Passivation for Efficient Antimony Selenosulfide Solar Cells via Magnesium Chloride Post-growth Activation.

The quasi-1D antimony selenosulfide (Sb(S,Se)) light-harvesting material has attracted tremendous attention for photovoltaic applications because of its superior materials and optoelectronic properties. However, one of the critical obstacles faced by Sb(S,Se) solar cells is the presence of many defects in absorbers, especially those deep-level anion-vacancy defects which are prone to serving as recombination centers. In this work, an effective defect engineering strategy via magnesium chloride (MgCl) postgrowth activation is explored for high performance antimony selenosulfide solar cells.

Observation of Giant Effective Orbital Hall Angle in Ti/Pt Metallic Heterostructure.

Orbitronics is an emerging field in which orbital currents are used to develop high-efficiency electronic information devices. Orbital currents have a wider material range and longer transmission distance than spin currents. However, the efficient utilization of orbital currents remains challenging.

Construction of Heterostructure Nickel Sulfoselenide Arrays for Advanced Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors.

Transition metal compounds are being extensive studied in K-ion hybrids capacitors (KIHCs) owing to their abundant resource and ultrahigh theoretical capacity. However, their poor cycling lifespan and rate capability as vulnerable structures is the major bottleneck for future development. Here the design and construction a heterostructure Nickel sulfoselenide arrays (NiSSe) with large-scale high ordering and large interval spacing are reported.

High-Temperature-Induced Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Multiple Resonance Emitters Exhibiting Narrowband and Pronounced Red-Shifted Emission.

Synthetic methodology is a fundamental framework for preparing functional materials, significantly advancing their development. Herein, a novel 6π electrocyclization reaction is unexpectedly discovered that promotes further ring closure in materials derived from multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) compounds, known for their narrow emission. By simply raising the reaction temperature, this process significantly red-shifts the emission peak of the target material while effectively narrowing its emissive width and greatly enhancing its optoelectronic performance.

Multifunctional Terahertz Biodetection Enabled by Resonant Metasurfaces.

Testing diverse biomolecules and observing their dynamic interaction in complex biological systems in a label-free manner is critically important for terahertz (THz) absorption spectroscopy. However, traditionally employed micro/nanophotonic techniques suffer from a narrow operating resonance and strong absorption band interference from polar solutions preventing seriously reliable, on-demand biosensor integration. Here, a multifunctional THz plasmonic biosensing platform by leveraging multiple interfering resonances from quasi-bound states in the continuum designed to noninvasively and in situ track the temporal evolution of molecules in multiple analyte systems, is proposed.

Machine-Learning-Enhanced Trial-and-Error for Efficient Optimization of Rubber Composites.

The traditional trial-and-error approach, although effective, is inefficient for optimizing rubber composites. The latest developments in machine learning (ML)-assisted methodologies are also not suitable for predicting and optimizing rubber composite properties. This is due to the dependency of the properties on processing conditions, which prevents the alignment of data collected from different sources.

Controllable Interfacial Growth of 2D Covalent Organic Framework Films for Organic Electronic Applications.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are crystalline porous materials with predesignable topologies, periodic structures, and tunable functionalities constructed from molecular building blocks through covalent bonds. Their modular design allows for the integration of various functionalities, making 2D COFs highly suitable for optoelectronic applications. 2D COF films have emerged to integrate 2D COFs into optoelectronic devices, avoiding the low dispersibility and poor processability of powder COF materials.

Synergistic Strategy of Anion and Cation at the SnO/Perovskite Interface Constructing Efficient and Stable Solar Cells.

The chemical regulation of SnO to enhance the properties of the buried interface in perovskite films is extensively investigated, but the underpinning mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. In this study, a synergistic strategy for cation fixation and anion diffusion by incorporating (3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) dimethylsulfonium chloride (Vitamin U, V) into a SnO colloidal solution is proposed. The cationic end (─COOH, ─NH) of V effectively inhibits the aggregation of SnO particles and promotes electron extraction and transport via chemical interactions.

Programmable Non-Volatile Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter Based on Back-End-of-Line Compatible Phase-Change Materials.

High-performance signal processing and telecommunication systems absolutely necessitate analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) that offer extensive bandwidth, exceptional precision, and minimal power consumption, in order to efficiently convert real-world analog signals into digital signals. While current electronic ADCs are constrained by limitations such as low bandwidth, high jitter noise, susceptibility to electromagnetic interference, and excessive energy consumption, photonic ADCs present promising solutions to overcome these challenges. Here, a programmable photonic ADC is developed by integrating phase-change materials (PCMs) with silicon photonics fabricated using foundry processes.

Ru-Doped Fe₂TiO₅ as a High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Urea-Assisted Water Splitting.

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR), with its low thermodynamic potential, offers a promising alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for efficient hydrogen production. However, its sluggish kinetics still demand the development of an efficient electrocatalyst. In this study, the critical role of Ru doping in Fe₂TiO₅ is demonstrated to accelerate UOR kinetics.

Simultaneous AoLP and DoLP Detection in a Bias-Switchable PdSe/MoS/PdSe Heterojunction for Polarization Discrimination.

On-chip polarized photodetectors play a crucial role in advancing ultra-compact optoelectronic devices for next-generation technologies. However, simultaneously detecting the angle of linear polarization (AoLP) and the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) within a single device remains a challenging task, particularly due to the inherently weak polarization states found in naturally anisotropic materials. In this paper, it is reported on the development of a twisted monopole barrier photodetector based on a PdSe/MoS/PdSe configuration.

Surface- and Spatial-Regulated Cd-Free Quantum Dots for Efficient, Mechanically Stable, and Full-Color Flexible Light-Emitting Diodes.

Flexible light-emitting diodes utilizing environmentally friendly cadmium (Cd)-free quantum dots (QDs) hold immense potential for next-generation wearable integrated displays. However, their overall performance lags behind Cd-based counterparts, and less research focuses on the suitability of QD layers in flexible devices. Herein, it is observed that the traditional surface oleate ligands on QDs readily detach under device operation after cycling bending, leading to increased surface defects and accumulated tensile stress in QDs layers, further diminishing their photoluminescence and electroluminescence performance.

One-Pot Synthesis of Innovative Multicomponent Complexes as Catalysts for Enhanced Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate.

The creation of multi-component energetic complex molecules, with functionalized groups, combined with synergistic catalysis among catalytic interactions between their components, offers a remarkable opportunity to boost the energy release of ammonium perchlorate (AP). This study uses a one-pot method to investigate a synthesis approach for coordinating anion complexes.Furthermore, the potential applications of this series of complexes as combustion catalysts are analyzed.

A Sophisticated Ratiometric Nuclear Medicine Imaging Strategy for Biological Microenvironment Abnormal Factor Detection.

Biological microenvironment detection is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms underlying malignant progression and predicting the treatment efficacy of diseases. Nevertheless, only very limited progress has been made toward non-invasive and quantitative detection of microenvironment abnormal factors, let alone with clinically compatible imaging modalities. Herein, a smart nuclear medicine probe is proposed, innovatively designed for quantitative visualization of glutathione (GSH) in vivo.