Biological hydrogen production: molecular and electrolytic perspectives.

Exploration of renewable energy sources is an imperative task in order to replace fossil fuels and to diminish atmospheric pollution. Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising fuels for the future and implores further investigation to find eco-friendly ways toward viable production. Expansive processes like electrolysis and fossil fuels are currently being used to produce hydrogen.

Carbonate encapsulation from dissolved atmospheric CO into a polyoxovanadate capsule.

An aqueous synthesis, involving the reduction of the VO anion in a mild alkaline pH in the presence of α-BiO, led to the formation of a fully reduced polyoxovanadate (POV) capsule, with CO anion encapsulation in its internal cavity, in the compound [Na(HO)][HVO(CO)]·3NH·10HO (1). This CO anion encapsulation, the source of which is absorbed aerial CO in the pertinent aqueous alkaline reaction mixture, occurs only in the presence of α-BiO. Compound 1 crystals, upon exposure to HCl acid vapor, exclude CO gas that can react with the Grignard reagent (PhMgBr) to form triphenylcarbinol and benzoic acid; during this solid-vapor interface reaction, compound 1 itself transforms into an amorphous material that includes the Cl anion but could not be characterized unambiguously.

Precursor-feeding and altered-growth conditions reveal novel blue pigment production by Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2.

Objective: To explore the secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential of Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 using a new metabolite mining strategy.

Results: Combination of precursor-feeding and altered growth conditions were used to mine new biomolecules. Strain JA2 utilised L-phenylalanine as sole source of nitrogen and showed pigments production only under phenylalanine-amended aerobic cultures.

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulfate on the testis of common carp, Cyprinus carpio.

The present study analyzed the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO) in the testis of six-month-old common carp Cyprinus carpio exposed to three different doses, viz., 10, 50, and 100 μg/L for 21 days. Characterization of ZnO-NPs was done after sonication, the size and shape of ZnO-NPs were determined as ∼20-30 nm spherical structure measured zeta potential of +26.

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals insights into metabolic and molecular responses of glucose-grown cells of Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2.

Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria thrive under diverse habitats utilising an extended range of inorganic/organic compounds under different growth modes. Although they display incredible metabolic flexibility, their responses and adaptations to changing carbon regimes is largely unexplored. In the present study, we employed iTRAQ-based global proteomic profiling and physiological studies to uncover the adaptive strategies of a phototrophic bacterium, Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 to glucose.

Enterotoxic effects of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the catfish, Clarias gariepinus: Biochemical, histological and proteome analyses.

Aeromonas hydrophila is considered as a potential risk to fish populations in the aquaculture industry and could also pose a serious threat to humans. In this study, the impact of A. hydrophila infection in the air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus was analyzed using a multidimensional approach.

Gonadal transcriptome analysis of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio: Identification of differentially expressed genes and SSRs.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a world-wide freshwater fish of eutrophic waters. C. carpio, have various reproductive traits, including early sexual maturity, that may make them excellent, large, realistic, aquaculture model species.

Crystal Engineering: An Outlook for the Future.

Crystal Engineering has traditionally dealt with molecular crystals. It is the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and in the utilization of such understanding in the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties. We outline here five areas which come under the umbrella of Crystal Engineering and where we feel that a proper planning of research efforts could lead to higher dividends for science together with greater returns for humankind.

Insights into the carbonic anhydrases and autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathways of high CO tolerant Rhodovulum viride JA756.

Biofixation of CO is being extensively investigated to solve the global warming problem. Purple non-sulfur bacteria are fast growers that consume CO and produce beneficial biomass. Better the growth at higher CO levels, more efficient are the strains for biofixation.

Rhodobacter alkalitolerans sp. nov., isolated from an alkaline brown pond.

An alkali-tolerant, Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-to-oval-shaped, yellowish brown-colored, phototrophic bacterium, designated as strain JA916, was isolated from an alkaline brown pond in Gujarat, India. The DNA G + C content of the strain JA916 was 65.1 mol%.

Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Oxindolyl-Pyrroles and Quinolines via a One-Pot, Sequential Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement, Anti-Michael Addition/C-H Functionalization, and Azacyclization.

A one-pot, sequential Meyer-Schuster (MS) rearrangement of oxindole-derived propargyl alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated enones and their anti-Michael addition, followed by intramolecular azacyclization is described in a highly regioselective manner using Ca(OTf) as the promoter. Further, we described the one-pot MS rearrangement, followed by C-H functionalization of 2-methyl azaarenes at α-carbon of these doubly activated alkenes. Control experiments and computational calculations were performed to propose the reaction mechanism.

Rhodococcus electrodiphilus sp. nov., a marine electro active actinobacterium isolated from coral reef.

An electrogenic bacterium was isolated from a marine coral, designated as strain JC435 and its taxonomic status examined by using a polyphasic approach. Results from the 16S rRNA gene sequence study showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Rhodococcus and formed a cluster with Rhodococcus ruber KCTC 9806 (99.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus aetherivorans JCM 14343 (99.

GDNF family receptor α-1 in the catfish: Possible implication to brain dopaminergic activity.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)is a potent trophic factor that preferentially binds to GDNF family receptor α-1 (GFRα-1)by regulating dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neuronsin brain. Present study aimed to evaluate the significance of GFRα-1 expression during early brain development in catfish. Initially, the full-length cDNA of GFRα-1 was cloned from adult brain which showed high homology with other vertebrate counterparts.

Expression profiling of c-kit and its impact after esiRNA silencing during gonadal development in catfish.

Receptor, c-Kit is a member of a family of growth factor receptors that have tyrosine kinase activity, and are involved in the transduction of growth regulatory signals across plasma membrane by activation of its ligand, kitl/scf. The present study analyzed mRNA and protein expression profiles of c-kit in the gonads of catfish, Clarias gariepinus, using real time PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Tissue distribution analysis revealed higher expression mainly in the catfish gonads.

Planctopirus hydrillae sp. nov., an antibiotic producing Planctomycete isolated from the aquatic plant Hydrilla and its whole genome shotgun sequence analysis.

An antibiotic producing novel Planctomycete strain, designated JC280, was isolated from the surface of the plant Hydrilla verticillata collected from an alkaline lake (Buffalo lake), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain JC280 were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Planctopirus. The cell shape was spherical to ovoid and some were tear drop shaped.

Chryseobacterium salipaludis sp. nov., isolated at a wild ass sanctuary.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample obtained from a wild ass sanctuary in Gujarat, India. The strain designated JC490 was oxidase- and catalase-positive. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and sequence comparison data indicated that strain JC490 was a member of the genus Chryseobacterium and was closely related to Chryseobacterium jeonii AT1047 (96.

Remote sensing based deforestation analysis in Mahanadi and Brahmaputra river basin in India since 1985.

Land use and land cover (LULC) change has been recognized as a key driver of global climate change by influencing land surface processes. Being in constant change, river basins are always subjected to LULC changes, especially decline in forest cover to give way for agricultural expansion, urbanization, industrialization etc. We used on-screen digital interpretation technique to derive LULC maps from Landsat images at three decadal intervals i.

Stable Isotope-Assisted Metabolic Profiling Reveals Growth Mode Dependent Differential Metabolism and Multiple Catabolic Pathways of l-Phenylalanine in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2.

Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are metabolically versatile and survive under different growth modes using diverse organic compounds, yet their metabolic diversity is largely unexplored. In the present study, we employed stable-isotope-assisted metabolic profiling to unravel the l-phenylalanine catabolism in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 under varying growth modes. Strain JA2 grows under anaerobic and aerobic conditions by utilizing l-phenylalanine as a nitrogen source.

Evaluation of the deleterious health effects of consumption of repeatedly heated vegetable oil.

Consumption of repeatedly heated cooking oil has been a regular practice without knowing the harmful effects of use. The present study is based on the hypothesis that, heating of edible oils to their boiling points results in the formation of free radicals that cause oxidative stress and induce damage at the cellular and molecular levels. Peroxide value of heated oil, histopathological alterations, antioxidant enzyme levels and blood biochemistry were determined in Wistar rats treated with the .

Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a saline desert.

Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99 and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %.

Characterisation of a newly isolated member of a candidatus lineage, Marispirochaeta aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov.

Metagenome analysis of coastal marine habitats of Gujarat, India indicated the presence of twelve novel putative lineages of spirochaetes. Out of which a strain designated JC444 representing a novel putative lineage seven was isolated and characterized based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain JC444 was helical, Gram-stain-negative, obligate anaerobe, catalase and oxidase negative.

Amine-Triggered Highly Facile Oxidative Benzannulation Reaction for the Synthesis of Anthranilates under Solvent-Free Calcium(II) Catalysis.

An amine-triggered facile synthetic approach of anthranilates has been described through benzannulation of readily available chemicals under one-pot solvent-free conditions using Ca(OTf) as the sustainable catalyst. In this regioselective approach, we described a reasonably longer cascade, which proceeds through β-enamino ester formation/Michael addition/intramolecular aldol reaction/elimination/aromatization/oxidative debenzylation/lactonization with a broad substrate scope and high yields. The isolation of intermediates authenticated the mechanism, and the synthetic utility of the products was also demonstrated.

Description of Rhodobacter azollae sp. nov. and Rhodobacter lacus sp. nov.

Three strains (JA826T, JA912T and JA913), which were yellowish brown colour, rod to oval shaped, Gram-stain-negative, motile, phototrophic bacteria with a vesicular architecture of intracytoplasmic membranes, were isolated from different pond samples. The DNA G+C content of the three strains was between 64.6 and 65.

Bacillus catenulatus sp. nov., an alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake.

Two novel (18C and 6C) Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from Lonar soda lake, India. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains 18C and 6C were identified as belonging to the class Firmibacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus cohnii KCTC 3572 (99.3 and 99.