The Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Disordered Eating Among Adult Athletes in Italy and Lebanon.

Background/objectives: Disordered eating (DE) is a wide-spectrum condition, represented by altered eating patterns, behaviors, and attitudes aimed at controlling food intake, body weight, and shape, which does not necessarily satisfy the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder of clinical severity. DE is frequently reported among athletes, but its prevalence and associated factors have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we intended to assess the prevalence of DE among adult athletes from different sports disciplines in Italy and Lebanon and to identify the factors associated with DE.

Investigation and Assessment of AI's Role in Nutrition-An Updated Narrative Review of the Evidence.

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are now essential as the agenda of nutrition research expands its scope to look at the intricate connection between food and health in both an individual and a community context. AI also helps in tracing and offering solutions in dietary assessment, personalized and clinical nutrition, as well as disease prediction and management, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. This review aims to investigate and assess the different applications and roles of AI in nutrition and research and understand its potential future impact.

Reduction in Remnant Cholesterol in Obese Individuals After Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy.

The effectiveness of bariatric surgery in reducing remnant cholesterol (RC) levels, particularly when obesity is accompanied by elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), is insufficiently investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the impacts of two common bariatric procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), as regards their effects on RC and HbA1c levels. Adult morbidly obese subjects were included and assigned to receive either RYGB or SG.

Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model Characterizing the Tissue Distribution of Resveratrol After Administration by Different Routes and Doses in Rats.

Studies have demonstrated that resveratrol exerts several pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacokinetic parameters are not completely established. This study describes the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of resveratrol after administration by different routes and doses in rats.

Nutrient Intake and Dietary Adequacy Among Rural Tanzanian Infants Enrolled in the Mycotoxin Mitigation Trial.

Background: The Mycotoxin Mitigation Trial (MMT) was a community-based cluster-randomized trial designed to assess the effect of dietary aflatoxin (AF) on linear growth. Similar dietary intake between arms was an important component of the trial's program theory and essential for the trial's internal validity and interpretation.

Objective: This analysis assessed and compared dietary intake by arm within a sub-sample of infants enrolled in the MMT.

Attachment to Meat and Willingness Towards Cultured Alternatives Among Consumers: A Cross-Sectional Study in the UAE.

: The escalating global demand for meat, as a sequela of population growth, has led to unsustainable livestock production, resulting in a host of environmental and food security concerns. Various strategies have been explored to mitigate these issues, including the introduction of a novel food product, cultured meat. Cultured meat is not yet commercially available, yet public perceptions are already taking shape.

The Emerging Role of Oyster Mushrooms as a Functional Food for Complementary Cancer Therapy.

The importance of functional food's role in human nutrition as well as in the prevention of diseases, especially the treatment of chronic diseases like cancer, is an innovative field of research. Based on the studies regarding the antioxidant potential of oyster mushroom extract, it is evident that it has anticancer properties. The current article reviews the health benefits of edible oyster-mushroom-derived bioactive compounds, and how they specifically activate or regulate the immune system by affecting the maturation, differentiation, and proliferation of immune cells, thereby inhibiting cancer cell metastasis and growth.

Characterization of the Different Chemical Components and Nutritional Properties of Two Species.

This study aimed to investigate the nutritional value and potential for herbal tea production of two species . The analysis includes the quantification of lipids, proteins, organic acids (HPLC-MS), sugars (HPLC-MS), phenolic compounds (HPLC-MS-MS), volatile compounds (GC-MS), fatty acids (GC-MS), amino acids (HPLC-MS-MS), some minerals (ICP-MS), total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of flowers (EBF) and thorns (EBT), as well as flowers (EPF) and thorns (EPT). The results indicate that EPF and EPT exhibit elevated levels of protein (11.

Chronic Exposure to Two Regimens of Waterpipe Smoke Elicits Lung Injury, Genotoxicity, and Mitochondrial Impairment with the Involvement of MAPKs Activation in Mice.

While the pulmonary effects of regular waterpipe smoking (R-WPS) are well-defined, the impact of occasional waterpipe smoking (O-WPS) on the lungs remains less established. This study investigated the pulmonary toxicity and underlying mechanisms of O-WPS versus R-WPS following 6 months of exposure, focusing on histopathology, inflammation in the lung, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and plasma, as well as oxidative stress, genotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lung homogenates. Exposure to both O-WPS and R-WPS resulted in significant histological changes, including increased numbers of alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as interstitial fibrosis.

Proteomic Profile of in Response to Heavy Metal Pollution in Lakes of Northern Patagonia.

Over recent decades, Northern Patagonia in Chile has seen significant growth in agriculture, livestock, forestry, and aquaculture, disrupting lake ecosystems and threatening native species. These environmental changes offer a chance to explore how anthropization impacts zooplankton communities from a molecular-ecological perspective. This study assessed the anthropogenic impact on by comparing its proteomes from two lakes: Llanquihue (anthropized) and Icalma (oligotrophic).

Chemoprotective Mechanism of Sodium Thiosulfate Against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Is via Renal Hydrogen Sulfide, Arginine/cAMP and NO/cGMP Signaling Pathways.

Cisplatin is a common and highly effective chemotherapeutic agent whose nephrotoxic side effect is well-characterized. Sodium thiosulfate (STS), an FDA-approved hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor drug, is emerging as a chemoprotective agent against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN). In this study, we investigated the chemoprotective mechanism of STS in a rat model of CIN.

Regulation of Age-Related Lipid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer.

The mortality rate of ovarian cancer (OC) remains the highest among female gynecological malignancies. Advanced age is the highest risk factor for OC development and progression, yet little is known about the role of the aged tumor microenvironment (TME). We conducted RNA sequencing and lipidomic analysis of young and aged gonadal adipose tissue from rat xenografts before and after OC formation.

NAFLD and NAFLD Related HCC: Emerging Treatments and Clinical Trials.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. It is associated with an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the background of cirrhosis or without cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD-related HCC is increasing all over the globe, and HCC surveillance in NAFLD cases is not that common.

Almond Grafting for Plum Pox Virus Resistance Triggers Significant Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Shifts in Peaches.

Sharka disease, caused by the plum pox virus (PPV), negatively impacts stone fruit production, resulting in economic losses. It has been demonstrated that grafting the almond ( (Miller) D.A.

S6K2 in Focus: Signaling Pathways, Post-Translational Modifications, and Computational Analysis.

S6 Kinase 2 (S6K2) is a key regulator of cellular signaling and is crucial for cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This review is divided into two parts: the first focuses on the complex network of upstream effectors, downstream modulators, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate S6K2 activity. We emphasize the dynamic nature of S6K2 regulation, highlighting its critical role in cellular homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target in diseases like cancer.

Porter 6: Protein Secondary Structure Prediction by Leveraging Pre-Trained Language Models (PLMs).

Accurately predicting protein secondary structure (PSSP) is crucial for understanding protein function, which is foundational to advancements in drug development, disease treatment, and biotechnology. Researchers gain critical insights into protein folding and function within cells by predicting protein secondary structures. The advent of deep learning models, capable of processing complex sequence data and identifying meaningful patterns, offer substantial potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of protein structure predictions.

Revisiting Intercalation Anode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted significant attention in recent years as a result of the urgent necessity to develop sustainable, low-cost batteries based on non-critical raw materials that are competitive with market-available lithium-ion batteries. KIBs are excellent candidates, as they offer the possibility of providing high power and energy densities due to their faster K diffusion and very close reduction potential compared with Li/Li. However, research on KIBs is still in its infancy, and hence, more investigation is required both at the materials level and at the device level.

Application of a New Thermal Model for the Determination of London Dispersive Properties of H-β-Zeolite/Rhodium Catalysts Using New 2D Chromatographic Models.

A new methodology based on the Hamieh thermal model was applied for the determination of the surface properties of solid surfaces. The new approach consisted of the accurate quantification of the London dispersive surface energy of materials using the two-dimensional inverse gas chromatography technique at infinite dilution. This technique used the notion of the net retention volume of adsorbed molecules on the solid catalysts, allowing the determination of the free energy of adsorption.

From Crop Residue to Corrugated Core Sandwich Panels as a Building Material.

This study explores the potential of using underutilized materials from agricultural and forestry systems, such as rice husk, wheat straw, and wood strands, in developing corrugated core sandwich panels as a structural building material. By leveraging the unique properties of these biobased materials within a corrugated geometry, the research presents a novel approach to enhancing the structural performance of such underutilized biobased materials. These biobased materials were used in different lengths to consider the manufacturing feasibility of corrugated panels and the effect of fiber length on their structural performance.

SmartSkin-XAI: An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach for Enhanced Skin Cancer Diagnosis in Smart Healthcare.

Skin cancer, particularly melanoma, poses significant challenges due to the heterogeneity of skin images and the demand for accurate and interpretable diagnostic systems. Early detection and effective management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Traditional AI models often struggle with balancing accuracy and interpretability, which are critical for clinical adoption.

Parkinson's Disease Prediction: An Attention-Based Multimodal Fusion Framework Using Handwriting and Clinical Data.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NGD) encompass a range of progressive neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), characterised by the gradual deterioration of neuronal structure and function. This degeneration manifests as cognitive decline, movement impairment, and dementia. Our focus in this investigation is on PD, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor disturbances.

Methodological Impact on Curing Kinetics of Bone Cement Based on Poly (Styrene--Methyl Methacrylate)-2D Nanofiller Nanocomposites.

Herein, we report the methodological impact on the curing kinetics of bone cement based on polymer nanocomposites prepared using different methods. Poly (styrene--methylmethacrylate)-2D nanofiller nanocomposites (P(S-MMA)-2D Nanofiller) were prepared using bulk and suspension polymerization methods to study the effect of the different methods. The prepared nanocomposites were well-characterized for chemical, thermal, mechanical, and structural characteristics using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nano-indentation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively.

Exploring the Impact of Structural Modifications of Phenothiazine-Based Novel Compounds for Organic Solar Cells: DFT Investigations.

This paper explores a novel group of D-π-A configurations that has been specifically created for organic solar cell applications. In these material compounds, the phenothiazine, the furan, and two derivatives of the thienyl-fused IC group act as the donor, the π-conjugated spacer, and the end-group acceptors, respectively. We assess the impact of substituents by introducing bromine atoms at two potential substitution sites on each end-group acceptor (EG1 and EG2).

Tailoring UV Penetration Depth in Photopolymer Nanocomposites: Advancing SLA 3D Printing Performance with Nanofillers.

This study examines the influence of nanofillers on the ultraviolet (UV) penetration depth of photopolymer resins used in stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing, and their impact on printability. Three nanofillers, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene nanoplatelets (xGNP), and boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNP), were incorporated into a commercially available photopolymer resin to prepare nanocomposite formulations. The UV penetration depth (Dp) was assessed using the Windowpane method, revealing a significant reduction with the addition of nanofillers.

Revolutionizing Dental Polymers: The Versatility and Future Potential of Polyetheretherketone in Restorative Dentistry.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has emerged as a revolutionary material in modern dentistry because of its unique combination of mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and versatility. This literature review examines the current applications and future potential of PEEK in various dental disciplines. PEEK's favorable properties, including its low specific weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, and ability to be easily machined, have led to its adoption in prosthetics, implantology, and dental esthetic restorations.