N-Aryl Benzimidazole and Benzotriazole Derivatives and Their Hybrids as Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies.

The era of chemotherapy began in the 1940s, which is the basis of traditional antitumor approaches and, being one of the most high-tech treatment methods, is still widely used to treat various types of cancer. A promising direction in modern medicinal chemistry is currently the creation of hybrid molecules containing several pharmacophore fragments of different structures. This strategy is successfully used to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic agents and reduce side effects.

Toxigenic Cyanobacteria and Microcystins in a Large Northern Oligotrophic Lake Onego, Russia.

Toxigenic cyanobacteria and microcystins in the oligotrophic pelagic zone and mesotrophic bay of Lake Onego-the second largest lake in Europe-were found for the first time. Microscopic analysis revealed that and dominated in bloom spots in the oligotrophic zone of the lake and and OKin the eutrophic bay. The abundance of cyanobacteria in bloom spots is potentially hazardous for humans and animals.

Influence of Redox-Active Chitosan-Polyaminoxyl Micelles Loaded with Daunorubicin on Activity of Nrf2 Transcription Factor.

A new system for delivery of anthracycline antibiotics based on chitosan-polyaminoxyls (CPA) was studied in a model of non-tumor (human embryonic mesenchymal stem cells) and tumor cells (human hepatocellular carcinoma) in vitro. The presence of CPA micelles considerably suppresses daunorubicin-induced ROS generation in normal cells without affecting this process in tumor cells. CPA micelles do not reduce the cytotoxic effect of daunorubicin and do not prevent its accumulation in cells.

Ultrastructure of the mesonephros of whitefishes from the Lake Baikal basin.

The article presents a study of the mesonephros ultrastructure of Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius, Baikal whitefish Coregonus baicalensis, and a cross between Baikal whitefish and humpback whitefish (C. baicalensis × Coregonus pidschian). The mesonephros ultrastructure was studied using electron microscopy methods.

Distribution of Essential and Toxic Elements in Tissues and Risk Assessment for Consumer Health.

Nowadays, the problem of inland water pollution is acute. It is caused by vast industrial growth and agricultural intensification. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg, and Kwere determined in the muscles, liver, and gonads sabrefish from Rybinsk Reservoir areas with different anthropogenic loads.

Elaboration of the Effective Multi-Target Therapeutic Platform for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Novel Monoterpene-Derived Hydroxamic Acids.

Novel monoterpene-based hydroxamic acids of two structural types were synthesized for the first time. The first type consisted of compounds with a hydroxamate group directly bound to acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpene scaffolds. The second type included hydroxamic acids connected with the monoterpene moiety through aliphatic (hexa/heptamethylene) or aromatic linkers.

Histology and Ultrastructure of the Nephron and Kidney Interstitial Cells in the Atlantic Salmon ( Linnaeus 1758) at Different Stages of Life Cycle.

This article presents data on the mesonephros histology and ultrastructure in the Atlantic salmon from the Baltic Sea and Barents Sea populations, with an emphasis on comparisons between the following ontogenetic stages: parr, smolting, adult life at sea, the adults' return to their natal river to spawn, and spawning. The ultrastructural changes in the renal corpuscle and cells of the proximal tubules of the nephron occurred as early as the smolting stage. Such changes reflect fundamental alterations during the pre-adaptation to life in saltwater.

The Effect of On-Site Potentials on Supratransmission in One-Dimensional Hamiltonian Lattices.

We investigated a class of one-dimensional (1D) Hamiltonian -particle lattices whose binary interactions are quadratic and/or quartic in the potential. We also included on-site potential terms, frequently considered in connection with localization phenomena, in this class. Applying a sinusoidal perturbation at one end of the lattice and an absorbing boundary on the other, we studied the phenomenon of supratransmission and its dependence on two ranges of interactions, 0<α<∞ and 0<β<∞, as the effect of the on-site potential terms of the Hamiltonian varied.

Closed-Form Capacity Reliability Analysis of Multiuser MIMO System in the Presence of Generalized Multipath Fading.

This research studies the problem of a joint capacity/capacity reliability analysis of the multiuser multi-input multioutput (MIMO) system functioning in the presence of generalized multipath fading. The study presents the derived results of the closed-form analytical statistical description of the ergodic sum-rate capacity, the capacity reliability and the capacity's higher-order statistics in the case of complex Nakagami-m distributed channel transmission coefficients. A numerical verification of the derived expressions was performed, and it demonstrated excellent correspondence with the simulation.

New Data on Nephron Microanatomy and Ultrastructure of Senegal Bichir ().

This study presents new data on the microanatomy and ultrastructure of nephrons. It was shown that the diameter and ultrastructure of renal corpuscles, a well-developed neck segment, and ultrastructure of two types of epithelial cells of the proximal tubule are ancestral signs of the modern population of associated with habitat conditions in the aquatic environment. The outer diameter of the tubules, the height of the epitheliocytes, the presence of two types of epithelial cells of the intermediate and distal tubules of the corresponding ultrastructure, and a large area of nephrogenic tissue are progressive features of the modern population of , associated with adaptation to air respiration and periodic terrestrial migrations, which were formed at the early stages of evolution of convergently with lungfish and amphibians.

The Influence of Spatial Effects on the Dynamics of Solutions in Keynes' Mathematical Model of the Business Cycle.

We consider the special case of the mathematical model of Keynes' business cycle with the spatial interaction. In this model we assume that macroeconomic factors affect a certain geographical region and economic indicators. The dependence occurs on the spatial (geographical) coordinates in addition to the dependence on the temporal evolution, even if the economic subject is externally homogeneous in space.

Unique and ancestral features in trunk kidney microanatomy and ultrastructure of omul Coregonus migratorius.

This study presents novel data on the microanatomy and ultrastructure of the omul Coregonus migratorius trunk kidney. Adult individuals of C. migratorius were sampled in the Barguzin Bay of Lake Baikal.

A Novel Unified Framework for Energy-Based Spectrum Sensing Analysis in the Presence of Fading.

This paper studies the performance of the energy-based sensing procedure in the presence of multipath fading and shadowing effects in terms of its average probability of detection (APD), average receiver operating characteristic (AROC) and the area under the AROC curve (AUC). A new generalization for the class of the fading channel moment generating functions (MGFs) (i.e.

[The social psychological aspects of professional education in health care: specifics of metacognitive processes].

The actuality of the study is linked with the fact that issues of social psychological aspects of professionalization of physicians and specifics of metacognitive processes that are the basis of professionalization and continuous university and post-graduate education are explored insufficiently. It is revealed that metacognitive processes in professionalization of physicians at different stages of education and profession mastering have a number of common and specific features. It is established for the first time that in medical students their metacognitive activity and independence in solving various communicative problems is related to increasing of socio-reflexion.

Amphiphilic chitosan-polyaminoxyls loaded with daunorubicin: Synthesis, antioxidant activity, and drug delivery capacity.

The binding of aminoxyls to polymers extends their potential use as antioxidants and EPR-reporting groups and opens up new horizons for tailoring new smart materials. In this work, we synthesized and characterized non-sulfated and N-sulfated water-soluble amphiphilic chitosans with a critical micelle concentration of 0.02-0.

Kinetic model of polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidation in micelles.

A kinetic model of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) radical chain oxidation in micelles is presented, taking into account the diffusion of active intermediates between aqueous and organic phases, and its effect on the detailed mechanism of the process. The model made it possible to indirectly involve the structural changes of micelles and their kinetic characteristics by varying the actual values of the reactions rate constants. The modeling results are in good agreement with experimental data for the oxidation of methyl linoleate and linoleic acid.

Dynamics of advectively coupled Van der Pol equations chain.

A ring chain of the coupled Van der Pol equations with two types of unidirectional advective couplings is considered. It is assumed that the number of elements in the chain is sufficiently large. The transition to a distributed model with a continuous spatial variable is realized.

Community Metabolic Interactions, Vitamin Production and Prebiotic Potential of Medicinal Herbs Used for Immunomodulation.

Historically, the health benefits and immunomodulatory potential of medicinal herbs have been considered an intrinsic quality of the herb itself. We have hypothesized that the health benefits of medicinal herbs may be partially due to their prebiotic potential that alter gut microbiota leading to changes in short chain fatty acids and vitamin production or biotransformation of herb encoded molecules and secondary metabolites. Accumulating studies emphasize the relationship between the gut microbiota and host immune function.

Synchronization of Fluctuations in the Interaction of Economies within the Framework of the Keynes's Business Cycle Model.

In this paper, we will study two independent economies in a country (national, regional and urban), where the dynamics of fluctuations in each economy is described by Keynes's mathematical business cycle model. This is an interaction of two economies which include trade and competition. In the resulting system that consists of two independent economic entities, we show that fluctuations can emerge as two possible types of economic indicators (synchronous and antiphase) when the peaks and downturns of business activities in each of the economies are completely synchronized or on the contrary when the rise of one economy is accompanied by a recession (antiphase cycles).

Cobalt accumulation and iron-regulatory protein profile expression in immature mouse brain after perinatal exposure to cobalt chloride.

Developing brain is very sensitive to the influence of environmental factors during gestation and the neonatal period. The aim of the study is to assess cobalt and iron accumulation in the brain as well as changes in the expression of iron-regulatory proteins transferrin receptor 1, hepcidin, and ferroportin in suckling mice. Perinatal exposure to cobalt chloride increased significantly cobalt content in brain tissue homogenates of 18-day-old (d18) and 25-day-old (d25) mice inducing alterations in brain iron homeostasis.

Assessment of copper, iron, zinc and manganese status and speciation in patients with Parkinson's disease: A pilot study.

Background: The objective of this pilot study was to assess iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) status (hair, serum, and urine) and speciation (serum) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Methods: A pilot study involving a total of 27 subjects (13 PD patients, 14 controls) was performed. Serum, urine, and hair metal content was assessed using ICP-MS.

B-Vitamin Sharing Promotes Stability of Gut Microbial Communities.

Cross-feeding on intermediary and end-point metabolites plays an important role in the dynamic interactions of host-associated microbial communities. While gut microbiota possess inherent resilience to perturbation, variations in the intake of certain nutrients may lead to changes in the community composition with potential consequences on host physiology. Syntrophic relationships and mutualism at the level of major carbon and energy sources have been documented, however, relatively little is known about metabolic interactions involving micronutrients, such as B-vitamins, biosynthetic precursors of essential cofactors in the mammalian host and numerous members of the gut microbiota alike.

Prebiotic Potential of Culinary Spices Used to Support Digestion and Bioabsorption.

Although the impact of medicinal and culinary herbs on health and disease has been studied to varying extents, scarcely little is known about the impact of these herbs on gut microbiota and how such effects might contribute to their health benefits. We applied anaerobic cultivation of human fecal microbiota followed by 16S rRNA sequencing to study the modulatory effects of 4 culinary spices: (turmeric), (ginger), (pipli or long pepper), and (black pepper). All herbs analyzed possessed substantial power to modulate fecal bacterial communities to include potential prebiotic and beneficial repressive effects.

Micronutrient Requirements and Sharing Capabilities of the Human Gut Microbiome.

The human gut microbiome harbors a diverse array of metabolic pathways contributing to its development and homeostasis via a complex web of diet-dependent metabolic interactions within the microbial community and host. Genomics-based reconstruction and predictive modeling of these interactions would provide a framework for diagnostics and treatment of dysbiosis-related syndromes via rational selection of therapeutic prebiotics and dietary nutrients. Of particular interest are micronutrients, such as B-group vitamins, precursors of indispensable metabolic cofactors, that are produced by some gut bacteria (prototrophs) but must be provided exogenously in the diet for many other bacterial species (auxotrophs) as well as for the mammalian host.