Potentiating dual-directional immunometabolic regulation with nanomedicine to enhance anti-tumor immunotherapy following incomplete photothermal ablation.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising cancer treatment method due to its ability to induce tumor-specific T cell responses and enhance therapeutic outcomes. However, incomplete PTT can leave residual tumors that often lead to new metastases and decreased patient survival in clinical scenarios. This is primarily due to the release of ATP, a damage-associated molecular pattern that quickly transforms into the immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine by CD39, prevalent in the tumor microenvironment, thus promoting tumor immune evasion.