Damage activates EXG1 and RLP44 to suppress vascular differentiation during regeneration in Arabidopsis.

Plants possess remarkable regenerative abilities to form de novo vasculature after damage and in response to pathogens that invade and withdraw nutrients. To look for common factors that affect vascular formation upon stress, we searched for Arabidopsis thaliana genes differentially expressed upon Agrobacterium infection, nematode infection and plant grafting. One such gene was cell wall related and highly induced by all three stresses and was named ENHANCED XYLEM AND GRAFTING1 (EXG1) since mutations in it promoted ectopic xylem formation in Vascular cell Induction culture System Using Arabidopsis Leaves (VISUAL) and enhanced graft formation.

Pitfalls in performing genome-wide association studies on ratio traits.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often performed on ratios composed of a numerator trait divided by a denominator trait. Examples include body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio, among many others. Explicitly or implicitly, the goal of forming the ratio is typically to adjust for an association between the numerator and denominator.

Psychomotor therapy for individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning presenting anger regulation problems and/or aggressive behaviour: A qualitative study on clients' experiences.

Background: Psychomotor therapy (PMT) is often applied in Dutch clinical practice to address aggressive behaviour in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning. However, the literature on clients' experiences is lacking.

Methods: An interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the semi-structured interviews of seven participants (19-60 years; four male, three female) who completed PMT targeting anger regulation problems.

Perspectives of people with intellectual disability about their family networks: A comparison study with key support worker proxy reports.

Background: The Family Network Method - Intellectual Disability (FNM-ID) was used to compare perspectives of people with mild intellectual disability and their support workers on family networks of people with intellectual disability.

Method: 138 participants with mild intellectual disability and support workers were interviewed, using the FNM-ID. Paired -tests were used to examine differences in perspectives.

Assessment of challenging behaviours with the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form: Agreement/disagreement between frequency and severity ratings.

The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF) allows for the assessment of frequency and severity of challenging behaviours of individuals with ID with one combined rating. However, frequency and severity rating of challenging behaviours may be in disagreement. Therefore, the efficacy of frequency and severity independent ratings for each NCBRF item was investigated.

Siblings' and parents' perspectives on the future care for their family member with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: A qualitative study.

Background: Since the life expectancy of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is increasing, siblings may take over care/support roles from their parents.

Method: To explore how parents and siblings of persons with PIMD view siblings' role regarding future care/support for their family member, we interviewed eight parents and 13 siblings of seven persons with PIMD and analysed the data thematically.

Results: While some parents expected that a future care/support role would burden the sibling unfairly, most siblings anticipated such a role and reported no concerns about this future responsibility.

Cross-cultural preliminary validation of a measure of social vulnerability in people with intellectual disabilities.

Social vulnerability refers to the ways in which an individual is at risk of being victimised. The Test of Interpersonal Competences and Personal Vulnerability [TICPV] is an Australian assessment tool designed for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) [Wilson et al. (1996).

Creating opportunities for convivial encounters for people with intellectual disabilities: "It looks like an accident".

"Convivial encounter" provides a new lens for understanding social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities, characterised by shared activity and friendly interactions with strangers without intellectual disabilities. Places, props and support practices facilitate incidental convivial encounters. This study explored processes for deliberately creating opportunities for such encounters.

Possibility and risk in encounter between people with and without intellectual disability.

Background: Unpredictability, the risk of harm and possibility of rewards, are integral elements of encounter. Risk literature offers insight on the complex ways in which risk perceptions and attunements shape behaviours and interactions in encounter between people with and without intellectual disability.

Method: The paper draws on risk literature, encounter literature, and examples from the authors' previously published studies on encounter and work integrated social enterprises.

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom manifestations in an autistic man with severe intellectual disability following coercion and scalding.

Background: Autistic adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) seem to be particularly vulnerable to potentially traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, this population may be at risk for a different set of traumatic experiences than the general population. However, knowledge is sparse concerning PTSD symptom manifestations in individuals with severe ID.

Childhood experience, family support and parenting by people with intellectual disability.

Background: Parents with intellectual disability, like all other parents, are embedded in networks of capability-enhancing and/or capability-inhibiting relationships. This study investigated links between how parents with intellectual disability experienced their upbringing, continuity and discontinuity in familial relationships, and their assessments of their own parenting.

Method: Structured interviews, incorporating scales and open-ended questions, were conducted with 91 parents in receipt of specialist services for people with intellectual disability, including 82 mothers and 9 fathers.

Parental strategies that support adults with intellectual disabilities to explore decision preferences, constraints and consequences.

Background: Supporting participation in decision making is complex, dynamic and multifactorial. The aim of this study was to understand more about the difficulties parents of adults with intellectual disabilities experienced in providing decision support and their strategies for resolving them.

Method: Participants were 23 parents who regularly provided decision support for their adult with intellectual disabilities.

Forming and supporting circles of support for people with intellectual disabilities - a comparative case analysis.

Background: Building Circles of Support is an innovative strategy for developing natural support networks. This study explored some of the ambiguity in the conceptualisations, operational elements, and perceived outcomes of Circles of Support programs.

Method: A comparative case study of three Australian Circles of Support programs was conducted.

Psychometric properties of the ABSI-id, an adapted measure for anger-related interoceptive awareness in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.

Background: The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Anger Bodily Sensations Interview - intellectual disabilities (ABSI-id), an adapted instrument to measure anger-related interoceptive awareness (IA) in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF).

Method: The ABSI-id was individually administered to 208 clients (51% male) with MID-BIF in residential facilities.

Results: An EFA and CFA showed a two-factor structure of the ABSI-id, including nine items.

Development of a personalised substance use disorder treatment for people with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning: An intervention mapping approach.

Background: The prevalence of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in people with Mild Intellectual Disability and Borderline Intellectual Functioning (MID-BIF) is high and evidence-based treatment programs are scarce. The present study describes the development of a personalised SUD treatment for people with MID-BIF.

Method: The personalised SUD treatment is developed according to the steps of the Intervention Mapping approach, based on literature review, theoretical intervention methods, clinical experience and consultation with experts in the field of addiction and intellectual disability care.

Patterns of group home culture in organisations supporting people with intellectual disabilities: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Organisational culture in group homes for people with intellectual disabilities has been identified as an influence on service delivery and staff behaviour. The aim was to examine patterns of culture across group homes in disability organisations.

Method: The Group Home Culture Scale (GHCS) was used to measure staff perceptions of culture.

Occupational stress, coping and wellbeing among registered psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: To characterise the changes at work experienced by psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities during the pandemic and whether these changes, stressors and aspects of working life were associated with mental wellbeing and occupational stress.

Methods: Ninety-seven psychologists completed an online survey. Free text comments were analysed using thematic analysis and triangulated with our quantitative findings.

Signs of abuse in children with disabilities: A rapid review with expert panel social validation.

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities are at risk of becoming victims of abuse. However, persons working with this population often lack knowledge on how to interpret signs of abuse. The purpose of this study was to identify and socially validate signs of abuse in children with disabilities.

Timetabling a transition with dignity: Perspectives of young adults with significant support needs.

Background: This study investigated transition, or school leaving, as experienced by young adults living in Aotearoa New Zealand who had significant intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Method: To investigate these typically unheard perspectives, qualitative methods were adapted to individual communication preferences. Personal and contextual intersections were critically analysed using the theoretical framework of the capability approach.

Long-term outcomes following Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) diagnosis in adulthood.

Background: Early diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is known to improve outcomes in children. It is less clear if diagnosis in adulthood also conveys benefits. This study investigated long-term outcomes for individuals diagnosed with FASD after 18 years of age.

A process of decision-making support: Exploring supported decision-making practice in Canada.

Canada was the first country to develop legal mechanisms that allow for supported decision making, and little research has explored how decision making is supported in this context. This research aimed to understand how seven people with intellectual disabilities, living in two Canadian provinces, were supported with their decision making. The research used constructivist grounded theory methodology, interviewing and observing the decision making of seven people with mild to severe intellectual disabilities and 25 decision supporters.

Passing laws is not enough to change staff practice: The case of legally mandated "incident" reporting in Sweden.

Background: It is mandatory for staff in Swedish community services for people with intellectual disabilities to report incidents of error or malpractice.

Aim: The aim is to study if incident reports contribute to developing quality in services for people with intellectual disabilities who present with challenging behaviours.

Method: 159 reports on incidents from group homes and daily activities services were accessed and analysed using narrative thematic analysis.

What is "fair and reasonable"? Norms and strategies guiding the distribution of assets by testators who have an adult child with intellectual disability.

Parents making a will most commonly distribute assets evenly to adult children. How parents of an adult child with an intellectual disability use wills to plan for future care and support has had limited policy, practice and research attention. This research reports on the perceptions of 20 parents regarding the impact of the needs of their child with disability on estate planning.

The role of professionals in strengthening social relations of adults with a disability in independent supported living: Practices and influencing factors.

Professionals play an important role in supporting the social relations of persons with a disability. This study looks at professional practices supporting or strengthening social relations of persons in independent supported living, by integrating the perspectives of adults with a disability, network members and professionals. Fifty-one semi-structured interviews were carried out.