Castration-resistant prostate cancer without metastasis at presentation may achieve cancer-specific survival in patients who underwent prior radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is relatively better oncological outcomes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the incidence of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) and PCa-specific mortality in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with CRPC after RP, in particular those who had metastases or not.

The Impact of Glycosylation of Osteopontin on Urinary Stone Formation.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a matrix glycoprotein of urinary calculi. This study aims to identify the role of aberrant glycosylation of OPN in urolithiasis. We retrospectively measured urinary glycosylated OPN normalized by urinary full-length-OPN levels in 110 urolithiasis patients and 157 healthy volunteers and 21 patients were prospectively longitudinal follow-up during stone treatment.

Comparison of zinc acetate hydrate and polaprezinc for zinc deficiency in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: A single-center, open-label, prospective randomized study.

The efficacy and safety of zinc acetate hydrate (ZAH) for zinc supplementation in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains unknown. In this prospective, single-center, open-label, parallel-group trial for MHD patients with serum zinc level <70 μg/dL, we compared ZAH (zinc; 50 mg/day) and polaprezinc (PPZ; zinc; 34 mg/day) beyond 6-month administration in a 1:1 randomization manner. The ZAH and PPZ groups had 44 and 47 patients, respectively.

Multicenter prospective study validating the efficacy of a quantitative assessment tool for frailty in patients with urological cancers.

We prospectively validate the efficacy of the frailty discriminant score (FDS) in individuals with urological cancers, as there has been growing importance in evaluating frailty in clinical practice. A prospective, multicenter study was conducted from February 2017 to April 2019. We enrolled 258 patients with urological cancers and 301 community-dwelling participants who were assessed for frailty.

Clinical significance of the LacdiNAc-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen assay for prostate cancer detection.

To reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies (Pbx), better discrimination is needed. To identify clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) we determined the performance of LacdiNAc-glycosylated prostate-specific antigen (LDN-PSA) and LDN-PSA normalized by prostate volume (LDN-PSAD). We retrospectively measured LDN-PSA, total PSA (tPSA), and free PSA/tPSA (F/T PSA) values in 718 men who underwent a Pbx in 3 academic urology clinics in Japan and Canada (Pbx cohort) and in 174 PC patients who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy in Australia (preop-PSA cohort).

Impact of distance between donor and recipient hospitals on cadaveric kidney transplantation outcomes.

Background: The impact of distance between donor and recipient hospitals on outcomes in cadaveric kidney transplantations is unknown. We investigated the association between inter-hospital distance and outcomes in cadaveric kidney transplantations in Japan.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 363 cadaveric kidney transplantations between 2002 and 2017 in Japan.

Condyloma Acuminata of the Urethra in a Male Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.

Background: Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease associated with human papilloma virus (HPV). CA occurring in the urethra is rare and has not been reported in male renal transplant recipients. In addition, despite immunosuppressive conditions and increased risk of HPV-related malignant neoplasms in transplant recipients, HPV testing in male transplant recipients has been uncommon.

Low serum butyrylcholinesterase is independently related to low fetuin-A in patients on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Fetuin-A, which plays a protective role against the atherosclerosis and progression of vascular calcification, is decreased in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Fetuin-A and serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) levels decrease during malnutrition. We explored whether BChE was independently related to fetuin-A in patients on HD.

Proton pump inhibitor as an independent factor of progression of abdominal aortic calcification in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Backgrounds: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can be associated with vascular calcification in patients undergoing dialysis through hypomagnesemia. However, only few studies have demonstrated the influence of PPIs on vascular calcification in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). This study aimed to investigate whether the use of PPIs accelerates vascular calcification in patients on HD.

Partial Cystectomy of Paraganglioma of the Urinary Bladder Before Living Kidney Transplantation: Case Report.

Background: Paraganglioma (extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma) of the bladder is a very rare disease, accounting for 0.06% of all bladder tumors. Optimal management of bladder paraganglioma before kidney transplantation is unknown.

Butyrylcholinesterase level as an independent factor of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent resistance in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a single-center cross-sectional study.

Background: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) responsiveness is related to the nutritional status of patients on hemodialysis (HD). Serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), an alpha-glycoprotein, may decrease in case of malnutrition. We investigated whether BChE was independently related to ESA resistance in patients on HD.

The relationship between poor nutritional status and progression of aortic calcification in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Background: Although aortic calcification has a significant negative impact on prognosis in patients on hemodialysis (HD), risk factors for aortic calcification progression remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and aortic calcification progression in patients on HD.

Methods: Between April 2015 and October 2016, we treated 232 patients on HD.

Slow Progression of Aortic Calcification Is a Potential Benefit of Pre-emptive Kidney Transplantation.

Purpose: Pre-emptive kidney transplantation (PKT) is expected to improve graft and cardiovascular event-free survival compared with standard kidney transplantation. Aortic calcification is reported to be closely associated with renal dysfunction and cardiovascular events; however, its implication in PKT recipients remains incompletely explored. This aim of this study was to evaluate whether PKT confers a protective effect on aortic calcification, renal function, graft survival, and cardiovascular event-free survival.

Delirium in hemodialysis predicts mortality: a single-center, long-term observational study.

Objectives: Delirium signifies underlying brain dysfunction; however, its clinical significance in hemodialysis remains unclear. In this study, we sought to determine whether the occurrence of delirium during hemodialysis was associated with higher mortality.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective, 10-year cohort study.

The role of LIM and SH3 protein-1 in bladder cancer metastasis.

The LIM and SH3 protein-1 (LASP-1) is a multi-domain protein that is involved in several malignant cancers. The role of LASP-1 in malignant phenotypes including high invasive properties and unrestricted cell proliferation, remain to be elucidated. The present study reported the association of LASP-1 expression with bladder cancer malignancy and its role in cancer cell invasion and proliferation.

Opacity of big toenail predicts poor prognosis in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis.

Background: The impact of nail abnormalities on prognosis in hemodialysis patients is unknown. This study investigated whether toenail opacity as a readout of nail abnormalities predicted prognosis in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: In this observational study, 494 eligible hemodialysis patients who received hemodialysis at Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute between September 2010 and December 2015 were included.

The influence of serum uric acid on renal function in patients with calcium or uric acid stone: A population-based analysis.

Objectives: To determine the influence of serum uric acid (UA) levels on renal impairment in patients with UA stone.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 463 patients with calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate stones (CaOx/CaP), and 139 patients with UA stones. The subjects were divided into the serum UA-high (UA ≥ 7.

Clinical relevance of aortic calcification in urolithiasis patients.

Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate the clinical relevance of aortic calcification in urolithiasis patients.

Methods: Between January 2010 and September 2014, 1221 patients with urolithiasis were treated in Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute and Hirosaki University Hospital. Among these, 287 patients (Stone group) on whom adequate data were available were included in this retrospective study.

Aortic calcification burden predicts deterioration of renal function after radical nephrectomy.

Background: Radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the possibility of postoperative deterioration of renal function must be considered before surgery. We investigated the contribution of the aortic calcification index (ACI) to the prediction of deterioration of renal function in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy.

Methods: Between January 1995 and December 2012, we performed 511 consecutive radical nephrectomies for patients with RCC.

A mechanism for evasion of CTL immunity by altered O-glycosylation of HLA class I.

Anti-tumour immunity by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) is essential to suppress tumour progression. Cancer cells that evade CTL immunity proliferate in the host, promoting metastasis, but mechanisms underlying this capacity remain unknown. Here we report that bladder cancer cells metastasized to lymph nodes evade CTL immunity by a new mechanism via altered glycosylation.

Prevalence of major depressive disorder among hemodialysis patients compared with healthy people in Japan using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.

Background: We investigated the prevalence of depression in hemodialysis (HD) patients using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression (CES-D) scale and the Structured Clinical Interview for the , Fourth Edition (SCID) and compared the rates with those of community dwelling people in Japan.

Patients And Methods: A total of 99 patients undergoing HD were recruited. Blood sampling was performed no later than 2 weeks prior to assessment.

Insomnia in patients on hemodialysis for a short versus long duration.

Background: Many studies have investigated insomnia and the factors associated with this condition in hemodialysis (HD) patients, although the influence of HD duration has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we investigated the factors, especially the duration of HD, associated with insomnia in HD patients.

Patients And Methods: A total of 138 patients undergoing HD were recruited, and the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the quality of sleep.

Safety and Effectiveness of Marginal Donor in Living Kidney Transplantation.

Background: We evaluated the safety and feasibility of living kidney transplantation from marginal donors.

Patients And Methods: Between June 2006 and March 2015, we performed 61 living related renal transplantations at two renal transplantation centers. Marginal donors were defined as those who were older than 70 years or who had hypertension, reduced renal function, body mass index greater than 30 kg/m(2), or mildly impaired glucose tolerance.

Vimentin intermediate filament and plectin provide a scaffold for invadopodia, facilitating cancer cell invasion and extravasation for metastasis.

To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis, we have isolated a high-metastatic bladder cancer cell subpopulation from a low-metastatic cell line by using an in vivo selection system. Cells in the subpopulation showed a high ability to form invadopodia, the filamentous actin (F-actin)-based membrane protrusions that play an essential role in cancer cell invasion. Analysis of the gene expression profile revealed that the expression of an intermediate filament (IF) protein, vimentin and a cytoskeletal linker protein, plectin was up-regulated in the high-metastatic subpopulation compared with the low metastatic cell line.