Exosomal ANXA2 facilitates ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis by activating peritoneal mesothelial cells through binding with TLR2.

Background: Peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer (OvCa) can be largely attributed to the formation of a metastatic microenvironment driven by tumoral exosomes. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which exosomal annexin A2 (ANXA2) derived from OvCa cells induces an HPMC phenotypic shift in favour of peritoneal metastasis.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry and orthotopic and intraperitoneal OvCa xenograft mouse models were used to clarify the relationship between tumour ANXA2 expression and peritoneal metastasis.

Epidermal growth factor receptor ligands enriched in follicular fluid exosomes promote oncogenesis of fallopian tube epithelial cells.

Background: Incessant ovulation is the main etiologic factor of ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), which mostly originate from the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands essential for follicle development and ovulation wound repair were abundant in the follicular fluid (FF) and promoted the transformation of FTE cells. This study determined whether RTK ligands are present in FF exosomes and whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is essential for oncogenic activity.

A FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma discovered after ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a case report, illustrating pitfalls in the interpretation of serum FSH levels.

Background: Most cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) are caused by infertility treatment using human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). OHSS is widely known to have a "spoke-wheel" appearance on imaging, presenting as bilateral symmetric enlargement of ovaries with multiple cysts of varying sizes. When this spoke-wheel appearance is observed in patients not undergoing infertility treatment, tumor-derived hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and hCG should be measured.

Immunomodulatory and anti-ovarian cancer effects of novel astragalus polysaccharide micelles loaded with podophyllotoxin.

Ovarian cancer, a highly lethal form of gynecological cancer globally, has witnessed notable advancements in its treatment through the integration of nanotechnology and immunotherapy. Here, we designed a novel astragalus polysaccharide vector (PDA), encapsulating podophyllotoxin (PPT), and modifying methotrexate (DSPE-PEG-MTX) on its surface for targeting ovarian cancer cells with high folate receptor expression. We prepared novel MTX-modified PPT-loaded astragalus polysaccharide micelles (MTX-PPT-micelles) by dialysis method and evaluated their characterization, stability, safety and targeting ability.

Perfluorobutanoic acid: A short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance exhibiting estrogenic effects through the estrogen-related receptor γ pathways.

Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) is an emerging contaminant that was demonstrated to exhibit estrogen effects via action on classic estrogen receptors (ERs) in a low-activity manner. The purpose of the present study is to reveal the estrogen disruption effect and mechanism of PFBA via estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) pathways. In vivo experiment indicated that PFBA accumulated in zebrafish ovary and caused ovarian injury, with disturbing sex hormone levels and interfering gene expression related to estrogen synthesis and follicle regulation.

The pervasive impact of frailty on ovarian cancer care and the role of prehabilitation: Qualitative perspectives of key stakeholders.

Introduction: We performed a qualitative study to explore key stakeholders' perspectives about the impact of frailty on ovarian cancer care and evaluate a candidate prehabilitation intervention.

Materials And Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with patient-caregiver dyads and multi-disciplinary clinicians. Patients were ≥ 50 years of age with a new diagnosis of advanced stage (III/IV) ovarian cancer who received cancer-directed treatment (chemotherapy and/or surgery) during the past year and met criteria as pre-frail or frail using the FRAIL scale.

Bilateral ovarian mature cystic teratoma with unilateral malignant transformation to adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the most common germ cell tumor of the ovary, comprising 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. Malignant transformation (MT) is an uncommon complication and occurs in approximately 1-3% of all MCTs. The most common histological type of MT is squamous cell carcinoma.

Obacunone regulates ferroptosis in ovarian cancer through the Akt/p53 pathway.

Ovarian cancer is characterized by a high rate of recurrence and a poor prognosis. Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death that is dependent on iron and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a novel therapeutic target in recent years. This study investigated the effects of Obacunone, a naturally occurring compound present in citrus fruits, on the induction of ferroptosis in ovarian cancer via the Akt/p53 signaling pathway.

[Methylation of Long Noncoding RNA Genes SNHG6, SNHG12, and TINCR in Ovarian Cancer].

Ovarian cancer (OC) develops asymptomatically and escapes diagnosis until advanced stages, the feature contributing to a higher mortality rate. New prospects of OC diagnosis and treatment have been opened in studies of the gene regulation mechanisms that involve long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and identification of the lncRNA genes that are inhibited via methylation of the promoter region. A set of 122 samples of primary OC tumors was examined by methylation specific real-time PCR to assess the methylation level of the lncRNA genes PLUT, SNHG1, SNHG6, SNHG12, and TINCR.

Genetic variants of FER and SULF1 in the fibroblast-related genes are associated with non-small-cell lung cancer survival.

Fibroblasts are important components in the tumor microenvironment and can affect tumor progression and metastasis. However, the roles of genetic variants of the fibroblast-related genes (FRGs) in the prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the associations between 26,544 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 291 FRGs and survival of NSCLC patients from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.

TIGIT CD4 regulatory T cells enhance PD-1 expression on CD8 T cells and promote tumor growth in a murine ovarian cancer model.

Immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy has shown limited efficacy in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In recent years, the emergence of immune checkpoint co-targeting therapies, led by the combination targeting of TIGIT and FAK, has shown promise in ovarian cancer treatment. Our preliminary research indicates that TIGIT is predominantly expressed in regulatory T cells during ovarian cancer.

Unraveling the interplay of CD8 + T cells and microRNA signaling in cancer: implications for immune dysfunction and therapeutic approaches.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as critical regulators of CD8 + T cell function within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). This review explores the multifaceted interplay between miRNAs and CD8 + T cells across various cancers. We discuss how specific miRNAs influence CD8 + T cell activation, recruitment, infiltration, and effector function.

Surgery for patients with endometrioid-type endometrial cancer: is lymphadenectomy above the inferior mesenteric artery necessary?

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify the risk of metastasis to lymph nodes above the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EC) and the factors that influence metastasis.

Methods: The study included patients who had been operated on for endometrioid-type EC in three gynecological oncology centers between 2007 and 2023. The supramesenteric lymph node (SM-LN) is the region between the left renal vein and the IMA, whereas the inframesenteric lymph node (IM-LN) is the region between the IMA and the aortic bifurcation, as determined by the level of the IMA.

Self-expanding metallic stent insertion for malignant bowel obstruction secondary to gynecologic malignancies: a retrospective analysis : SEMS for gynecological MBO is efficient.

Background: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common complication in advanced and recurrent gynecologic malignancies, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) insertion has emerged as an alternative palliative measure, yet data specific to gynecologic malignancies remains scarce.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 patients with gynecologic malignancies and malignant large bowel obstruction who underwent colorectal stenting between January 2002 and December 2023.

Reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: results from the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Background: There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women.

Methods: This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958-2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Living a Cancer Surveillance Life: A Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis of Everyday Experiences and Ambivalences for Women Living With Hereditary Risk of Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer.

Objective: Women with or at risk of hereditary breast- and ovarian cancer (HBOC) often live a surveillance-focused life from young adulthood. As they navigate a life of heightened medical vigilance, or a "cancer surveillance life," we explore how women with HBOC, as well as their partners and families, experience this particular kind of living through a thorough literature review of existing qualitative research.

Methods: We performed Boolean searches in PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, PSYCHinfo, Scopus, and Web of Science from April-May 2022, identifying 506 relevant articles.

High-adhesion ovarian cancer cell resistance to ferroptosis: The activation of NRF2/FSP1 pathway by junctional adhesion molecule JAM3.

Ovarian cancer remains a significant challenge due to the lack of effective treatment and the resistance to conventional therapies. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-depend and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Ovarian cancer has been reported to exert an "iron addiction" phenotype which makes it is susceptible to ferroptosis inducers.

N-acetylcysteine prevents cisplatin-induced cognitive impairments in an ovarian cancer rat model.

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is prevalent among cancer patients. A critical disparity in the CRCI field is that most pre-clinical studies have been conducted on young cancer-free male rodents, although CRCI predominantly affects breast cancer and ovarian cancer women survivors. Since oxidative stress is widely implicated in the development of CRCI, we developed an ovarian cancer xenograft rat model of CRCI in Cr:NIH-RNU female rats to examine whether administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents cisplatin-induced CRCI without altering its anti-cancer efficacy.

Long-term outcome of the vaginoscopic approach for infantile vaginal yolk sac tumors: A case report.

Introduction: Infantile vaginal yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare and aggressive form of pediatric cancer that often presents with bloody discharge. Despite advances in chemotherapy, managing post-chemotherapy AFP level rebounds remains a challenge. This case report describes a 7-month-old girl with vaginal YST whose AFP levels rose following 3 cycles of PEB chemotherapy.

NSC-3852 synergistically enhances the cytotoxicity of olaparib in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The PARP inhibitor olaparib is an anti-cancer agent based on synthetic lethality that targets poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases. It is used as a therapeutic agent for breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers carrying BRCA1/2 mutations that cause deficiency in homologous recombination. In recent years, acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors has become a clinical problem in PARP inhibitor-treated patients.

Actionable mutations in early-stage ovarian cancer according to the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT): a descriptive analysis on a large prospective cohort.

Background: According to the European Society for Clinical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines, the therapeutic algorithm for early-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is primarily based on grading and histotype. Adjuvant chemotherapy is usually recommended for high-grade tumors and for the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB-IC; however, overtreatment remains a concern. Conversely, patients truly at higher risk of recurrence currently lack access to additional therapeutic strategies.

Fertility preservation before sterilizing treatment: cryopreservation of both ovaries to restore endocrine and reproductive functions.

Ovarian cortex cryopreservation is now a validated fertility preservation technique. Autotransplantation of this tissue allows restoration of ovarian hormone function in more than 90% of patients, and birth of at least one child in 30% of transplanted women. In the case of very highly gonadotoxic treatments, it is recommended that ovarian cortex be cryopreserved as first-line therapy to safeguard future fertility.

Vitamin D binding protein genetic isoforms, serum vitamin D, and cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.

Associations between vitamin D biochemical status and cancer may be modified by vitamin D binding protein isoforms which are encoded by GC (group-specific component). We examined interactions between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the Gc isoforms Gc1-1, Gc1-2, and Gc2-2, and cancer risk within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort based on 3,795 cases and 3,856 controls. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer risk according to 25(OH)D quantiles, stratified by Gc isoform.

Contribution of large genomic rearrangements in BRCA1/2 genes and CHEK2 1100delC allele variant to the development of breast/ovarian cancer in Argentinian population.

Purpose: Among women in Argentina, the most common cancer is breast cancer (BC) with 21,631 new cases and 6436 deaths per year. The ovarian cancer (OC) is fifteenth in frequency. The contribution of cancer-related large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) of the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes and the 1100delC allelic variant in the CHEK2 gene has not yet been widely studied in our population.

Validation of administrative health data for the identification of endometriosis diagnosis.

Study Question: How do endometriosis diagnoses and subtypes reported in administrative health data compare with surgically confirmed disease?

Summary Answer: For endometriosis diagnosis, we observed substantial agreement and high sensitivity and specificity between administrative health data-International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 codes-and surgically confirmed diagnoses among participants who underwent gynecologic laparoscopy or laparotomy.

What Is Known Already: Several studies have assessed the validity of self-reported endometriosis in comparison to medical record reporting, finding strong confirmation. We previously reported high inter- and intra-surgeon agreement for endometriosis diagnosis in the Endometriosis, Natural History, Diagnosis, and Outcomes (ENDO) Study.