Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives on Sepsis Care Pathways-Qualitative Pilot Expert Interviews.

: Despite recent decades' rapid advances in the management of patients with sepsis and septic shock, global sepsis mortality and post-acute sepsis morbidity rates remain high. Our aim was, therefore, to provide a first overview of sepsis care pathways as well as barriers and supportive conditions for optimal pre-clinical, clinical, and post-acute sepsis care in Germany. : Between May and September 2023, we conducted semi-structured, video-based, one-to-one pilot expert interviews with healthcare professionals representing pre-hospital, clinical, and post-acute care settings.

An interactive course program on nutrition for medical students: interdisciplinary development and mixed-methods evaluation.

Nutrition plays a crucial role in human and planetary health, as prevailing nutritional patterns significantly contribute to the global non-communicable disease pandemic. Moreover, the global food system is inextricably linked to planetary health deterioration. The relevance of nutrition for individual and planetary health is insufficiently addressed in German medical schools.

Two-layered immune escape in AML is overcome by Fcγ receptor activation and inhibition of PGE2 signaling in NK cells.

Loss of anticancer NK cell function in AML patients is associated with fatal disease progression and remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that AML-blasts isolated from patients rapidly inhibit NK cell function and escape NK cell-mediated killing. Transcriptome analysis of NK cells exposed to AML-blasts revealed increased CREM expression and transcriptional activity, indicating enhanced cAMP signalling, confirmed by uniform production of the cAMP-inducing prostanoid PGE2 by all AML-blast isolates from patients.

Data-driven discovery of associations between prescribed drugs and dementia risk: A systematic review.

Abstract: Recent clinical trials on slowing dementia progression have led to renewed focus on finding safer, more effective treatments. One approach to identify plausible candidates is to assess whether existing medications for other conditions may affect dementia risk. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies adopting a data-driven approach to investigate the association between a wide range of prescribed medications and dementia risk.

Long-term increase in soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels in convalescents after mild COVID-19 infection.

Introduction: Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are increased in COVID-19 patients. IL-6 is an effective therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases and tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks signaling via the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), is used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. However, the IL-6R exists in membrane-bound and soluble forms (sIL-6R), and the sIL-6R in combination with soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) forms an IL-6-neutralizing buffer system capable of neutralizing small amounts of IL-6.

An immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of 60 colorectal carcinoma brain metastases in pursuit of predictive biomarkers for cancer therapy.

Colorectal carcinoma brain metastases (n = 60) were studied using next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry. RAS and BRAF mutations were detected in 58.2% and 7.

Species coexistence as an emergent effect of interacting mechanisms.

Although extensively studied, the maintenance of biodiversity remains a highly debated and investigated topic of contemporary research in ecology. Several studies have quantified the contributions of various coexistence mechanisms to biodiversity. However, often stochastic individual-level interactions are abstracted away, or mechanisms are studied in isolation.

Stimulate to Remember? The Effects of Short Burst of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) on Memory Performance and Pupil Dilation.

The decline in noradrenergic (NE) locus coeruleus (LC) function in aging is thought to be implicated in episodic memory decline. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), which supports LC function, might serve to preserve or improve memory function in aging. However, taVNS effects are generally very heterogeneous, and it is currently unclear whether taVNS has an effect on memory.

Prior knowledge changes initial sensory processing in the human spinal cord.

Prior knowledge changes how the brain processes sensory input. Whether knowledge influences initial sensory processing upstream of the brain, in the spinal cord, is unknown. Studying electric potentials recorded invasively and noninvasively from the human spinal cord at millisecond resolution, we find that the cord generates electric potentials at 600 hertz that are modulated by prior knowledge about the time of sensory input, as early as 13 to 16 milliseconds after stimulation.

Prevalence of Chronic Hand Eczema in adults: A cross-sectional survey of over 60,000 respondents in the general population in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Background: The lack of attention to Chronic Hand Eczema (CHE) and the lack of a specific International Classification of Diseases code for CHE may have limited the assessment of CHE prevalence. To date, prevalence estimates have primarily been derived from (partly small) single-country studies.

Objectives: To estimate the annual prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed CHE across socio-demographic characteristics among adults in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK).

Lobectomy vs. MRgLITT in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): A Pilot Study Investigating Vestibulo-Spatial Functions.

: About 65 million people worldwide are affected by epilepsy, with temporal lobe epilepsy being the most common type resistant to drugs and often requiring surgical treatment. Although open surgical approaches, such as temporal lobectomy, have been the method of choice for decades, minimally invasive MRgLITT has demonstrated promising results. However, it remains unknown whether patients who underwent one of these two approaches would show better performance on vestibulo-spatial tasks.

Precuneus activity during retrieval is positively associated with amyloid burden in cognitively normal older carriers.

The precuneus is a site of early amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation. Previous cross-sectional studies reported increased precuneus fMRI activity in older adults with mild cognitive deficits or elevated Aβ. However, longitudinal studies in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking and the relationship to the Apolipoprotein-E () genotype is unclear.

Training and validating a treatment recommender with partial verification evidence.

Background: Current clinical decision support systems (DSS) are trained and validated on observational data from the clinic in which the DSS is going to be applied. This is problematic for treatments that have already been validated in a randomized clinical trial (RCT), but have not yet been introduced in any clinic. In this work, we report on a method for training and validating the DSS core before introduction to a clinic, using the RCT data themselves.

Higher physical activity levels are related to faecal microbiota diversity and composition in young adults.

Increasing physical activity (PA) is recognised as an efficacious approach for preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, the composition of microorganisms living within the gut has been proposed as an important appropriate target for treating these diseases. Whether PA is related to faecal microbiota diversity and composition in humans remains to be ascertained.

More micrometastases, more recurrence? The role of qPCR of PSA mRNA in lymph nodes during prostatectomy.

Background And Objectives: Radical prostatectomy is a standard treatment for prostate cancer, yet about 30% of patients experience rising biochemical markers within a decade post-surgery. Pelvic lymph node sampling during prostatectomy assesses potential lymph node metastases, but standard histological assessments, which typically examine only 2-3 tissue sections, often miss occult metastases. This study assesses the effectiveness of qPCR in detecting PSA coding KLK3 mRNA for identifying lymph node metastases post-prostatectomy and explores the correlation between PSA-mRNA and biochemical recurrence.

Experimental economics for machine learning-a methodological contribution on lie detection.

In this paper, we investigate how technology has contributed to experimental economics in the past and illustrate how experimental economics can contribute to technological progress in the future. We argue that with machine learning (ML), a new technology is at hand, where for the first time experimental economics can contribute to enabling substantial improvement of technology. At the same time, ML opens up new questions for experimental research because it can generate previously impossible observations.

Tracing active members in microbial communities by BONCAT and click chemistry-based enrichment of newly synthesized proteins.

A comprehensive understanding of microbial community dynamics is fundamental to the advancement of environmental microbiology, human health, and biotechnology. Metaproteomics, defined as the analysis of all proteins present within a microbial community, provides insights into these complex systems. Microbial adaptation and activity depend to an important extent on newly synthesized proteins (nP), however, the distinction between nP and bulk proteins is challenging.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

The Effects of Reverse Nordic Exercise Training on Measures of Physical Fitness in Youth Karate Athletes.

In karate, the ability to execute high-velocity movements, particularly kicks and punches, is heavily dependent on the strength and power of the lower limb muscles, especially the knee extensors. As such, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week eccentric training program utilizing the reverse Nordic exercise (RNE) integrated into karate training compared with regular karate training only on measures of physical fitness in youth karate athletes. Twenty-seven youth karatekas were recruited and allocated to either RNE group (n = 13; age = 15.

Occupational adjustments and work ability of young adult cancer survivors: results from the AYA-Leipzig study.

Purpose: Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYA-CS) face a long working life after treatment, yet factors related to a successful return to work remain largely unexplored. We therefore aimed to investigate the use of occupational adjustments and their impact on work ability upon return to work.

Methods: As part of the AYA-LE study, we surveyed AYA-CS (aged 18-39 at diagnosis) who returned to work and assessed work ability (Work Ability Index) as well as use and benefit of occupational adjustments.

Pericytes and Extracellular Vesicle Interactions in Neurovascular Adaptation to Chronic Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Chronic arterial hypertension restructures the vascular architecture of the brain, leading to a series of pathological responses that culminate in cerebral small-vessel disease. Pericytes respond dynamically to vascular challenges; however, how they manifest under the continuous strain of hypertension has not been elucidated.

Methods And Results: In this study, we characterized pericyte behavior alongside hypertensive states in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat model, focusing on their phenotypic and metabolic transformation.

TRPC1 links calcium signaling to cellular senescence in the protection against post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) is a widely expressed mechanosensitive ion channel located within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, crucial for refilling depleted internal calcium stores during activation of calcium-dependent signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that TRPC1 activity is protective within cartilage homeostasis in the prevention of cellular senescence associated cartilage breakdown during mechanical and inflammatory challenge. We reveal that TRPC1 loss is associated with early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) and plays a non-redundant role in calcium signaling in chondrocytes.

Bioengineer mesenchymal stem cell for treatment of glioma by IL-12 mediated microenvironment reprogramming and nCD47-SLAMF7 mediated phagocytosis regulation of macrophages.

High expression of cellular self-activated immunosuppressive molecules and extensive infiltration of suppressive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are the main factors contributing to glioma's resistance to immunotherapy. Nonetheless, technology to modify the expression of glioma cellular self-molecules through gene editing requires further development. This project advances cell therapy strategies to reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma (TIME).

Prediction of severity of obstructive sleep apnea by awake impulse oscillometry.

Objective/background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease, which poses a significant health threat. Initial diagnostics with polygraphy or polysomnography are time consuming and expensive. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need for simplification, especially to exclude healthy patients from elaborate and unnecessary diagnostics.