Ancient Mitochondrial Gene Transfer between Fungi and the Orchids.

The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of plants are known to incorporate and accumulate DNA from intra- and extracellular donors. Despite the intimate relationships formed between flowing plants (angiosperms) and fungi, lengthy fungal-like sequence has not been identified in angiosperm mitogenomes to date. Here, we present multiple lines of evidence documenting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between the mitogenomes of fungi and the ancestors of the orchids, plants that are obligate parasites of fungi during their early development.

Supporting program rigor in newly developed specialty academic programs: Use of a self-evaluation reporting tool for emergency nurse practitioner academic programs.

The emergency nurse practitioner (ENP) specialty has grown rapidly, responding and adapting to changes in emergency care. Designation and advancement of nurse practitioner (NP) specialties follows a systematic process as defined by the profession. This includes establishment of scope and standards of practice, educational standards, and policy initiatives to ensure quality and safety within the profession.

Search for Sterile Neutrinos in MINOS and MINOS+ Using a Two-Detector Fit.

A search for mixing between active neutrinos and light sterile neutrinos has been performed by looking for muon neutrino disappearance in two detectors at baselines of 1.04 and 735 km, using a combined MINOS and MINOS+ exposure of 16.36×10^{20} protons on target.

Assessing stakeholder perceptions of the american society for biochemistry and molecular biology accreditation program for baccalaureate degrees.

The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) began an accreditation program in 2013. The criteria for accreditation of undergraduate programs include sufficient infrastructure - number and expertise of faculty, physical space and equipment, support for faculty and students - and incorporation of core concepts in the curriculum - structure and function of biomolecules; information storage; energy transfer; and quantitative skills. Students in accredited programs are able to have their degrees ASBMB certified by taking an exam focused on knowledge or skills across the four core concept areas.

A pressure-tuned Fabry Pérot interferometer for laser frequency stabilization and tuning.

We present a simple, inexpensive pressure-tuned Fabry Pérot interferometer which can be used to frequency stabilize and tune a laser when no suitable atomic reference is available. Our design, made largely from off-the-shelf parts, yields a tuning range of about 4 GHz and offers an absolute tuning accuracy of better than 1 MHz. The interferometer, which uses air as its working medium, is characterized by a low thermal drift rate of order 1 MHz per hour.

Visual and Microscopic Evaluation of Streptomyces Developmental Mutants.

Streptomycetes are filamentous soil bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria that are found throughout the world and produce a wide array of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites. Streptomyces coelicolor is a well-characterized, non-pathogenic species that is amenable to a variety of analyses in the lab. The phenotyping methods described here use S.

Attention reorganizes as structure is detected in dynamic action.

Once one sees a pattern, it is challenging to "unsee" it; discovering structure alters processing. Precisely what changes as this happens is unclear, however. We probed this question by tracking changes in attention as viewers discovered statistical patterns within unfolding event sequences.

Dog overpopulation and diagnosis of intestinal parasites on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos 2016.

Dog overpopulation and diseases are hazards to native island species and humans on the Galapagos. The main objective of the study reported here was to estimate the observed human:dog ratio on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos in September 2016. In addition, dog demographic data were used to model the expected annual dog population growth in the next 10 years.

Health Outcomes of Youth in the United States Exposed to Parental Incarceration: An Integrative Review.

Unlabelled: In the United States, parental incarceration (PI) has been increasingly recognized as an understudied adverse childhood experience. In response, a rapidly expanding body of research has begun to investigate the effects of PI on youth mental and physical health outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize recent quantitative evidence investigating the effects of PI on youths' mental and physical health outcomes.

Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis and Intertriginous Dermatitis as Nurse-Sensitive Quality Indicators: A Delphi Study.

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to determine whether consensus exists concerning the need to collect epidemiologic data about 2 forms of moisture-associated skin damage, incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) and intertriginous dermatitis (ITD), and whether these data should be part of data routinely collected as part of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI).

Design: Modified Delphi technique.

Sample And Setting: Questionnaires were sent via e-mail to 50 identified experts, with an initial response of 17.

Forces Generated by Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Medialis Decrease with Increasing Stair Descent Speed.

Stair descent (SD) is a common, difficult task for populations who are elderly or have orthopaedic pathologies. Joint torques of young, healthy populations during SD increase at the hip and ankle with increasing speed but not at the knee, contrasting torque patterns during gait. To better understand the sources of the knee torque pattern, we used dynamic simulations to estimate knee muscle forces and how they modulate center of mass (COM) acceleration across SD speeds (slow, self-selected, and fast) in young, healthy adults.

Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical function as a measure of stress in the endangered golden langur.

The golden langur (Trachypithecus geei) is an endangered primate endemic to northern India and Bhutan. The main stressors to the species are habitat degradation and fragmentation. Non-invasive fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) analysis is a powerful tool for assessing stress associated with environmental disturbances in wildlife.

Dynamic DNA Origami Device for Measuring Compressive Depletion Forces.

The ability to self-assemble nanodevices with programmed structural dynamics that can sense and respond to the local environment could enable transformative applications in fields including molecular robotics, nanomanufacturing, and nanomedicine. The responsive function of biomolecules is often driven by alterations in conformational distributions mediated by highly sensitive interactions with the local environment. Here, we mimic this approach by engineering inherent nanoscale structural dynamics (nanodynamics) into a DNA device that exhibits a distribution of conformations including two stable states separated by a transition state where the energy barrier height is on the scale of the thermal energy, kT = 4.

Automated Quantification of the Impact of Defects on the Mechanical Behavior of Deoxyribonucleic acid Origami Nanoplates.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami is a method for the bottom-up self-assembly of complex nanostructures for applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, nanopore technologies, and nanomechanical devices. Effective design of such nanostructures requires a good understanding of their mechanical behavior. While a number of studies have focused on the mechanical properties of DNA origami structures, considering defects arising from molecular self-assembly is largely unexplored.

Social calls provide novel insights into the evolution of vocal learning.

Learned song is among the best-studied models of animal communication. In oscine songbirds, where learned song is most prevalent, it is used primarily for intrasexual selection and mate attraction. Learning of a different class of vocal signals, known as contact calls, is found in a diverse array of species, where they are used to mediate social interactions among individuals.

Measuring Sustained Attention and Perceived Workload.

Objective: We examined the effects of spatial uncertainty, field dependence/independence (FD/I), and sex on vigilance performance and perceived workload in elementary school children.

Background: Building on previous work in which children demonstrated their ability to evaluate workload, we tested whether spatial-uncertainty manipulations in a vigilance task would elicit in children the same deleterious effects on performance and workload as it does with adults. We also examined individual difference effects associated with FD/I and sex to determine their influence on both performance and workload.

Physiological and Perceived Effects of Forearm or Head Cooling During Simulated Firefighting Activity and Rehabilitation.

Context:  Cooling devices aim to protect firefighters by attenuating a rise in body temperature. Devices for head cooling (HC) while firefighting and forearm cooling (FC) during rehabilitation (RHB) intervals are commonly marketed, but research regarding their efficacy is limited.

Objective:  To investigate the physiological and perceived effects of HC and FC during firefighting drills and RHB.

My Heart Made Me Do It: Children's Essentialist Beliefs About Heart Transplants.

Psychological essentialism is a folk theory characterized by the belief that a causal internal essence or force gives rise to the common outward behaviors or attributes of a category's members. In two studies, we investigated whether 4- to 7-year-old children evidenced essentialist reasoning about heart transplants by asking them to predict whether trading hearts with an individual would cause them to take on the donor's attributes. Control conditions asked children to consider the effects of trading money with an individual.

Effective Utilization of Computerized Curricular Assistive Tools in Improving NCLEX-RN Pass Rates for a Baccalaureate Nursing Program.

Achieving satisfactory first-time pass rates on the national nursing licensure examination represents a challenge for nursing programs across the United States. The consequences of examination failure for first-time test takers can be devastating, both emotionally and financially. Nursing programs are evaluated by national higher-education credentialing bodies and state boards of nursing based on the first-time pass rate of their students.

Limits on Active to Sterile Neutrino Oscillations from Disappearance Searches in the MINOS, Daya Bay, and Bugey-3 Experiments.

Searches for a light sterile neutrino have been performed independently by the MINOS and the Daya Bay experiments using the muon (anti)neutrino and electron antineutrino disappearance channels, respectively. In this Letter, results from both experiments are combined with those from the Bugey-3 reactor neutrino experiment to constrain oscillations into light sterile neutrinos. The three experiments are sensitive to complementary regions of parameter space, enabling the combined analysis to probe regions allowed by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) and MiniBooNE experiments in a minimally extended four-neutrino flavor framework.

Search for Sterile Neutrinos Mixing with Muon Neutrinos in MINOS.

We report results of a search for oscillations involving a light sterile neutrino over distances of 1.04 and 735 km in a ν_{μ}-dominated beam with a peak energy of 3 GeV. The data, from an exposure of 10.

Empowering Students in Transition.

The purpose of this study was to (a) identify potential benefits for students with disabilities taking part in a physical activity program with same-age typical peers on a Midwest university campus and (b) to determine if the program impacted the students with disabilities empowerment. Empowerment theory was used to determine how transition students' attitudes change over the course of the semester while participating in a workout buddy program with same-age college peers. The program was structured to provide a sense of empowerment to students to make their own decisions and learn for themselves so they do not feel a lack of power in their lives.