Evaluation of the Khorana score for prediction of venous thromboembolism in patients with multiple myeloma.

Background: Guidelines recommend thromboprophylaxis for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the optimal risk prediction model for VTE in MM remains unclear. Khorana et al developed a VTE risk score (Khorana score) in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Oral magnesium supplements for cancer treatment-induced hypomagnesemia: Results from a pilot randomized trial.

Background And Aims: Optimal management of cancer treatment-induced hypomagnesemia (hMg) is not known. We assessed the feasibility of using a novel pragmatic clinical trials model to compare two commonly used oral Mg replacement strategies.

Methods: Patients with grade 1 to 3 hMg while receiving either platinum-based chemotherapy or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRI) were randomized to oral magnesium oxide (MgOx) or oral magnesium citrate (MgCit).

Integrating socially accountable health professional education and learning health systems to transform community health and health systems.

A learning health system aims to create value in health systems using data-driven innovations, quality improvement techniques, and collaborations between health system partners. Although the concept is mobilized through cycles of learning, most instantiations of the learning health system overlook the importance of formalized learning in educational settings. Social accountability in health professional education focuses on measurably improving people's health and health care, specifically through education and training activities.

Health, social care and technological interventions to improve functional ability of older adults living at home: An evidence and gap map.

Background: By 2030, the global population of people older than 60 years is expected to be higher than the number of children under 10 years, resulting in major health and social care system implications worldwide. Without a supportive environment, whether social or built, diminished functional ability may arise in older people. Functional ability comprises an individual's intrinsic capacity and people's interaction with their environment enabling them to be and do what they value.

PROTOCOL: The effects of empowerment-based nutrition interventions on the nutritional status of women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries.

The systematic review will answer the follow research questions: (1) What is the effectiveness of different empowerment approaches employed within nutrition interventions on the nutritional status of women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries? (2) What implementation and contextual factors contribute to or detract from the effectiveness of these interventions?

A comprehensive review of prioritised interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of persons with lived experience of homelessness.

Background: Homelessness has emerged as a public health priority, with growing numbers of vulnerable populations despite advances in social welfare. In February 2020, the United Nations passed a historic resolution, identifying the need to adopt social-protection systems and ensure access to safe and affordable housing for all. The establishment of housing stability is a critical outcome that intersects with other social inequities.

Considerations for use of direct oral anticoagulants in arterial disease.

Cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease were responsible for an estimated 18 million deaths in 2017. Despite advances in management over the past several decades, these patients continue to have substantial risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. We provide a narrative review of randomized clinical trials evaluating direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, noncardioembolic ischemic stroke, embolic stroke of undetermined source, and peripheral arterial disease.

Thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban in patients with malignancy and central venous lines (TRIM-Line): A two-center open-label pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is an important risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with cancer. Routine use of primary thromboprophylaxis in this patient population is not currently recommended. We sought to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban (10 mg daily) to prevent VTE complications in this patient population.

Hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral outcomes in patients 75 years and older.

Background And Aim: Elderly patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have worse interferon-based treatment outcomes than young patients. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens have enabled the treatment of previously difficult-to-cure populations. There are few studies that specifically assess DAA treatment outcomes in patients over 75 years of age.

The methodological and reporting characteristics of Campbell reviews: A systematic review.

Background: The Campbell Collaboration undertakes systematic reviews of the effects of social and economic policies (interventions) to help policymakers, practitioners, and the public to make well-informed decisions about policy interventions. In 2010, the Cochrane Collaboration and the Campbell Collaboration developed a voluntary co-registration policy under the rationale to make full use of the shared interests and diverse expertise from different review groups within these two organizations. In order to promote the methodological quality and transparency of Campbell intervention reviews, the Methodological Expectations of Campbell Collaboration Intervention Reviews (MECCIR) were introduced in 2014 to guide Campbell reviewers.

White Matter Hyperintensities Mediate Impact of Dysautonomia on Cognition in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) present with a broad spectrum of nonmotor features including autonomic disorders. More severe autonomic dysfunction in PD is associated with increased cognitive deficits. The presence of cerebral small-vessel disease, measured by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, is also observed in patients with PD with faster cognitive decline.

PROTOCOL: When and how to replicate systematic reviews.

This is a protocol for a co-registered Cochrane and Campbell Review (Methodology). The objectives are as follows: To identify, describe and assess methods for: when to replicate a systematic review; how to replicate a systematic review.

Personal and Clinical Factors Associated with Older Drivers' Self-Awareness of Driving Performance.

Most older adults perceive themselves as good drivers; however, their perception may not be accurate, and could negatively affect their driving safety. This study examined the accuracy of older drivers' self-awareness of driving ability in their everyday driving environment by determining the concordance between the perceived (assessed by the Perceived Driving Ability [PDA] questionnaire) and actual (assessed by electronic Driving Observation Schedule [eDOS]) driving performance. One hundred and eight older drivers (male: 67.

Association Between Palliative Care and Death at Home in Adults With Heart Failure.

Background Palliative care is associated with improved symptom control and quality of life in people with heart failure. There is conflicting evidence as to whether it is associated with a greater likelihood of death at home in this population. The objective of this study was to describe the delivery of newly initiated palliative care services in adults who die with heart failure and measure the association between receipt of palliative care and death at home compared with those who did not receive palliative care.

Dissecting the Contemporary Clerkship: Theory-based Educational Trial of Videos Versus Lectures in Medical Student Education.

Background: Despite increasing use of the flipped classroom (FC) technique in undergraduate medical education, the benefit in learning outcomes over lectures is inconsistent. Best practices in preclass video design principles are rarely used, and it is unclear if videos can replace lectures in contemporary medical education.

Methods: We conducted a prospective quasi-experimental controlled educational study comparing theory-based videos to traditional lectures in a medical student curriculum.

Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics, quality of life and fitness in adolescents with obesity.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is often used to diagnose obesity in childhood and adolescence but has limitations as an index of obesity-related morbidity. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics (EOSS-P) is a clinical staging system that uses weight-related comorbidities to determine health risk in paediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of EOSS-P and BMI percentile with quality of life (QOL), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength in adolescents with obesity.

Understanding low adherence to an exercise program for adolescents with obesity: the HEARTY trial.

Introduction: Despite efforts to improve adherence to physical activity interventions in youth with obesity, low adherence and attrition remain areas of great concern.

Objective: The study was designed to determine which physiological and/or psychological factors predicted low adherence in adolescents with obesity enrolled in a 6-month exercise intervention study aimed to improve body composition.

Methods: Three hundred four adolescents with obesity aged 14-18 years who volunteered for the HEARTY (Healthy Eating Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth) randomized controlled trial completed physiological (body mass index, waist circumference, per cent body fat, resting metabolic rate and aerobic fitness) and psychological (body image, mood, self-esteem and self-efficacy) measures.

PROTOCOL: Health, social care and technological interventions to improve functional ability of older adults: Evidence and gap map.

This is a protocol for a Campbell Evidence and Gap Map. The objectives are to identify and assess the available evidence on health, social care and technological interventions to improve functional ability among older adults.