Touching! An Augmented Reality System for Unveiling Face Topography in Very Young Children.

Developmental body topography, particularly of the face, is a fundamental research topic in the current decade. However, empirical investigation of this topic for very young children faces a number of difficulties related to the task requirements and technical procedures. In this study, we developed a new task to study the spatially-sensed position of facial parts in a self-face recognition task for 2.

Public-Access Defibrillation and Survival of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Public vs. Residential Locations in Japan.

Background: This study assessed whether the dissemination of public-access defibrillation (PAD) at the population level is associated with an increase in neurologically favorable outcomes among patients experiencing ventricular fibrillation (VF) in public vs. residential locations in Japan.

Methods and results: We enrolled adult patients with bystander-witnessed VF between 2013 and 2015.

Effects of BARLEYmax and high-β-glucan barley line on short-chain fatty acids production and microbiota from the cecum to the distal colon in rats.

We investigated whether supplementation with the barley line BARLEYmax (Tantangara; BM), which contains three fermentable fibers (fructan, β-glucan, and resistant starch), modifies the microbiota in cecal and distal colonic digesta in addition to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production more favorably than supplementation with a high-β-glucan barley line (BG012; BG). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups that were fed an AIN-93G-based diet that contained 5% fiber provided by cellulose (control), BM or BG. Four weeks after starting the respective diets, the animals were sacrificed and digesta from the cecum, proximal colon and distal colon were collected and the SCFA concentrations were quantified.

Sex Disparities in Receipt of Bystander Interventions for Students Who Experienced Cardiac Arrest in Japan.

Importance: Bystander interventions are a factor for improving survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but it is hypothesized that girls and women experiencing OHCA may be less likely to receive bystander interventions than boys and men.

Objective: To investigate sex disparities in receiving public-access automated external defibrillator (AED) pad application and bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among students who experienced OHCA in school settings.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide cohort study used the Stop and Prevent Cardiac Arrest, Injury, and Trauma in Schools (SPIRITS) database to link databases from 2 nationally representative registries-the Injury and Accident Mutual Aid Benefit System of the Japan Sport Council and the All-Japan Utstein Registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency.

The association between public access defibrillation and outcome in witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with shockable rhythm.

Background: It is recommended globally that shocks by automated external defibrillators (AEDs) should be delivered immediately when a shockable out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurs. However, the actual time-interval from collapse to first shock by public-access AED and its impact on subsequent outcome has not been extensively investigated in real-world settings.

Methods: OHCA data from 2013 to 2015 were obtained from the All-Japan Utstein Registry.

Pelvic angiography is effective for emergency pediatric patients with pelvic fractures: a propensity-score-matching study with a nationwide trauma registry in Japan.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the implementation of pelvic angiography (PA) and outcome in emergency pediatric patients with pelvic fracture.

Methods: We extracted data on pelvic fracture patients aged ≤ 19 years between 2004 and 2015 from a nationwide trauma registry in Japan. The main outcome was hospital mortality.

Characteristics of Sports-Related Emergency Transport: A Population-Based Descriptive Study in Osaka City.

Background: Little is known about the characteristics of emergency patients transported to hospital while participating in sports activity. Hence, we identified characteristics of emergency patients transported to hospital by emergency medical service (EMS) while participating in sports activity in Osaka City.

Methods: Population-based ambulance records of Osaka Municipal Fire Department were reviewed.

Serum potassium level on hospital arrival and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: The CRITICAL study in Osaka, Japan.

Background: Little is known about the association between serum potassium level on hospital arrival and neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We investigated whether the serum potassium level on hospital arrival had prognostic indications for patients with OHCA.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter observational study conducted in Osaka, Japan (CRITICAL study) enrolled consecutive patients with OHCA transported to 14 participating institutions from 2012 to 2016.

Location of arrest and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among children in the public-access defibrillation era in Japan.

Background: Our objective was to assess the characteristics such as public-access defibrillation (PAD) by laypersons and the outcomes after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by location in the PAD era.

Methods: From a nationwide, prospective, population-based registry of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Japan, we enrolled consecutive pediatric patients aged ≤17 years before emergency medical service (EMS) arrival between 2013 and 2015. The primary outcome measure was 1-month survival, with favorable neurologic outcome defined as cerebral performance category 1 or 2.

Full Moon and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Japan - Population-Based, Double-Controlled Case Series Analysis.

It is commonly believed that a full moon affects human behavior or the occurrence and outcome of various diseases; thus, the occurrence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) might increase during full moon nights. This nationwide, population-based observational study consecutively enrolled OHCA patients in Japan with attempted resuscitation between 2005 and 2016. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of OHCA.

Outcomes of Patients 65 Years or Older After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Based on Location of Cardiac Arrest in Japan.

Importance: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health issue, and in recent years, the number of OHCAs among the elderly population, aged 65 years or older, has significantly increased in developed countries.

Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients 65 years or older who experienced OHCA based on the location-public, residential, or nursing home-where it occurred in Japan.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study used information collected by the All-Japan Utstein Registry to examine data from 293 615 patients 65 years or older who experienced OHCA during the period from January 2013 to December 2015 in Japan.

Sex-Based Disparities in Receiving Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Location of Cardiac Arrest in Japan.

Objective: To assess whether sex-based disparities occur by location of arrest in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR).

Patients And Methods: This secondary analysis of the All-Japan Utstein Registry included patients 18 years and older with OHCA of medical origin in public or residential locations, witnessed by bystanders, from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2015. We assessed the likelihood of receiving BCPR based on sex differences and by arrest location.

Association of dietary diversity with total mortality and major causes of mortality in the Japanese population: JPHC study.

Background/objectives: Eating a variety of foods has been recommended in the dietary guidelines of many developed nations, as well as global dietary guidelines. We investigated the potential effect of dietary diversity on the risk of total mortality and major causes of mortality in a large-scale cohort study involving the Japanese population.

Subjects/methods: From 1995 to 2012, 79,904 participants (37,240 men and 42,664 women) aged 45 to 74 years, without histories of ischemic heart disease, stroke, or cancer were followed-up for a median of 14.

Pre-hospital advanced airway management for adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: nationwide cohort study.

Objective: To determine survival associated with advanced airway management (AAM) compared with no AAM for adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Design: Cohort study between January 2014 and December 2016.

Setting: Nationwide, population based registry in Japan (All-Japan Utstein Registry).

Effect of High β-glucan Barley on Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance: Assessment by Meal Tolerance Test and Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.

The effect of white rice (WR) mixed with high β-glucan-containing barley at 50% on improvement of postprandial blood glucose levels was assessed by meal tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in 15 healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance (age 31.6 ± 12.9 years old, 4 males and 11 females).

Prehospital factors associated with death on hospital arrival after traffic crash in Japan: a national observational study.

Objective: Although it is important to assess prehospital factors associated with traffic crash fatalities to decrease them as a matter of public health, such factors have not been fully revealed.

Methods: Using data from the Japanese Trauma Data Bank, a large hospital-based trauma registry in Japan, we retrospectively analysed traffic crash patients transported to participating facilities that treated patients with severe trauma from 2004 to 2015. This study defined registered emergency patients whose systolic blood pressure was 0 mm Hg or heart rate was 0 bpm at hospital arrival as being in prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA).

Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest at Home in Japan.

Although majority of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) occur in private residential locations, that is, at home, the details of emergency patients with OHCAs occurring at home have not been sufficiently investigated at the national level. We obtained data of OHCA cases from the All-Japan Utstein Registry, including detailed information of the location of cardiac arrest. Cases of OHCA occurring at home from 2013 to 2015 were included.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by off-duty medical professionals versus laypersons and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among adult patients.

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by bystanders is a key factor for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CPR performed by off-duty medical professionals vs. laypersons and one-month survival with favorable neurological outcome after OHCA.

Sex Differences in Receiving Layperson Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan.

Background Layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) is a crucial intervention for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest ( OHCA ). Although a sex disparity in receiving layperson CPR (ie, female patients were less likely to receive layperson CPR ) has been reported in adults, there are few data in the pediatric population, and we therefore investigated sex differences in receiving layperson CPR in pediatric patients with OHCA . Methods and Results From the All-Japan Utstein Registry, a prospective, nationwide, population-based OHCA database, we included pediatric patients (≤17 years) with layperson-witnessed OHCA from 2005 through 2015.

Effect of Wheat Bran on Fecal Butyrate-Producing Bacteria and Wheat Bran Combined with Barley on Abundance in Japanese Healthy Adults.

Wheat bran (WB) is rich in insoluble arabinoxylan, while BARLEYmax (BM) is a barley line that is rich in fructan, resistant starch, and β-glucan. In the present study, we investigated which of these two fiber sources would produce more favorable changes in the fecal variables of healthy subjects. Sixty healthy subjects were randomly divided into four groups ( = 15 per group) and fed twice daily for 4 weeks with baked cereal bars containing neither WB nor BM (WB-BM-), WB without BM (WB+BM-), BM without WB (WB-BM+), or WB and BM (WB+BM+).

Public-access automated external defibrillation and bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation in schools: a nationwide investigation in Japan.

Aims: We aimed to reveal the effects of application of public-access automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on survival of paediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring on school campuses in Japan.

Methods And Results: Data were obtained from a nationwide prospective observational study of paediatric OHCAs in school settings in Japan, termed Stop and Prevent cardIac aRrest, Injury, and Trauma in Schools (SPIRITS). Non-traumatic OHCA patients from elementary school, junior high school, and high school/technical college between April 2008 and December 2015 were enrolled.

Effects of the fungicide ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) on the early development of sea urchin eggs.

In this study, we assessed the impact of imidazole fungicide ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) on the early development of a marine invertebrate, the sea urchin, a marine bioindicator. Fungicides are widely used and have been reported to accumulate not only in farm soil but also in freshwater and seawater sediments. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the effects of OPP on marine environments.