Barley consumption under a high-fat diet suppresses lipogenic genes through altered intestinal bile acid composition.

We evaluated whether barley flour consumption in a high-fat environment affects lipid metabolism through signals mediated by bile acids. Four-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cellulose (HC) or β-glucan-rich barley flour (HB) for 12 weeks. Bile acid composition in the intestinal tract and feces was measured by GC/MS.

Association of normal weight obesity with lifestyle and dietary habits in young Thai women: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The risk of lifestyle-related diseases in normal weight obesity (NWO), a condition, in which the body mass index (BMI) is normal but the body fat mass is high, has attracted a lot of attention. However, there are no reports on the association between NWO and lifestyle, eating habits, and other health risks in Thai people. BMI alone cannot be used to identify individuals with NWO; thus, some students with NWO develop metabolic abnormalities without receiving any intervention.

Wider Dissemination of Simplified Chest Compression-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Combined With Conventional Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training and 10-Year Trends in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystanders in a City.

Background: Little is known about how to effectively increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), so we evaluated the 10-year trend of the proportion of bystander CPR in an area with wide dissemination of chest compression-only CPR (CCCPR) training combined with conventional CPR training.

Methods and results: We conducted a descriptive study after a community intervention, using a prospective cohort from September 2010 to December 2019. The intervention consisted of disseminating CCCPR training combined with conventional CPR training in Toyonaka City since 2010.

Dose-Response Relationship of Physical Activity with All-Cause Mortality among Older Adults: An Umbrella Review.

Objectives: To examine the dose-response relationship between physical activity (PA) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, specifically among older adults.

Design: Umbrella review.

Setting And Participants: Eligible studies included systematic reviews with meta-analyses that investigated the association of aerobic PA, muscle-strengthening activity, and multicomponent PA, including exercise programs (such as aerobic, muscle strengthening, and balance training), with all-cause and CVD mortality among older adults aged ≥60 years.

Nursing Care for Spiritual Pain in Terminal Cancer Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: Spiritual well-being is important for terminal cancer patients; however, appropriate interventions remain to be established.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care to alleviate spiritual pain in daily clinical practice using a Spiritual Pain Assessment Sheet-based spiritual care program for nurses (SpiPas-SCP-N).

Methods: A nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted in five palliative care units in Japan.

Outcome assessment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Singapore and Japan with initial shockable rhythm.

Background: Singapore and Osaka in Japan have comparable population sizes and prehospital management; however, the frequency of ECPR differs greatly for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with initial shockable rhythm. Given this disparity, we hypothesized that the outcomes among the OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm in Singapore were different from those in Osaka. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm in Singapore compared to the expected outcomes derived from Osaka data using machine learning-based prediction models.

Timing of computed tomography imaging in adult patients with severe trauma: A nationwide cohort study in Japan.

Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) has become essential for the management of trauma patients. However, appropriate timing of CT acquisition remains undetermined. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between time to CT acquisition and mortality among adult patients with severe trauma.

Effect of digital messages from health professionals on COVID-19-related outcomes: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Effectiveness of health professionals' messages via digital tools on COVID-19-related outcomes remains unknown. In this systematic review, we examined this issue by searching randomized controlled trials in six databases until August, 2022 (PROSPERO, CRD 42022350788). Risk of bias was assessed using revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Annual patterns in the outcomes and post-arrest care for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide multicenter prospective registry in Japan.

Aim: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has a poor prognosis in children; however, the annual patterns of prognosis and treatment have not been fully investigated.

Methods: From the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine OHCA registry, a multicenter prospective observational registry in Japan, we identified pediatric patients (zero to 17 years old) between June 2014 and December 2019. The primary outcome was one-month survival.

Identification of Language-Induced Mental Load from Eye Behaviors in Virtual Reality.

Experiences of virtual reality (VR) can easily break if the method of evaluating subjective user states is intrusive. Behavioral measures are increasingly used to avoid this problem. One such measure is eye tracking, which recently became more standard in VR and is often used for content-dependent analyses.

Changes in functional brain activity patterns associated with computer programming learning in novices.

Background: Computer programming, the process of designing, writing, and testing executable computer code, is an essential skill in numerous fields. A description of the neural structures engaged and modified during programming skill acquisition could help improve training programs and provide clues to the neural substrates underlying the acquisition of related skills.

Methods: Fourteen female university students without prior computer programing experience were examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the early and late stages of a 5-month 'Computer Processing' course.

The Association Between Eating Quickly and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain.

Objectives: Maintaining an appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) is essential for a safe pregnancy and delivery. This study aimed to determine the association between the habit of eating quickly and the risk of excessive GWG.

Methods: We administered a questionnaire on eating habits to 1246 pregnant Japanese women in their second to third trimesters.

Chemical species of cesium and iodine in condensed vaporized microparticles formed by melting nuclear fuel components with concrete materials.

In this study, we report chemical species of Cs and I in condensed vaporized particles (CVPs) produced by melting experiments using nuclear fuel components containing CsI with concrete. Analyses of CVPs by SEM with EDX showed the formation of many round particles containing Cs and I of diameters less than ∼20 μm. X-ray absorption near-edge-structure and SEM-EDX analyses showed two kinds of particles: one containing large amounts of Cs and I, suggesting the presence of CsI, and the other containing small amounts of Cs and I with large Si content.

Influence of wearing complete dentures on control of head position during walking in edentulous older adults.

Background: Coordination between the trunk and head is considered important for walking stability. Recent studies have reported that wearing complete dentures could improve trunk stability during walking; however, its effect on the head has not been clarified.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the effect of complete dentures on head stability during walking in edentulous older adults.

Development of University of Tokyo's eating disorders inventory in female athletes.

Aims: This study aimed to develop a scale to screen for eating disorders in female athletes.

Methods: Preliminary survey: A total of 275 female athletes (mean age: 19.4 ± 1.

Effects of Milk Amazake on Skin Elasticity, Hydration, and Transepidermal Water Loss: An 8-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Amazakes made from rice and koji mold are rich in nutrients, such as groups of vitamin B, minerals, essential amino acids, and oligosaccharides, and can improve skin moisturization. However, there are few reports on milk amazake, made from milk and koji mold. Therefore, in this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we investigate the effect of milk amazake on skin function.

[Analysis of Free Pantothenic Acid in Foods by HPLC and LC-MS/MS].

A simple and reliable analytical method has been developed for the determination of pantothenic acid in food. For the high-protein food, 20 mL of water was added to 2 g of sample, and after homogenization extraction, 1 mL of 15% zinc sulfate solution was added, mixed well, centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered to make the test solution. For the low-protein food, 20 mL of 1% formic acid solution was added to 2 g of sample, homogenized, extracted, centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered to make the test solution.