A Real-World Comparison of 1-Year Survival and Expenditures for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacements: SAPIEN 3 Versus CoreValve Versus Evolut R.

Objectives: New versions of balloon-expandable and self-expandable valves for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have been developed, but few studies have examined the outcomes associated with these devices using national-level data. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical and economic outcomes of TAVR for aortic stenosis in Japan through an analysis of real-world data.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed using data from patients with aortic stenosis who had undergone transfemoral TAVR with Edwards SAPIEN 3, Medtronic CoreValve, or Medtronic Evolut R valves throughout Japan from April 2016 to March 2018.

Ingestion of High β-Glucan Barley Flour Enhances the Intestinal Immune System of Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Prebiotic Effects.

The prebiotic effect of high β-glucan barley (HGB) flour on the innate immune system of high-fat model mice was investigated. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with HGB flour for 90 days. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the cecum and serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Changes in percutaneous coronary intervention practice in Japan during the COVID-19 outbreak: LIFE Study.

Aim: The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had widespread effects on clinical practice, and is reportedly associated with reduced percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rates in the US and Italy. This study aimed to ascertain the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on PCI practice in Japan.

Methods: In a retrospective analysis of claims data from National Health Insurance and Later-Stage Elderly Healthcare System enrollees in Kobe City, Japan, we examined the changes in PCI incidence before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Epinephrine administration for adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with refractory shockable rhythm: time-dependent propensity score-sequential matching analysis from a nationwide population-based registry.

Aims: Little is known about the effect of prehospital epinephrine administration in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with refractory shockable rhythm, for whom initial defibrillation was unsuccessful.

Methods And Results: This study using Japanese nationwide population-based registry included all adult OHCA patients aged ≥18 years with refractory shockable rhythm between January 2014 and December 2017. Patients with or without epinephrine during cardiac arrest were sequentially matched using a risk set matching based on the time-dependent propensity scores within the same minute.

High β-Glucan Barley Supplementation Improves Glucose Tolerance by Increasing GLP-1 Secretion in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.

The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism for the improvement of glucose tolerance following intake of high β-glucan barley (HGB) in terms of intestinal metabolism. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a fatty diet supplemented with HGB corresponding to 5% of dietary fiber for 83 days. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of the experimental period.

Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on bystander interventions, emergency medical service activities, and patient outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Osaka City, Japan.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may have negatively affected bystander interventions, emergency medical service (EMS) personnel activities, and patient outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study assessed bystander interventions, EMS activities, and patient outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic era and compared them with those during the non-COVID-19 pandemic era in Osaka City, Japan, where public-access automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are well established.

Methods: We conducted this population-based cohort study that included all cases with non-traumatic OHCA treated by EMS personnel and excluded cases with no resuscitation attempt, traumatic cases, cases occurring in healthcare facilities, or cases witnessed by EMS personnel.

Effect of fluid administration on scene to traffic accident patients by EMS personnel: a propensity score-matched study using population-based ambulance records and nationwide trauma registry in Japan.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fluid administration by emergency life-saving technicians (ELST) on the prognosis of traffic accident patients by using a propensity score (PS)-matching method.

Methods: The study included traffic accident patients registered in the JTDB database from January 2016 to December 2017. The main outcome was hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was cardiopulmonary arrest on hospital arrival (CPAOA).

Low Molecular Weight Barley β-Glucan Affects Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Prebiotic Effects.

We investigated the effect of low molecular weight barley β-glucan (LMW-BG) on cecal fermentation, glucose, and lipid metabolism through comparisons to high molecular weight β-glucan (HMW-BG). C57BL/6J male mice were fed a moderate-fat diet for 61 days. LMW-BG or HMW-BG was added to the diet corresponding to 4% β-glucan.

Characteristics and outcome of patients triaged by telephone and transported by ambulance: a population-based study in Osaka, Japan.

Aim: Details such as diagnosis and outcome of patients transported by ambulance after telephone triage have not been fully revealed. The aim of this study was to reveal profile and outcome about patients transported by ambulance via telephone triage with dataset of telephone triage and population-based registry for emergency patients.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive study with a one-year study period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 included patients selected from the telephone triage dataset who were transported by ambulance.

Effects of β-glucan Rich Barley Flour on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in the Ileum, Liver, and Adipose Tissues of High-Fat Diet Induced-Obesity Model Male Mice Analyzed by DNA Microarray.

We evaluated whether intake of β-glucan-rich barley flour affects expression levels of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in the ileum, liver, and adipose tissues of mice fed a high-fat diet. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with high β-glucan barley, for 92 days. We measured the expression levels of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in the ileum, liver, and adipose tissues using DNA microarray and q-PCR.

Use of heated tobacco products in smoke-free locations in Japan: the JASTIS 2019 study.

Objective: We aimed to examine the use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in locations where cigarette smoking was not allowed, and to explore the factors associated with such use among Japanese HTP users.

Methods: An internet-based self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted in 2019 as part of the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey. The study subjects were respondents who self-reported having used HTPs in the last year.

Assessment of the interaction effect between injury regions in multiple injuries: A nationwide cohort study in Japan.

Background: There have been no clinical studies to sufficiently reveal the interaction effect generated by combinations of injury regions of multiple injuries. We hypothesized that certain combinations of trauma regions might lead to increased risk of traumatic death and aimed to verify this hypothesis using a nationwide trauma registry in Japan.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of trauma patients registered in the Japan Trauma Data Bank between 2004 and 2017.

Trends and outcomes of blunt renal trauma management: a nationwide cohort study in Japan.

Background: There is a paucity of information for predicting patient outcomes other than the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the patient characteristics and outcomes of patients with blunt renal trauma using a nationwide database in Japan.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) from 2004 to 2018.

Abdominal angiography is associated with reduced in-hospital mortality among pediatric patients with blunt splenic and hepatic injury: A propensity-score-matching study from the national trauma registry in Japan.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the implementation of abdominal angiography and outcome among pediatric patients with blunt splenic or hepatic injury.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, with a study period of 14 years, from January 2004 to December 2017. Blunt-trauma patients with splenic or hepatic injury who were less than 19 years old were included in this study.

Differences in Elderly and Non-Elderly Outpatient Subjective Evaluation of "Easy-to-Eat Meals" after Dental Treatment.

Dental treatment improves the experience of eating by healing illnesses in the oral cavity or through the installation of special devices. However, mastication can often prove difficult for short periods of time after dental treatment, potentially limiting the types of food that can be consumed. Therefore, we proposed a highly nutritious meal strategy for dental outpatients (hereafter, "easy-to-eat meals").

C-type lectin Mincle mediates cell death-triggered inflammation in acute kidney injury.

Accumulating evidence indicates that cell death triggers sterile inflammation and that impaired clearance of dead cells causes nonresolving inflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) senses renal tubular cell death to induce sustained inflammation after acute kidney injury in mice. Mincle-deficient mice were protected against tissue damage and subsequent atrophy of the kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The relationship between seasonal influenza and telephone triage for fever: A population-based study in Osaka, Japan.

Background: Replacing traditional surveillance with syndromic surveillance is one of the major interests in public health. However, it is unclear whether the number of influenza patients is associated with the number of telephone triages in Japan.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted over the six-year period between January 2012 to December 2017.

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on an emergency medical service system: a population-based, descriptive study in Osaka, Japan.

Aim: Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was confirmed in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic has spread around the world. However, no clinical studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency medical service (EMS) systems have been carried out.

Methods: This was a retrospective study with a study period from 1 January 2020 to 14 April 2020.

Ecological study on the penetration of induction heating cookers and birth outcomes in Japan.

In recent years, equipment that generates intermediate-frequency electromagnetic fields (IF-EMFs) has become increasingly prevalent, and the influence of IF-EMFs on human health is thus attracting increasing attention. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing whether there is a relationship between the penetration of induction heating cookers and birth outcomes using an ecological study design at the prefectural level. We created data sets for all 47 prefectures in Japan using previously published statistics.

Incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in nursery schools and kindergartens in Japan.

Background: A better understanding of the epidemiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring in nursery schools and kindergartens is indispensable to establish an evidence-based strategy for prevention and improved outcomes. This study aimed to describe the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of pediatric OHCAs that occurred in certified nursery schools and kindergartens.

Methods: Stop and Prevent cardIac aRrest, Injury, and Trauma in Schools (SPIRITS) is a study to construct and analyze a nationwide registry of pediatric OHCAs occurring in school settings in Japan.

Effectiveness of a digital device providing real-time visualized tooth brushing instructions: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The aim of this trial was to investigate whether a digital device that provides real-time visualized brushing instructions would contribute to the removal of dental plaque over usual brushing instructions.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, parallel-group, stratified permuted block randomized control trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Eligibility criteria included people aged ≥ 18 years, and exclude people who met the following criteria: severely crowded teeth; using interdental cleaning implement; having external injury in the oral cavity, or stomatitis; having less than 20 teeth; using orthodontic apparatus; visited to a dental clinic; having the possibility of consulting a dental clinic; having a dental license; not owning a smartphone or tablet device; smoker; taken antibiotics; pregnant; an allergy to the staining fluid; and employee of Sunstar Inc.

Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and neurological outcome after adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by location of arrest.

Background: Little is known about the association between prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration for adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and outcome by the location of arrests. This study aimed to investigate the association between prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and one-month survival with favourable neurological outcome.

Methods: We analysed 276,391 adults aged 18 years and older with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of medical origin before emergency medical service arrival.

Relationship between the number of pediatric patients with rotavirus and telephone triage for associated symptoms.

Background: Earlier syndromic surveillance may be effective in preventing the spread of infectious disease. However, there has been no research on syndromic surveillance for rotavirus. The study aimed to assess the relationship between the incidence of rotavirus infections and the number of telephone triages for associated symptoms in pediatric patients under 4 years old in Osaka prefecture, Japan.