Cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and favorable neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide multicenter observational study in Japan (the JAAM-OHCA registry).

Objective: We aimed to assess the association between cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR duration) and outcomes after OHCA.

Methods: This secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter, observational study included adult non-traumatic OHCA patients aged ≥ 18 years between June 2014 and December 2017. CPR duration was defined as the time from professional CPR initiation to the time of return of spontaneous circulation or termination of resuscitation.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Prehospital Intervention and Survival of Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Osaka City, Japan.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may have influenced the prehospital emergency care and deaths of individuals experiencing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods and results: We analyzed the registry data of 2,420 and 2,371 OHCA patients in Osaka City, Japan in 2019 and 2020, respectively, according to the 3 waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient outcomes were compared using multivariable logistic regression analyses with the 2019 data as the reference.

Perturbation of monoamine metabolism and enhanced fear responses in mice defective in the regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin.

Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of peripheral amino acid metabolism in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, whereas the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a cofactor for enzymes that catalyze phenylalanine metabolism, monoamine synthesis, nitric oxide production, and lipid metabolism. BH4 is synthesized from guanosine triphosphate and regenerated by quinonoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR), which catalyzes the reduction of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin.

Dissemination of Chest Compression-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Bystanders for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Students: A Nationwide Investigation in Japan.

We aimed to investigate how the types of bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) among students have changed recently. We also determined the association between two types of bystander-CPRs (i.e.

Epidemiology and Outcome of Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest after Traffic Collision in Japan: A Population-Based Study.

The epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) following traffic collisions have not been adequately investigated in Japan. We analyzed the All-Japan Utstein Registry data of 918 pediatric patients aged <20 years with OHCAs following traffic collisions who were resuscitated by bystanders or emergency medical service personnel and were subsequently transported to hospitals between 2013 and 2019. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors potentially associated with 1-month survival after OHCA.

Survival Trends in Adults with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests after Traffic Collisions in Japan: A Population-Based Study.

The 1-month survival rate from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of cardiac origin has reportedly improved recently, at ≥5%. However, the characteristics of patients with OHCA after a traffic collision have not been adequately evaluated in Japan. We analyzed the All-Japan Utstein Registry data of 12,577 adult patients aged ≥ 20 years with OHCA due to traffic collisions who were resuscitated by emergency medical service personnel or bystanders and were then transported to medical institutions between 2013 and 2019.

An Association of Influenza Epidemics in Children With Mobile App Data: Population-Based Observational Study in Osaka, Japan.

Background: Early surveillance to prevent the spread of influenza is a major public health concern. If there is an association of influenza epidemics with mobile app data, it may be possible to forecast influenza earlier and more easily.

Objective: We aimed to assess the relationship between seasonal influenza and the frequency of mobile app use among children in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.

Assessing the impact of the national traffic safety campaign: a nationwide cohort study in Japan.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the difference in mortality from serious road traffic injuries during the National Traffic Safety Campaign compared with other periods and identify the common mechanisms of injury by age group in Japan.

Design: A retrospective review of Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB).

Setting: A total of 280 participating major emergency institutions across Japan.

Relationship between in-hospital mortality and abdominal angiography among patients with blunt liver injuries: a propensity score-matching from a nationwide trauma registry of Japan.

Aim: To assess relationships between abdominal angiography and outcomes in adults with blunt liver injuries.

Methods: A retrospective observational study carried out from January 2004 to December 2018. Adult blunt-trauma patients with AAST grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ were analyzed with in-hospital mortality as the primary outcome using propensity-score-(PS) matching to seek associations with abdominal angiography findings.

Beta-Glucan in Foods and Health Benefits.

Many articles and manuscripts focusing on the structure, function, mechanism of action, and effects of β-glucan have been published recently [...

Risk factors for pneumococcal disease in persons with chronic medical conditions: Results from the LIFE Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for pneumococcal disease.

Methods: The study was performed using insurance claims data from the residents of 12 Japanese municipalities. Based on recorded diagnoses, we identified chronic medical conditions in each patient between April 2015 and March 2016 and examined the subsequent occurrence of a pneumococcal disease from April 2016 onward.

Relationship between Maternal Mood Disorders and Dietary Intake of 3-Year-Olds.

Maternal depression affects parenting and children's early development, but its effect on dietary intake is unknown. While husbands' involvement in parenting and having friends to talk to may reduce childcare stress, this has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, mothers were stratified by the presence or absence of mood disorders, and the effects of support from their husbands and friends on the dietary intake of their 3-year-old children were examined.

Patient age affects sex-based differences in post-traumatic mortality: a national trauma registry study in Japan.

Purpose: Sex-based differences in post-traumatic mortality have been widely discussed for quite some time. We hypothesized that age-related pathophysiologic changes would affect sex-based differences in post-traumatic mortality and aimed to verify the hypothesis using a nationwide trauma registry in Japan.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of trauma patients registered in The Japanese Trauma Data Bank.

Microarray Analysis of Paramylon, Isolated from Euglena Gracilis EOD-1, and Its Effects on Lipid Metabolism in the Ileum and Liver in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

We previously showed that supplementation of a high fat diet with paramylon (PM) reduces the postprandial glucose rise, serum total and LDL cholesterol levels, and abdominal fat accumulation in mice. The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of PM using microarray analysis. Male mice (C57BL/BL strain) were fed an experimental diet (50% fat energy) containing 5% PM isolated from EOD-1 for 12 weeks.

Impact of medical reimbursement revision on ambulance transport of self-inflicted injury patients: a nationwide study in Japan.

Aim: Self-inflicted injury, as one reason to visit the emergency department, is an important issue in emergency medicine around the world. However, the impact of changes in social systems, such as medical reimbursement revision, on ambulance transport for self-inflicted injury remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of medical reimbursement revision on the emergency transport of self-inflicted injury patients using nationwide ambulance records.

Characteristics and outcomes of pediatric blunt renal trauma: a nationwide cohort study in Japan.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe epidemiologic features of pediatric blunt renal trauma.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using the Japan Trauma Data Bank over 15 years. We included patients younger than 18 years with blunt renal trauma.

Timing of Prehospital Advanced Airway Management for Adult Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan.

Background The timing of advanced airway management (AAM) on patient outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has not been fully investigated. We evaluated the association between the timing of prehospital AAM and 1-month survival. Methods and Results We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective, nationwide, population-based out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry in Japan.

[Current status and intention to change indoor smoking rules by enforcing smoke-free legislation in Japan].

Objective　In Japan, the revised Health Promotion Act and the Tokyo Metropolitan Ordinance to Prevent Exposure to Second-hand Smoke have been in place since April 1, 2020. However, regional differences in the prohibition of smoking in restaurants have raised concerns that some restaurants are not regulated by the smoke-free legislation. In addition, outdoor smoking rules have been in place in municipalities prior to the smoke-free legislation, so smoking outside restaurants may occur, and this may obstruct progress in the prohibition of smoking.

A Mobile App for Self-Triage for Pediatric Emergency Patients in Japan: 4 Year Descriptive Epidemiological Study.

Background: When children suffer sudden illness or injury, many parents wonder whether they should go to the hospital immediately or call an ambulance. In 2015, we developed a mobile app that allows parents or guardians to determine the urgency of their child's condition or call an ambulance and that indicates available hospitals and clinics when their child is suddenly sick or injured by simple selection of the child's chief complaints and symptoms. However, the effectiveness of medical apps used by the general public has not been well evaluated.

Effects of Daily Kelp () Intake on Body Composition, Serum Lipid Levels, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Healthy Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study.

To investigate whether supplementation with iodine-reduced kelp () powder decreases body fat composition in overweight Japanese subjects, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in 50 Japanese subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and <30 kg/m. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume thirty tablets/d (10 tablets orally, 3 times/d) containing either iodine-reduced kelp powder (test, 6 g kelp powder corresponding to 3 g alginate/d) or kelp-free powder (placebo) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipids, and serum thyroid hormone levels were obtained before and after the trial.

Macrophages rely on extracellular serine to suppress aberrant cytokine production.

A growing body of evidence indicates that cellular metabolism is involved in immune cell functions, including cytokine production. Serine is a nutritionally non-essential amino acid that can be generated by de novo synthesis and conversion from glycine. Serine contributes to various cellular responses, but the role in inflammatory responses remains poorly understood.

The contingency symmetry bias (affirming the consequent fallacy) as a prerequisite for word learning: A comparative study of pre-linguistic human infants and chimpanzees.

Humans are known to possess an "affirming the consequent fallacy," which assumes that a learned contingency holds true even when the order is reversed. In contrast, non-human animals do not fall for this fallacy, as they do not have the contingency symmetry bias. Importantly, language is founded on the symmetrical relationship between symbols and referents, and the contingency symmetry bias plays a key role in word learning.

Association Between Resuscitative Time on the Scene and Survival After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

The optimal timing for transporting pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who do not achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the association between resuscitation time on the scene and 1-month survival. Data from the All-Japan Utstein Registry from 2013 through 2015 for 3,756 pediatric OHCA patients (age <18 years) who did not achieve ROSC prior to departing the scene were analyzed.