Interleukin-6 is essential for Staphylococcal exotoxin B-induced T regulatory cell insufficiency in nasal polyps.

Background: The pathogenesis of nasal polyps is still unclear. There is increasing evidence indicating that Staphylococcal aureus (S. aureus) is associated with the formation of nasal polyps, but the mechanism has not been well documented to date.

[Clinical outcome of conservative treatment for pharyngocutaneous fistula].

Objective: To analyze the conservative management and outcomes of pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy.

Method: Twenty-one patients with postoperative fistulas were identified and treated by conservative therapy.

Result: Different treatment were given basing on the three stages of pharyngocutaneous fistula: drainage and cleaning stage, pressure bandaging stage and healing stage.

Overproduction of cyclin D1 is dependent on activated mTORC1 signal in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: implication for therapy.

Activated mTOR was implicated to play a role in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the mechanism of activated mTOR/Complex1(mTORC1) signaling pathway in NPC development has not been well established. In this study, we correlated the expression of mTORC1 signal molecules and Cyclin D1 in NPC.

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of airflow in the normal nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Background: This study aimed to investigate airflow velocity, trace, distribution, and air pressure, as well as the airflow exchange between the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus in a normal subject using computational fluid dynamics.

Methods: Fluent software is used to simulate nasal cavity and paranasal sinus structure after CT scanning of a normal adult subject. Airflow velocity, pressure, distribution, and trace lines were calculated by Navier-Stokes equation and numerically visualized.

[Effect of RNA interference mediated gene silencing of DJ-1 on proliferation of laryngeal carcinoma cell line Hep-2].

Objective: To assess the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing of DJ-1 on the proliferation of human laryngeal carcinoma cell line Hep-2.

Methods: Three siRNA sequences specific to DJ-1 gene were synthesized according to GenBank. Human laryngeal carcinoma cell line Hep-2 was cultured and divided into 4 groups: non-specific group (siRNA control) and 3 RNAi groups, transfected with specific DJ-1 siRNA (siRNA1, siRNA2, siRNA3).

Expression of T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-1 (TIM-1) is increased in a mouse model of asthma and relationship to GATA-3.

It has been suggested that T-cell immunoglobulin-and mucin-domain-containing molecule-1 (TIM-1) plays an important role in the development of allergic asthma, though its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our aim was to examine the expression of TIM-1 and Th2-associated transcription factor GATA-3 in asthmatic mice, and to evaluate the correlation of TIM-1 and GATA-3 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. We examined TIM-1 expression in lung tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of asthmatic mice by real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively; we also investigated TIM-1 and GATA-3 expression in the spleen tissue of asthmatic mice by western blot.

Possible role of transforming growth factor beta and interleukin-4 in the up-regulation of CLC-2 and CLC-3 in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may cover different disease entities, and the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear.

Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of chloride channel protein CLC-2 and CLC-3 in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and evaluate the roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta in the up-regulation of CLC-2 and CLC-3. We detected expression of CLC-2 and CLC-3 in 17 patients with CRSsNP by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and we examined the concentration of TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and interferon (IFN) gamma in ethmoid sinus mucosa by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

[Postoperative diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor].

Objective: To study the prevention and treatment of postoperative diabetes insipidus after removal of pituitary tumor through transsphenoidal operation, to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the treatment of pituitary tumor.

Methods: The clinical data of 86 cases of transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor in recent 8 years were retrospectively reviewed, including 35 endoscopic operation and 51 microscopic operation. The incidence, prevention and treatment of diabetes insipidus were statistically analysed.

A possible role of CD4+CD25+ T cells as well as transcription factor Foxp3 in the dysregulation of allergic rhinitis.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a Th2 predominant disease, and its pathogenic mechanism is still poorly understood. CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells account for approximately 5% to 10% peripheral CD4(+) T cells and has been shown to regulate the activation of effector T cells in the periphery. The activity of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells is associated with the transcription factor Foxp3.

Inverse association between T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1 and T-bet in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.

Background: It has been suggested that human hepatitis A virus cellular receptor, also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1 (TIM-1), plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases on the basis of epidemiologic data, but the molecular mechanism has been unclear. In a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic rhinitis (AR), we examined the expression of TIM-1 and its correlation with T helper1-associated transcription factor, T-bet, as a potential mediator of T-cell immunoglobulin expression.

Methods: Mice were challenged intranasally with OVA to elicit AR.

[Detection of specific IgE of anti-Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyps and analysis theoretically about the superantigen hypothesis].

Objective: To search the evidence for the presence of superantigen of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE) in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.

Methods: In a cohort of population composed of 42 cases who belonged to three groups: nasal polyposis, simple chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and control group without any rhinopathy, detecting the specific IgE against SE-A and B (SEA and SEB), total IgE (TIgE), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) of the local mucosa by means of FRAST (UniCAP system), as well as the serum TIgE, and serum anti-SEA and SEB SIgE (only in 8 cases); meanwhile the secretion culture was performed for aerobic bacteria from the middle meatus.

Results: There was no evidence to support that SE played as a superantigen in all mucosa samples (42 cases) and 8 cases serum samples out of the 42 patients.

A correlative study of NF-kappaB activity and cytokines expression in human chronic nasal sinusitis.

A growing body of literature suggests that cytokines play an important part in the pathogenesis of chronic nasal sinusitis. However, the mechanism by which the expression of cytokines in chronic nasal sinusitis is upregulated has not been well documented. The present study investigated the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation in upregulating the expression of interleukin-5, -6 and -8 (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-8).