Macrophage and osteosarcoma cell crosstalk is dependent on oxygen tension and 3D culture.

Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common form of primary bone cancer in young adults, has had no improvements in clinical outcomes in 50 years. This highlights a critical need to advance mechanistic understanding of OS to further therapeutic discovery, which will only be possible with accurate models of the disease. Compared to traditional monolayer studies and preclinical models, in vitro models that better replicate the three-dimensional (3D) bone marrow microenvironment will facilitate methodical investigations of the events and factors that drive OS progression.

Curcumin suppresses metastasis, invasion, and proliferation in osteosarcoma cells by regulating the EGFR/Src signaling axis.

We explored the biological mechanisms by which curcumin (Cur) confronts osteosarcoma (OS) tumorigenesis and potential drug gene targets based on network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiments. Cur has been recognized for its significant role in combating various types of tumors. However, the intrinsic molecular mechanisms through which it affects OS remain uncharted.

Unraveling the interplay of CD8 + T cells and microRNA signaling in cancer: implications for immune dysfunction and therapeutic approaches.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as critical regulators of CD8 + T cell function within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). This review explores the multifaceted interplay between miRNAs and CD8 + T cells across various cancers. We discuss how specific miRNAs influence CD8 + T cell activation, recruitment, infiltration, and effector function.

CGREF1 modulates osteosarcoma proliferation by regulating the cell cycle through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Background: Osteosarcoma, the most prevalent primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents, exhibits high heterogeneity. The CGREF1 gene encodes a novel 301 amino acid classical secreted protein that contains the presumed N-terminal signaling peptide and EF hand motif. However, its role in osteosarcoma remains unclear.

Near-infrared light-enhanced polydopamine-based multifunctional nanoparticles for combination of chemodynamic and NO gas therapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

The emergence of treatment approaches that integrate conventional phototherapy with additional adjuvant treatments has garnered considerable interest. In this study, we proposed a complex utilizing Fe and polydopamine as a carrier, co-loaded with the nitric oxide initiator L-arginine (L-Arg) and the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG), as a potential strategy for the "photothermal/photodynamic/Chemodynamic/nitric oxide gas therapy" of osteosarcoma. Nanoparticles have the ability to undergo degradation within the mildly acidic conditions present in the tumor microenvironment.

is a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma: and evaluations using generated artificial osteosarcoma cancer stem cell‑like cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated as critical mediators in the progression, chemoresistance and metastatic capabilities of diverse malignancies, including osteosarcoma (OS). The authors have succeeded in generating CSC‑like cells (MG‑OKS) from the OS cell line MG‑63 by transducing defined factors. A significant increase in small proline‑rich protein 1A (SPRR1A) expression, a cross‑linked envelope protein in keratinocytes, was observed in MG‑OKS cells.

SNRNP70 regulates the splicing of CD55 to promote osteosarcoma progression.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor, characterized by a high propensity for metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted the role of alternative splicing in cancer metastasis, although the precise mechanisms underlying aberrant splicing in OS invasion and metastasis remain unclear. Here, we analyzed consistently differentially expressed genes and differentially alternative splicing events between primary and metastatic OS to identify potential genes associated with OS progression.

Shikonin suppresses proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by inducing ferroptosis through promoting Nrf2 ubiquitination and inhibiting the xCT/GPX4 regulatory axis.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary malignant bone tumor which lacks effective therapeutic interventions. Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid oxidation, which provides a potential alternative intervene for the OS treatment. Shikonin is the major bioactive component extracted from the roots of lithospermum erythrorhizon which is also known as "Zicao" in traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to have exhibits remarkable anti-tumor properties in several cancers.

The Root-Tuber Trypsin Inhibitor of Winged Bean and Its Anti-cancerous Activity Against Osteosarcoma Cell-Line.

Trypsin inhibitor from the root-tuber of underutilized legume Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) (WbT-TI) was purified using ion exchange chromatography followed by size-exclusion chromatography.

Mir-615-3p promotes osteosarcoma progression via the SESN2/AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm. Growing researches have highlighted the tumor promoting role of miR-615-3p in various cancers. Notwithstanding, the biological function and underlying mechanisms of miR-615-3p in OS development still unclear.

[Research progress on artemisinin and its derivatives in treatment of orthopedics-related diseases].

As research into the mechanisms of orthopedic diseases continues to deepen, the shortcomings of traditional single-target the-rapies are becoming increasingly apparent. Consequently, the search for multi-target drugs has become the mainstream research direction for orthopedics-related diseases. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone compound extracted from Artemisia annua, has led to the gradual synthesis of various derivatives such as dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, artemether, and arteether.

Bayesian unsupervised clustering identifies clinically relevant osteosarcoma subtypes.

Identification of cancer subtypes is a critical step for developing precision medicine. Most cancer subtyping is based on the analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from patient cohorts using unsupervised machine learning methods such as hierarchical cluster analysis, but these computational approaches disregard the heterogeneous composition of individual cancer samples. Here, we used a more sophisticated unsupervised Bayesian model termed latent process decomposition (LPD), which handles individual cancer sample heterogeneity and deconvolutes the structure of transcriptome data to provide clinically relevant information.

Histologic and immunologic factors associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced sarcoma.

Purpose: To characterize factors associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced sarcoma.

Experimental Design: This is a retrospective study with a cohort of 216 patients with advanced sarcoma treated with ICIs between 2016-2023 at Stanford Health Care. Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), objective response rates per RECIST criteria (ORR), and reason for ICI discontinuation were analyzed across histologic subtypes, ICI regimens, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and PD-L1 expression.

PD-1 interactome in osteosarcoma: identification of a novel PD-1/AXL interaction conserved between humans and dogs.

The PD-1/PDL-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors revolutionized cancer treatment, yet osteosarcoma remains a therapeutic challenge. In some types of cancer, PD-1 receptor is not solely expressed by immune cells but also by cancer cells, acting either as a tumor suppressor or promoter. While well-characterized in immune cells, little is known about the role and interactome of the PD-1 pathway in cancer.

New insights into the role of mitophagy related gene affecting the metastasis of osteosarcoma through scRNA-seq and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA), the most common primary bone malignancy, poses significant challenges due to its aggressive nature and propensity for metastasis, especially in adolescents. Mitophagy analysis can help identify new therapeutic targets and combined treatment strategies.

Methods: This study integrates single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and bulk-seq to identify mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) associated with the progression of OSA metastasis and analyze their clinical significance.

Tumor-derived G-CSF induces an immunosuppressive microenvironment in an osteosarcoma model, reducing response to CAR.GD2 T-cells.

Sarcomas are rare, mesenchymal tumors, representing about 10-15% of all childhood cancers. GD2 is a suitable target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy due to its overexpression in several solid tumors. In this preclinical study, we investigated the potential use of iCasp9.

Transcriptional regulation of KCNA2 coding Kv1.2 by EWS::FLI1: involvement in controlling the YAP/Hippo signalling pathway and cell proliferation.

Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES), the second main pediatric bone sarcoma, is characterised by a chromosomal translocation leading to the formation of fusion proteins like EWS::FLI1. While several studies have shown that potassium channels drive the development of many tumours, limited data exist on ES. This work therefore aimed to study the transcriptional regulation of KCNA2 and define the involvement of the Kv1.

Anticancer effects of alpha-lipoic acid, a potent organosulfur compound by modulating matrix metalloproteinases and apoptotic markers in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells.

Osteosarcoma (OS), an extremely aggressive form of bone tumor primarily affects young adults. Despite significant advancements in clinical trials, the ability of cancer cells to metastasize and resist apoptosis remains a major challenge. To address these issues, novel therapeutic interventions with high specificity for these processes are essential.

Nasal telangiectatic osteosarcoma with direct extension to the brain in a domestic shorthair cat.

Case Summary: This case report describes the clinical and pathological features of telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) with brain invasion in a 4-year-old female domestic shorthair cat. The cat presented with respiratory distress, epistaxis, anorexia and significant nasal obstruction. A rhinoscopy revealed an amorphous white neoformation in the left nasal cavity.

Shark chondroitin sulfate gold nanoparticles: A biocompatible apoptotic agent for osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive tumor that originates in the bone and often infiltrates nearby bone cells. It is the most prevalent type of primary bone cancer among the various bone malignancies. Traditional cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy have had restricted success.

Age-related genomic alterations and chemotherapy sensitivity in osteosarcoma: insights from cancer genome profiling analyses.

Background: Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone malignancy, has a complex genetic basis and two incidence peaks. In younger patients, the standard treatment involves wide surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy; however, the role of chemotherapy in elderly patients remains controversial. The aims of this study were to investigate genetic differences between younger and elderly patients with osteosarcoma and to identify genetic signatures associated with chemotherapy response.

Novel lipid metabolism factor HIBCH inhibitor synergizes with doxorubicin to suppress osteosarcoma growth and impacts clinical prognosis in osteosarcoma patients.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant primary bone tumor primarily affecting children and adolescents. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, long-term survival rates for OS remain unfavorable, especially in advanced or recurrent cases. Emerging evidence has noted the involvement of lipid metabolism dysregulation in OS progression, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear.

Determinants of tumor necrosis and its impact on outcome in patients with Localized osteosarcoma uniformly treated with a response adapted regimen without high dose Methotrexate- A retrospective institutional analysis.

Purpose: Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in form of tumor necrosis predicts outcome in osteosarcoma; although response-adapted treatment escalation failed to improve outcome among patients treated with high-dose methotrexate-based (HDMTx) chemotherapy. This study aimed to identify factors predicting tumor necrosis and its impact on survival among patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma treated with a response-adapted non-HDMTx regimen.

Methods: A retrospective single-institutional study was conducted among non-metastatic osteosarcoma patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy between 2004-2019.

Preferred Orientation of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Along the -Axis Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is similar to the main inorganic components of bone and tooth enamel. Furthermore, it possesses biocompatibility, making it suitable for clinical use in artificial bones. This study aimed to verify whether the preferred orientation of HAp influences osteogenesis.

The Role of Fetuin-A in Tumor Cell Growth, Prognosis, and Dissemination.

Fetuin-A, also known as alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein (Ahsg), is a multifunctional molecule with diverse roles in biological processes such as mineralization, tumor growth, and inflammation. This review explores the involvement of Ahsg in various cancers, including liver, breast, prostate, colorectal, brain, osteosarcoma, and lung cancers. In many cancer types, Ahsg promotes tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis through various mechanisms, including cellular adhesion, spreading, chemotaxis, and modulation of cell-growth signaling pathways.