New approach to probability estimate of femoral neck fracture by fall (Slovak regression model).

Patients And Methods: 3,216 Slovak women with primary or secondary osteoporosis or osteopenia, aged 20-89 years, were examined with the bone densitometer DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, GE, Prodigy - Primo), x = 58.9, 95% C.I.

Why is it so important to balance the muscular dysbalance in mm. coxae area in osteoporotic patients?

The article presents a biomechanical model of articulatio and mm. coxae with the characteristics of the vectors of reaction forces generated in flexors and extensors (1) in muscular balance; (2) in muscular dysbalance; (2a) with permanent load of the model of a hip by the body weight; (2b) with simulated live load during a fall or an impact. In case of muscular dysbalance the application of action force on a hip during a fall results in a sharp increase of the reaction compressive force in flexors and the tensile force in extensors.

Biomechanical conditions for maintaining body balance in kinesitherapy of osteoporotic patients.

Regularities of mechanical conditions of body's static and dynamic balance are applied not only in movement techniques of sports events, but also in setting up exercises for osteoporotic patients. It is important to set up exercises in which the patient takes such a position where the forces acting upon him (action forces) are in balance with the forces generated in the patient's musculoskeletal system (reaction forces). On the basis of biomechanical analysis of conditions for maintaining a trainee's body balance in training position, we point out the importance of individual exercise in sitting and prone positions led by a rehabilitation instructor, aiming at the removal of muscular dysbalance, before including the patient in group exercise.

Nordic walking--is it suitable for patients with fractured vertebra?

This article brings the biomechanical analysis of sport--Nordic walking--for patients with osteoporotic fractured vertebrae and shows that it is suitable for them. Based on the biomechanical model of skeletal load we have developed a method of walking movement for patients, different from the method of walking movement for healthy people. And so came into being the "first sport" for patients with osteoporotic fractures.

Determination of the centre of gravity in the methodology of kinesiotherapy for osteoporotic patients.

The article brings a biomechanical analysis of the determination of the position of gravity centre of trainee in plane, both graphically and by calculation. The importance of determining the position of the gravity centre in different postures of a trainee should not be underestimated, as it belongs to the basic principles in the development of methodology of kinesitherapy for both healthy and ill people. An erudite methodology of kinesitherapy for osteoporotic patients can be developed only on the basis of biomechanical analysis of each exercise element, i.

T-plus Z-score in the assessment of relative fracture risk.

Unlabelled: THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: We aimed to prove that the relative risk of fractures (RR) is higher in women whose T- and Z-score values come under the category of increased risk than in the women whose T-score only falls within the category of increased risk.

Patients And Methods: We analysed 498 (n=498) densitometric findings from the area of proximal femur: neck (ROI1), Ward's area (ROI2), great trochanter (ROI3) (DXA-dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Osteocore II, France) from a population of Bratislava women of an average age of 59.71 years <58.

Osteoporosis in a female population from Bratislava--age-related BMD changes.

Patients And Methods: We analysed 498 women (n=498) in a Bratislava (BA) population aged 21 to 90. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur with one densitometric instrument (DXA Osteocore II, France; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), applying BMD and T-score values in three standard regions of interest: Neck (ROI1), Ward's area (ROI2), Trochanter (ROI3).

Results: Measured values of T-score in ROI1, ROI2 had normal distribution and a lognormal distribution of frequency in ROI3.

Statistical methods of estimating fracture risk.

The aim of the article is to present an analysis of statistical methods used for estimating fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis. Mathematical relations of different methods are explained (risk--R, risk ratio--RR, RD--risk difference, odds--O, odds ratio--OR, Yule's Q, Yule's Y, logistic model). What is important to keep in mind is that: 1) relative risk and odds ratio are statistics that only describe an association, not causation; 2) relative risk and odds ratio refer to a population, not to an individual patient; 3) the studies of small groups are more likely to find an association that might actually just be due to chance, the larger the groups, the less likely the association between a risk factor and an outcome (fracture); 4) when the incidence of an outcome of interest in the study population is low (<10 %), the OR is close to the RR, the more frequent the outcome becomes, the more the OR will overestimate the RR when it is more than 1 or underestimate the RR when it is less than 1.

Why does depression develop in complicated osteoporosis?

Patients And Methods: In a prospective study we observed which female patients developed depression following an acute and painful vertebral fracture. For the statistical evaluation of questionnaires we chose randomly 32 patients with depression (out of 33 patients) aged 51-73, and 32 patients without depression (out of 44 patients) aged 52-70.

The Aim Of The Study: To verify the hypothesis that the patients with more traumatic experience in the anamnesis (Questionnaire No.