Investigating insecticide susceptibility status of adult mosquitoes against some class of insecticides in Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria.

The study evaluates the resistance and susceptibility of adult female Anopheles gambiae s. l., Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes sourced within Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria to four groups of insecticides [Permethrin, Deltamethrin, Pirimiphos-methyl and DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)] and the distribution of their larval habitat within the metropolis.

Childhood lower respiratory tract infections linked to residential airborne bacterial and fungal microbiota.

Residential microbial composition likely contributes to the development of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among children, but the association is poorly understood. We aimed to study the relationship between the indoor airborne dust bacterial and fungal microbiota and childhood LRTI in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ninety-eight children under the age of five years hospitalized with LRTI were recruited and matched by age (±3 months), sex, and geographical location to 99 community-based controls without LRTI.

Zinc improves sexual and erectile function in HAART-treated rats via the upregulation of erectogenic enzymes and maintenance of redox balance.

Purpose: HAART has been shown to impair sexual function and penile erection via perturbation of penile redox balance, while zinc has been established to exert antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study focused on the role and associated molecular mechanism of zinc in HAART-induced sexual and erectile dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into four (n = 5 rats per group); the control, zinc-treated, HAART-treated, and HAART + zinc-treated groups.

Potential Inhibitory Biomolecular Interactions of Natural Compounds With Different Molecular Targets of Diabetes.

Type II diabetes is an endemic disease and is responsible for approximately 90% to 95% of diabetes cases. The pathophysiological distortions are majorly β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and long-term inflammation, which all progressively unsettle the control of blood glucose levels and trigger microvascular and macrovascular complications. The diverse pathological disruptions which patients with type II diabetes mellitus exhibit precipitate the opinion that different antidiabetic agents, administered in combination, might be required to curb this menace and maintain normal blood glucose.

A caputo fractional order epidemic model for evaluating the effectiveness of high-risk quarantine and vaccination strategies on the spread of COVID-19.

The recent global Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) threat to the human race requires research on preventing its reemergence without affecting socio-economic factors. This study proposes a fractional-order mathematical model to analyze the impact of high-risk quarantine and vaccination on COVID-19 transmission. The proposed model is used to analyze real-life COVID-19 data to develop and analyze the solutions and their feasibilities.

Experiences of community tuberculosis volunteers in Ibadan north local government: A qualitative study.

Background: Although several efforts have gone into combating tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria, the country remains one of the worst hit with TB globally. Community Tuberculosis Care (CTBC) which refers to community TB efforts taken beyond the confines of the hospital facilities, has been suggested as a means to reach TB cases not reported or diagnosed. However, CTBC is in the formative stage in Nigeria, and the experiences of Community Tuberculosis Volunteers (CTVs) remain unclear.

Awareness of Nigerian Mothers on the Risk Factors, Prevention and Management of Seizures in Newborns.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the awareness of mothers on the risk factors, prevention, and management of seizures in newborns.

Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 359 mothers using simple random sampling. The data were collected using questionnaires that included general awareness, awareness of the causes, risk factors, prevention, and management.

Exposure-response relationship of residential dampness and mold damage with severe lower respiratory tract infections among under-five children in Nigeria.

Unlabelled: Previous epidemiological studies demonstrated an increased risk of respiratory health effects in children and adults exposed to dampness or mold. This study investigated associations of quantitative indicators of indoor dampness and mold exposure with severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among children aged 1-59 months in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: In-home visits were conducted among 178 children hospitalized with LRTI matched by age (±3 months), sex, and geographical location with 180 community-based children without LRTI.

Foliar application of nanoceria attenuated cadmium stress in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).

Foliar application of nanoparticles (NPs) as a means for ameliorating abiotic stress is increasingly employed in crop production. In this study, the potential of CeO-NPs as stress suppressants for cadmium (Cd)-stressed okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants was investigated, using two cycles of foliar application of CeO-NPs at 200, 400, and 600 mg/l. Compared to untreated stressed plants, Cd-stressed plants treated with CeO-NPs presented higher pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoids).

Xylopia aethiopica suppresses markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death in the brain of Wistar rats exposed to glyphosate.

The herbicide "Roundup" is used extensively in agriculture to control weeds. However, by translocation, it can be deposited in plants, their proceeds, and the soil, thus provoking organ toxicities in exposed individuals. Neurotoxicity among others is one of the side effects of roundup which has led to an increasing global concern about the contamination of food by herbicides.

African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) extract upregulates glucocerebrosidase activity and circumvents Parkinsonian changes in the Hippocampus via the activation of heatshock proteins.

Background: Neurodegenerative illnesses like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's are largely caused by the accumulation of aggregated proteins. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are molecular chaperons, have been linked with the modulation of β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) function encoded by GBA1 and Synucleinopathies. Herein, the chaperonic properties of African walnut ethanolic extract (WNE) in manganese-induced Parkinsonian neuropathology in the hippocampus was examined.

Effect of social cohesion on crime control strategies among rural dwellers in Nigeria.

This study examined how social cohesion variables, SCV are associated with effective crime control strategies, CCS in Nigeria's rural areas. With mixed-methods, we collected data from 3408 participants and 12 interviewees in 48 rural areas; the results showed that strong SCV indirectly hindered an effective CCS. Significant correlation was found between SCV and CCS.

Identification of EGFR inhibitors as potential agents for cancer therapy: pharmacophore-based modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics investigations.

Context: As a member of a large family of proteins that together regulate various aspects of cell growth and development, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated target for the development of new drugs. Herein, we compiled a library of 62 compounds from the PubChem database with similar pharmacophores as osimertinib, which to our knowledge represents the only drug capable of overcoming EGFR-T790M-mutated NSCLC until date. Subsequently, we launched a docking-based virtual screening campaign against the EGFR kinase with the compiled chemical entities.

Multi-regulator of EZH2-PPARs Therapeutic Targets: A Hallmark for Prospective Restoration of Pancreatic Insulin Production and Cancer Dysregulation.

The unexpected rise in cancer and diabetes statistics has been a significant global threat, inciting ongoing research into various biomarkers that can act as innovative therapeutic targets for their management. The recent discovery of how EZH2-PPARs' regulatory function affects the metabolic and signalling pathways contributing to this disease has posed a significant breakthrough, with the synergistic combination of inhibitors like GSK-126 and bezafibrate for treating these diseases. Nonetheless, no findings on other protein biomarkers involved in the associated side effects have been reported.

The antimicrobial activity and essential oil constituents of the leaves and trunks of P.H.Hô (Thymelaeceae) from Vietnam.

The aim of the present paper was to report the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of essential hydrodistilled from the leaves and trunk of P.H.Hô (Thymelaeceae) from Vietnam.

Knowledge and Treatment Behaviour of Acne Vulgaris among Female Students of University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Background: Acne Vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, with a prevalence of about 80% among adolescents and adults.

Aim: The study was designed to assess knowledge and treatment behavior of acne vulgaris among female students of the University of Nigeria, Enugu campus, Nigeria.

Method: Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study.

The Impact of the First and Second Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria.

In recent times, the COVID-19 pandemic has been the subject of global concern. It has so far claimed over 5.4 million lives globally, with over 291 million cases recorded worldwide as of 5 January 2022.

The applications of animal models in phage therapy: An update.

The rapid increase in antibiotic resistance presents a dire situation necessitating the need for alternative therapeutic agents. Among the current alternative therapies, phage therapy (PT) is promising. This review extensively summarizes preclinical PT approaches in various models.

Behavioral toxicity, histopathological alterations and oxidative stress in Tubifex tubifex exposed to aromatic carboxylic acids- acetic acid and benzoic acid: A comparative time-dependent toxicity assessment.

This study evaluated Acetic acid (AA) and Benzoic acid's (BA) acute and sublethal toxicity by observing mortality, behavioral responses, and changes in the levels of oxidative stress enzymes in Tubifex tubifex. Exposure-induced changes in antioxidant activity (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase), oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde concentrations), and histopathological alterations in the tubificid worms were also noted across exposure intervals. The 96 h LC values of AA and BA to T.

Silver nanoparticles strengthen against toxic metal-related phytotoxicity via enhanced metal phytostabilization and improved antioxidant responses.

This study investigated the phytostabilization and plant-promoting abilities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Twelve seeds were planted in water and AgNPs (10, 15 and 20 mg mL) irrigated soil for 21 days on soil containing 0.32 ± 0.

Contamination and risk surveillance of potentially toxic elements in different land-use urban soils of Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria.

The concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their contamination indices were determined in urban soil from five different land-use zones, namely municipal solid waste landfill (MWL), industrial area (INA), heavy traffic area (TRA), residential area with commercial activities (RCA), and farmland (FAL) in Osogbo Metropolis. Ecological and human health risk assessments were also evaluated. Based on the average concentrations, the highest values of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were found at INA, while the maximum concentrations of Ba, Cd, and Co were observed at MWL.

Buchholzia coriacea seed induce antifertility by interfering with steroidogenic enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in rat testis.

Buchholzia coriacea has been reported to possess antifertility activities but little is known of the mechanisms responsible. This study was therefore designed to examine the mechanism responsible for the action of Buchholzia coriacea. Eighteen male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were used for this study.

A snapshot of the prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase-431V mutation and other sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance markers in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Nigeria.

Background: Malaria is a major public health issue with substantial risks among vulnerable populations. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends SP-IPTp in the second and third trimesters. However, the efficacy of SP-IPTp is threatened by the emergence of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistant malaria parasites due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes.