The challenge of the biosciences in nurse education: A literature review.

Aims And Objectives: To review relevant literature that addresses the challenges of the biosciences in nurse education. More precisely, the review aims to explore the literature, concerning students' learning, learning contexts and methodological issues and identify any significant gaps.

Background: Knowledge of anatomy, physiology and biochemistry is essential for the understanding of human beings and for full appreciation of the concepts of illness and disease.

Predicting early onset of intoxication versus drinking-A population-based prospective study of Norwegian adolescents.

Aims: Recent research suggests that early onset of intoxication (EOI) may be of greater importance for a wide range of subsequent adverse outcomes than early drinking experiences without intoxication. However, research on antecedents of EOI is scarce. The present study identifies predictors of EOI and whether they differ from those of early onset of drinking (EOD).

Combined cognitive and vocational interventions after mild to moderate traumatic brain injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: A considerable proportion of patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience long-lasting somatic, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that may hamper their capacity to return to work (RTW). Although several studies have described medical, psychological, and work-related factors that predict RTW after TBI, well-controlled intervention studies regarding RTW are scarce. Furthermore, there has traditionally been weak collaboration among health-related rehabilitation services, the labor and welfare sector, and workplaces.

How Accessible is Weibo for People with Visual Impairments?

Weibo is one of the most popular Chinese social media services. The literature has shown that social media have potential to empower people with disabilities. However, digital accessibility is a new area in China and very few studies have focused on the accessibility of Chinese social media services.

A Mobile Game for the Social and Cognitive Well-Being of Elderly People in China.

China, like many other countries, is facing the challenges of an ageing population. Literature has shown that the lack of social interaction has a negative impact on the physical health of the elderly, and playing games can be beneficial in maintaining or even improving their cognitive abilities. This study describes the design and development process for a social and cognitive mobile game and the related user evaluation in terms of well-being.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures 2 Years After Standard and Distal Gastric Bypass-a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The preferred surgical procedure for treating morbid obesity is debated. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are relevant for evaluation of the optimal bariatric procedure.

Methods: A total of 113 patients with BMI from 50 to 60 were randomly assigned to standard (n = 57) or distal (n = 56) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R).

The most common used instrument to measure optimism, both in psychological and medical research, is the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R). A multi-countries study using the future item from the LOT-R, found that level of optimism varied between countries. The provision of population-based norms is necessary, since norms enable the application of the LOT-R in individual diagnosis to compare individuals or special patient groups' scores with reference data.

User participation in a Municipal Acute Ward in Norway: dilemmas in the interface between policy ideals and work conditions.

User participation has become an increasingly important principle in health care over the last few decades. Healthcare professionals are expected to involve patients in treatment decisions. Clear guidance as to what this should entail for professionals in clinical work is not accounted for in legislation.

Beneficiaries of conflict: a qualitative study of people's trust in the private health care system in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Background: In 2005, the World Health Conference called for all nations to move toward universal health coverage, which is defined as "access to adequate health care for all at an affordable price". Despite this, an estimated 90% of Somalia's largely impoverished population use private health care. Therefore, considering that the private health care system is the dominant health care system in Mogadishu, Somalia, exploring the accessibility to, as well as people's trust in, the private sector is essential to help contribute an equitable and affordable health care system in the country.

Relying on Visiting Foreign Doctors for Fistula Repair: The Profile of Women Attending Fistula Repair Surgery in Somalia.

Obstetric fistula is treatable by surgery, although access is usually limited, particularly in the context of conflict. This study examines the profile of women attending fistula repair surgery in three hospitals in Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Somalia from August to September 2016.

Respiratory motion during Yttrium PET contributes to underestimation of tumor dose and overestimation of normal liver tissue dose.

Background Yttrium-90 dosimetry after radioembolization is reliant on accurate quantitative imaging of the microsphere deposition. Previous studies have focused on the correction of geometrical resolution effects. Purpose To uncover additional effects of respiratory motion.

"Placebo effect is probably what we refer to as patient healing power": A qualitative pilot study examining how Norwegian complementary therapists reflect on their practice.

Background: Complementary therapists spend considerable time with their patients, especially in the first consultation. The communication between patients and their therapists is important for raising consciousness and activation of the patient's self-healing power. Thus, the aims in this study were to delineate what complementary therapists regard as essential in patient consultations, their view of the healing process, and how the therapists understand the placebo effect and its position in the healing process.

Norwegian midwives' opinion of their midwifery education - a mixed methods study.

Background: Midwifery education in Norway has undergone radical reforms in the past few decades. In 2004, the compulsory year of paid internship was removed from the requirement to become an authorised midwife. Since then, authorisation as a midwife depends on the successful completion of a two-year full-time academic course, consisting of 50% clinical practice and 50% theoretical education.

Childhood violence and adult chronic pain among indigenous Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: a SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study.

Background: Internationally, studies have shown that childhood violence is associated with chronic pain in adulthood. However, to date, this relationship has not been examined in any indigenous population.

Objective: The main objectives of this study were to investigate the association between childhood violence and reported chronic pain, number of pain sites and the intensity of pain in adulthood in indigenous Sami and non-Sami adults, and to explore ethnic differences.

Experience of companionship among family caregivers of persons with dementia: A qualitative study.

We examined how caregivers experienced the influence of dementia on their relationships with afflicted family members. Family caregivers (n = 15; 11 women and four men; age 39-92 years) of people with dementia participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed according to Kvale and Brinkman.

Universally Designed Text on the Web: Towards Readability Criteria Based on Anti-Patterns.

The readability of web texts affects accessibility. The Web Content Accessibility guidelines (WCAG) state that the recommended reading level should match that of someone who has completed basic schooling. However, WCAG does not give advice on what constitutes an appropriate reading level.

The co-occurrence of chronic pain and psychological distress and its associations with salient socio-demographic characteristics among long-term social assistance recipients in Norway.

Background: While lower socioeconomic status increases individual's risk for chronic conditions, little is known about how long-term social assistance recipients (LTRs) with multiple chronic health problems experience chronic pain and/or psychological distress. Social assistance is the last safety net in the Norwegian welfare system and individuals have a legal right to economic assistance if they are unable to support themselves or are entitled to other types of benefits. The purposes of this study were to determine the co-occurrence of both chronic pain and psychological distress and to evaluate for differences in demographic and social characteristics, as well as health-related quality of life, among LTRs.

Visually impaired individuals, safety perceptions and traumatic events: a qualitative study of hazards, reactions and coping.

Purpose: To explore the types of risks and hazards that visually impaired individuals face, how they manage potential threats and how reactions to traumatic events are manifested and coped with.

Method: Participants were 17 visually impaired individuals who had experienced some kind of potentially traumatic event. Two focus groups and 13 individual interviews were conducted.

Using different growth references to measure thinness and overweight among Swedish primary school children showed considerable variations.

Aim: The study compared how four different growth references determined the prevalence of thinness and overweight, based on height and weight measurements from a nationally representative sample of Swedish children from seven to nine years of age.

Methods: The height and weight measurements of 4518 Swedish schoolchildren aged seven to nine years were carried out in 2008 using a standardised protocol. The prevalence of different degrees of thinness and overweight was calculated using international growth references from the World Health Organization, the International Obesity Task Force and two Swedish growth references from Werner and Karlberg.

Transfers to hospital in planned home birth in four Nordic countries - a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Women planning a home birth are transferred to hospital in case of complications or elevated risk for adverse outcomes. The aim of the present study was to describe the indications for transfer to hospital in planned home births, and the proportion of cases in which this occurs.

Material And Methods: Women in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland who had opted for, and were accepted for, home birth at the onset of labor, were included in the study.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Clobazam and Its Metabolite-Impact of Age and Comedication on Pharmacokinetic Variability.

Background: Clobazam (CLB) has been used as an antiepileptic drug for several decades. There is still insufficient data regarding its pharmacokinetic variability in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate pharmacokinetic variability of CLB with emphasis on the impact of age and comedication in patients with epilepsy.

Maximizing work integration in job placement of individuals facing mental health problems: Supervisor experiences.

Background: Many people confronting mental health problems are excluded from participation in paid work. Supervisor engagement is essential for successful job placement.

Objective: To elicit supervisor perspectives on the challenges involved in fostering integration to support individuals with mental health problems (trainees) in their job placement at ordinary companies.

The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency is more common in breastfed infants than their mothers in Bhaktapur, Nepal.

Background/objectives: Iron deficiency anemia is a widespread public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Maternal iron status around and during pregnancy may influence infant iron status. We examined multiple biomarkers to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia among breastfed infants and explored its relationship with maternal and infant characteristics in Bhaktapur, Nepal.

Self-Reported Eating Disorder Symptoms Before and After Gastric Bypass and Duodenal Switch for Super Obesity--a 5-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background: This study assessed eating disorder pathology in persons with obesity before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS), in a 5-year follow-up study.

Methods: Sixty participants with BMI 50-60 kg/m(2) were randomly assigned to RYGB (n = 31) or DS (n = 29). The participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) before and 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years after surgery.