Mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid alterations in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Objectives: Indications of mitochondrial dysfunction are commonly seen in liver diseases, but data are scarce in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Analyzing circulating and liver-resident molecules indirectly reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction, we aimed to comprehensively characterize this deficit in PSC, and whether this was PSC specific or associated with cholestasis.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included plasma from 191 non-transplant patients with large-duct PSC and 100 healthy controls and explanted liver tissue extracts from 24 PSC patients and 18 non-cholestatic liver disease controls.

A Core Outcome Set for Adult General ICU Patients.

Objectives: Randomized clinical trials informing clinical practice (e.g., like large, pragmatic, and late-phase trials) should ideally mostly use harmonized outcomes that are important to patients, family members, clinicians, and researchers.

Cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) regulation in severe mental disorders.

Background: People with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) show abnormalities in the biological stress system and low-grade inflammation. However, whether the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-immune regulation is disrupted in SZ and BD, is yet to be determined.

Methods: Cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in blood samples collected at or before 10 am in participants with SZ (N = 257), BD (N = 153), and healthy controls (N = 40).

Enrichment of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and Up-Regulated TNF-α Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of CMS4 Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis.

Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is the main cause of CRC mortality, with limited treatment options. Although immunotherapy has benefited some cancer patients, mCRC typically lacks the molecular features that respond to this treatment. However, recent studies indicate that the immune microenvironment of mCRC may be modified to enhance the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Safety of baricitinib in vaccinated patients with severe and critical COVID-19 sub study of the randomised Bari-SolidAct trial.

Background: The Bari-SolidAct randomized controlled trial compared baricitinib with placebo in patients with severe COVID-19. A post hoc analysis revealed a higher incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) among SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated participants who had received baricitinib. This sub-study aimed to investigate whether vaccination influences the safety profile of baricitinib in patients with severe COVID-19.

When care hurts: parents' experiences of caring for a child with epidermolysis bullosa.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by skin fragility and blistering. EB is incurable, and treatment consists of preventing blisters in addition to painful and time consuming skin care, often performed by the parents, in addition to monitoring other symptoms in cases of severe EB.

Results: The purpose of this study was to explore parental experiences of caring for a child with EB.

Prediction of late-onset preeclampsia using plasma proteomics: a longitudinal multi-cohort study.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder with substantial perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia would benefit from early detection for follow-up, timely interventions and delivery. Several attempts have been made to identify protein biomarkers of preeclampsia, but findings vary with demographics, clinical characteristics, and time of sampling.

Intraoperative patient-specific volumetric reconstruction and 3D visualization for laparoscopic liver surgery.

Despite the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, interventions such as laparoscopic liver surgery present unique challenges, like the significant anatomical differences between preoperative images and intraoperative scenes due to pneumoperitoneum, patient pose, and organ manipulation by surgical instruments. To address these challenges, a method for intraoperative three-dimensional reconstruction of the surgical scene, including vessels and tumors, without altering the surgical workflow, is proposed. The technique combines neural radiance field reconstructions from tracked laparoscopic videos with ultrasound three-dimensional compounding.

Suboptimal adherence to a gluten-free diet in adults with both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease using urinary gluten immunogenic peptide measurement.

Objectives: Concurrent type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CeD) pose challenges in insulin dosage adjustments and gluten-free dietary adherence. Urine testing for gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) is a new method to detect gluten exposure within the last 3-12 h. Our aims were to compare gluten-free dietary adherence between T1D + CeD and CeD individuals and evaluate urinary GIP testing in an outpatient setting.

Brief Outpatient Rehabilitation Program for Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is emerging as a common and debilitating condition with few treatment options.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a brief outpatient rehabilitation program based on a cognitive and behavioral approach for patients with PCC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Patients with mild to moderate PCC were randomized 1:1 to an established transdiagnostic rehabilitation program or care as usual at a single referral center recruiting from the region of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.

Three-Year Outcomes With a Supra-Annular, Self-Expanding Bioprosthesis and a Pericardial Wrap-The FORWARD PRO Study.

Background: The self-expanding, supra-annular Evolut valve is an established platform for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Evolut PRO introduced an outer sealing wrap to mitigate paravalvular leakage. We evaluated the 3-year clinical outcomes and valve performance of the Evolut PRO in standard clinical practice for severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients at intermediate or higher risk for surgery.

Inflammatory Myopathies and Autoimmune Gluten-related Disorders: A Scoping Review of Pathophysiological Interconnections and Hypothesis.

Introduction: Anecdotal reports describe patients with concurrent idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and celiac disease (CeD) in whom the introduction of a gluten-free diet led to dramatic improvement of myositis. We first systematically reviewed all peer-reviewed publications on concomitant IIM and duodenal biopsy-verified CeD. The collected evidence was suggestive of associations between myositis disease activity and gluten exposure in some patients with IIM-CeD.

Localizing value of disturbances of self-integration, depersonalization, and forced thinking: A systematic review.

We performed a systematic review of the localizational value of disturbances of self-integration, depersonalization and forced thinking in focal epilepsy with the aim to summarize the state-of-the-art anatomo-clinical correlations in the field and help guide interpretation of ictal semiology within the framework of pre-surgical evaluation. The review was performed using a PRISMA- and QUADAS2-based approach. Three separate PubMed and EMBASE searches were undertaken using the keywords self-integration, depersonalization and forced thinking, along with synonyms, in combination with terms to identify epileptogenic zone as defined by surgical outcome, MRI-findings or intracranially recorded EEG.

A case of acute functional hemispherotomy in a young woman with hemimegalencephaly and super-refractory status epilepticus.

Status epilepticus (SE) is a critical medical emergency that demands immediate and effective intervention. We report a unique case involving a 21-year-old woman with left hemimegalencephaly who was hospitalized for super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) that persisted for 8 weeks. Despite extensive treatment efforts including multiple anti-seizure medications, anesthetics, high-dose methylprednisolone, anakinra, magnesium infusion, and a ketogenic diet, her condition remained unchanged.

Associations between sociodemographic exposures, growth and development during infancy with development at the age of eight years among children: Analysis of a maternal education trial in rural Uganda.

Background: Links between early life exposures and child development later in life are not sufficiently explored in low- and middle-income countries. We studied associations between sociodemographic variables, growth and development at six to eight months with developmental outcomes at eight years.

Methods: We used data from a maternal education trial which included 511 mother-infant pairs at children's age of six to eight months (baseline).

Nurses' and physicians' experience of a new algorithm for tapering analgosedation in the paediatric intensive care unit: A focus-group investigation.

Aim/objective: Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome occurs frequently during the tapering phase of opioids and benzodiazepines in paediatric intensive care units. The aim of this study was to explore physicians' and nurses' experiences in patient care and staff collaboration during the tapering phase using a new "algorithm for tapering analgosedation" METHODS: We used a qualitative explorative design with focus groups. The framework method was followed including transcription, familiarisation, coding, developing a framework, applying the framework, charting data into the framework matrix, and interpreting the data.

Copy-number dosage regulates telomere maintenance and disease-associated pathways in neuroblastoma.

Telomere maintenance in neuroblastoma is linked to poor outcome and caused by either telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activation or through alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). In contrast to TERT activation, commonly caused by genomic rearrangements or MYCN amplification, ALT is less well understood. Alterations at the ATRX locus are key drivers of ALT but only present in ∼50% of ALT tumors.

NLRP3 inflammasome mediates astroglial dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in schizophrenia.

Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of neuroinflammation in the development of schizophrenia (SCZ), but the potential role of astroglia in this phenomenon remains poorly understood. We assessed the molecular and functional consequences of inflammasome activation using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes generated from SCZ patients and healthy controls (CTRL). Screening protein levels in astrocytes at baseline identified lower expression of the NLRP3-ASC complex in SCZ, but increased Caspase-1 activity upon specific NLRP3 stimulation compared to CTRL.

Normothermic Machine Perfusion Reconstitutes Porcine Kidney Tissue Metabolism But Induces an Inflammatory Response, Which Is Reduced by Complement C5 Inhibition.

Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is a clinical strategy to reduce renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Optimal NMP should restore metabolism and minimize IRI induced inflammatory responses. Microdialysis was used to evaluate renal metabolism.

Donor cytomegalovirus serology impacts overall survival in children receiving first unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplant for acute leukemia: European Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation Pediatric Diseases Working Party Study.

Not available.

Longitudinal Fecal Microbiota Profiles in A Cohort of Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults with COVID-19: Associations with SARS-CoV-2 Status and Long-Term Fatigue.

Adolescents most often experience mild acute COVID-19, but may still face fatigue and persistent symptoms such as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) and post-infective fatigue syndrome (PIFS). We explored the fecal microbiota of SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative non-hospitalized adolescents and young adults (12-25 years of age) in the "Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 in Adolescents" (LoTECA) project, a longitudinal observational cohort study. With a targeted qPCR approach, the quantities of 100 fecal bacterial taxa were measured at baseline (early convalescent stage) in 145 SARS-CoV-2-positive and 32 SARS-CoV-2 negative participants and after six months in 107 of the SARS-CoV-2-positive and 19 of the SARS-CoV-2 negative participants.

Hip geometry and strength remain stable the first year after kidney transplantation-an ibandronate/placebo analysis.

The sensitivity of bone mineral density (BMD) to identify patients with high fracture risk after kidney transplantation is low, therefore alternative tools are needed. Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) provides an estimation of hip structural geometry and strength based on conventional DXA scans for hip analyses. We aimed to investigate the effect of antiresorptive therapy on hip geometrical and strength parameters by HSA.

Medical treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: What have we learned and where are we going?

It has proven difficult to establish robust evidence for significant clinical benefits of medical treatment in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). For ursodeoxycholic acid, clinical practice guidelines only offer vague recommendations, leading to a situation of variable prescription rates depending on local reimbursement policies and physician preference. The difficulty in drug development in PSC is partly related to a poor understanding of critical disease processes with failure to identify relevant mechanisms of action of putative drugs.