Antibacterial Properties and Biocompatibility of Multicomponent Titanium Oxides: A Review.

The simple oxides like titania, zirconia, and ZnO are famous with their antibacterial (or even antimicrobial) properties as well as their biocompatibility. They are broadly used for air and water filtering, in food packaging, in medicine (for implants, prostheses, and scaffolds), etc. However, these application fields can be broadened by switching to the composite multicomponent compounds (for example, titanates) containing in their unit cell, together with oxygen, several different metallic ions.

Feasibility of Monitoring Tissue Properties During Microcirculation Disorder Using a Compact Fiber-Based Probe With Sapphire Tip.

One of the urgent tasks of modern medicine is to detect microcirculation disorder during surgery to avoid possible consequences like tissue hypoxia, ischemia, and necrosis. To address this issue, in this article, we propose a compact probe with sapphire tip and optical sensing based on the principle of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance analysis. It allows for intraoperative measurement of tissue effective attenuation coefficient and its alteration during the changes of tissue condition, caused by microcirculation disorder.

The Determining Influence of the Phase Composition on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium-Iron Alloys after High-Pressure Torsion.

Three titanium alloys with 0.5, 6, and 9 wt.% iron were investigated, and the samples were pre-annealed in three different regions of the Ti-Fe phase diagram, namely β, α+β, and α+FeTi.

Programmable Carbon Nanotube Networks: Controlling Optical Properties Through Orientation and Interaction.

The lattice geometry of natural materials and the structural geometry of artificial materials are crucial factors determining their physical properties. Most materials have predetermined geometries that lead to fixed physical characteristics. Here, the demonstration of a carbon nanotube network serves as an example of a system with controllable orientation achieving on-demand optical properties.

Optical Sensing of Tissue Freezing Depth by Sapphire Cryo-Applicator and Steady-State Diffuse Reflectance Analysis.

This work describes a sapphire cryo-applicator with the ability to sense tissue freezing depth during cryosurgery by illumination of tissue and analyzing diffuse optical signals in a steady-state regime. The applicator was manufactured by the crystal growth technique and has several spatially resolved internal channels for accommodating optical fibers. The method of reconstructing freezing depth proposed in this work requires one illumination and two detection channels.

Fabrication of Layered SiC/C/Si/MeSi/Me Ceramic-Metal Composites via Liquid Silicon Infiltration of Metal-Carbon Matrices.

The growing demand for composite materials capable of enduring prolonged loads in high-temperature and aggressive environments presents pressing challenges for materials scientists. Ceramic materials composed of silicon carbide largely possess high mechanical strength at a relatively low density, even at elevated temperatures. However, they are inherently brittle in nature, leading to concerns about their ability to fracture.

Effect of High-Pressure Torsion on Phase Formation and Mechanical Properties of a High-Entropy TiZrHfMoCrCo Alloy.

This investigation delved into the alterations in the mechanical properties of a TiZrHfMoCrCo high-entropy alloy due to phase transformations induced by high-pressure torsion (HPT). The alloy's genesis involved levitation melting within an argon atmosphere, presenting two distinct states for analysis: the initial, post-manufacturing state and the state subsequent to HPT treatment. The original alloy featured a composition comprising a singular A2 phase with a bcc lattice and two Laves phases, C15 and C14.

Phase Transformations Caused by Heat Treatment and High-Pressure Torsion in TiZrHfMoCrCo Alloy.

In this work the high-entropy alloy studied contained six components, Ti/Zr/Hf/Mo/Cr/Co, and three phases, namely one phase with body-centered cubic lattice (BCC) and two Laves phases C14 and C15. A series of annealings in the temperature range from 600 to 1000 °C demonstrated not only a change in the microstructure of the TiZrHfMoCrCo alloy, but also the modification of phase composition. After annealing at 1000 °C the BCC phase almost fully disappeared.

Feasibility test of a sapphire cryoprobe with optical monitoring of tissue freezing.

This article describes a sapphire cryoprobe as a promising solution to the significant problem of modern cryosurgery that is the monitoring of tissue freezing. This probe consists of a sapphire rod manufactured by the edge-defined film-fed growth technique from Al O melt and optical fibers accommodated inside the rod and connected to the source and the detector. The probe's design enables detection of spatially resolved diffuse reflected intensities of tissue optical response, which are used for the estimation of tissue freezing depth.

Formation and Thermal Stability of the ω-Phase in Ti-Nb and Ti-Mo Alloys Subjected to HPT.

This paper discusses the features of ω-phase formation and its thermal stability depending on the phase composition, alloying element and the grain size of the initial microstructure of Ti-Nb and Ti-Mo alloys subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) deformation. In the case of two-phase Ti-3wt.% Nb and Ti-20wt.

Grain Boundary Wetting by a Second Solid Phase in the High Entropy Alloys: A Review.

In this review, the phenomenon of grain boundary (GB) wetting by the second solid phase is analyzed for the high entropy alloys (HEAs). Similar to the GB wetting by the liquid phase, the GB wetting by the second solid phase can be incomplete (partial) or complete. In the former case, the second solid phase forms in the GB of a matrix, the chain of (usually lenticular) precipitates with a certain non-zero contact angle.