Incomplete reminder cues trigger memory reconsolidation and sustain learned immune responses.

Peripheral immune responses can be modulated by taste-immune associative learning where the presentation of a sweet taste as conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with the injection of an immunosuppressive substance as unconditioned stimulus (US). Previous findings demonstrate conditioned immunopharmacological properties of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-inhibitor rapamycin, a drug used to ameliorate neurological diseases and for the prevention of graft rejection. However, conditioned responses gradually weaken over time and eventually disappear following repeated exposure to the CS in the absence of the US.

Preference for Telehealth Sustained Over Three Months at an Outpatient Center for Integrative Medicine.

Background: Integrative medicine is a key framework for the treatment of chronic medical conditions, particularly chronic pain conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid implementation of telehealth services.

Objective: We present outcomes of a complete and rapid transition to telehealth visits at an outpatient integrative medicine center in the Southeastern United States.

Human Placenta Buffers the Fetus from Adverse Effects of Perceived Maternal Stress.

Maternal stress during pregnancy is linked to several negative birth outcomes. The placenta, a unique pregnancy-specific organ, not only nourishes and protects the fetus but is also the major source of progesterone and estrogens. As the placenta becomes the primary source of maternal progesterone (P4) and estradiol between 6-9 weeks of gestation, and these hormones are critical for maintaining pregnancy, maternal stress may modulate levels of these steroids to impact birth outcomes.

A Pilot Study Comparing the Effects of Consuming 100% Orange Juice or Sucrose-Sweetened Beverage on Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Women.

Overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disease, in part due to hepatic fructose overload. However, it is not clear whether consumption of beverages containing fructose as naturally occurring sugar produces equivalent metabolic dysregulation as beverages containing added sugars. We compared the effects of consuming naturally-sweetened orange juice (OJ) or sucrose-sweetened beverages (sucrose-SB) for two weeks on risk factors for cardiometabolic disease.

Impact of a Yogic Breathing Technique on the Well-Being of Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for healthcare globally, the brunt of which has been borne by the health care providers (HCPs). These challenges are felt more keenly in India, as they stretch an insufficiently resourced healthcare system. The long hours, cross over of responsibilities, lack of resources to adequately care for patients, and concerns around safety of self and loves ones, have led to a spike in anxiety, depression, insomnia and other stress - related disorders in healthcare providers.

Development of a Positive Psychology Program (LAVENDER) for Preserving Medical Student Well-being: A Single-Arm Pilot Study.

Background: Mental health tends to worsen over the course of medical school, with steep declines in well-being in students' clerkship year (M3). Positive emotion promotes adaptive coping to stress and may help preserve medical student well-being.

Objective: This study describes the development of LAVENDER (Leveraging Affect and Valuing Empathy for Nurturing Doctors' Emotional Resilience), a program aimed at increasing positive emotion to preserve well-being in medical students.

The Impact of Tai Chi Exercise on Health Care Utilization and Imputed Cost in Residents of Low-Income Senior Housing.

Background/objectives: This study was designed to test the impact of Tai Chi (TC) on healthcare utilization and cost in older adults living in low-income senior housing. We hypothesized that TC would improve overall health enough to reduce the use of emergency department (ED) and inpatient services.

Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial with randomization at the housing site level.

Acute Systemic Experimental Inflammation Does Not Reduce Human Odor Identification Performance.

Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of various diseases, but the underlying pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that local inflammation of the olfactory epithelium is linked to olfactory dysfunction. However, whether systemic inflammation causes olfactory dysfunction is yet to be determined.

To stress or not to stress: Brain-behavior-immune interaction may weaken or promote the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to strongly affect people with health disadvantages, creating a heavy burden on medical systems and societies worldwide. Research is growing rapidly and recently revealed that stress-related factors such as socio-economic status, may also play a pivotal role. However, stress research investigating the underlying psychoneuroimmune interactions is missing.

A step-by-step guide for microsurgical collection of uncontaminated cerebrospinal fluid from rat cisterna magna.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is of significant clinical importance for the diagnosis of diseases. In humans, CSF is easily accessible and can be collected using minimally invasive methods. However, obtaining uncontaminated CSF from rats is still challenging.

Effects of Patients' Expectation in Dermatology: Evidence from Experimental and Clinical Placebo Studies and Implications for Dermatologic Practice and Research.

Patients' expectations towards the benefit of a treatment are key determinants of placebo responses and can affect the development and course of medical conditions and the efficacy and tolerability of active medical treatment. The mechanisms mediating these placebo and nocebo effects have been best described in the field of experimental pain and placebo analgesia. However, also in dermatology experimental and clinical studies demonstrate that various skin diseases such as inflammatory dermatoses and allergic reactions can be modulated by patients' expectations.

Regulation of emotions during experimental endotoxemia: A pilot study.

Even though dysfunctional emotion regulation is prominent in depression and a link between depression and inflammation is well established, there is little knowledge about how inflammation affects the regulation of emotions. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the effect of experimentally induced inflammation on the cognitive reappraisal of emotions, and to assess domain specificity by comparing success in regulation of emotions towards two unpleasant stimuli classes (general negative stimuli and disgust stimuli). In a between-subject design, ten healthy participants were injected with an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (2 ng/kg body weight) and eleven were injected with saline.

Psychologically informed physical therapy for musculoskeletal pain: current approaches, implications, and future directions from recent randomized trials.

Psychologically informed physical therapy (PIPT) blends psychological strategies within a physical therapist's treatment approach for the prevention and management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Several randomized trials have been conducted examining the efficacy of PIPT compared to standard physical therapy on important patient-reported outcomes of disability, physical function, and pain. In this review, we examine recent trials published since 2012 to describe current PIPT methods, discuss implications from findings, and offer future directions.

Corrigendum: Toward a Compassionate Intersectional Neuroscience: Increasing Diversity and Equity in Contemplative Neuroscience.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.

Tai Chi training's effect on lower extremity muscle co-contraction during single- and dual-task gait: Cross-sectional and randomized trial studies.

Background: Tai Chi (TC) mind-body exercise has been shown to reduce falls and improve balance and gait, however, few studies have evaluated the role of lower extremity muscle activation patterns in the observed benefits of TC on mobility.

Purpose: To perform an exploratory analysis of the association between TC training and levels of lower extremity muscle co-contraction in healthy adults during walking under single-task (ST) and cognitive dual-task (DT) conditions.

Methods: Surface electromyography of the anterior tibialis and lateral gastrocnemius muscles was recorded during 90 sec trials of overground ST (walking normally) and DT (walking with verbalized serial subtractions) walking.

[Can Stress Interact with SARS-CoV-2? A Narrative Review with a Focus on Stress-Reducing Interventions that may Improve Defence against COVID-19].

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is on the rise and causes many concerns and fears in the population as well as among medical care givers. This raises the question as to how psychosocial stress associated with the pandemic can be managed, and also if certain forms of stress can contribute to an increase in infections and critical illnesses.

Methods: Against the background of the current state of research on stress and the immune response, we provide a narrative review of studies addressing the question as to how stress can influence the immune defence against viral diseases.

Perceptions of Chiropractic Care Among Women With Migraine: A Qualitative Substudy Using a Grounded-Theory Framework.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize expectations, attitudes, and experiences of individuals with migraine who were randomly assigned to receive chiropractic care delivered within a randomized controlled trial in a hospital-based integrative care center.

Methods: This qualitative substudy was conducted as a part of a 2-arm pilot pragmatic randomized controlled trial investigating a multimodal model of chiropractic care for women with episodic migraine (4-13 migraines per month). Women were randomly assigned to chiropractic care (10 sessions over 14 weeks) plus enhanced usual care vs enhanced usual care alone.

A scoping review to map the concept, content, and outcome of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors.

Objectives: Systematic mapping of the concept, content, and outcome of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors.

Design: Scoping review.

Search Strategy: Searches were performed in 13 databases and the grey literature.

Psychometric properties of a new self-report measure of medical student stress using classic and modern test theory approaches.

Background: Medical students face significant stressors related to the intense rigors of their training and education. Accurate measurement of their stress is important to quickly identify, characterize and ameliorate these challenges. Existing measures have limitations that modern measurement approaches, such as item response theory (IRT), are able to address.

Interventions and Manipulations of Interoception.

Interoceptive pathways may be manipulated at various levels to develop interventions to improve symptoms in a range of disorders. Primarily through the lens of the respiratory system, we outline various pathways that can be manipulated at neural, behavioral, and psychological levels to change the representation of and attention to interoceptive signals, which can alter interconnected physiological systems and improve functioning and adaptive behavior. Interventions can alter interoception via neuromodulation of the vagus nerve, slow breathing to change respiratory rate and depth, or awareness processes such as mindfulness-based interventions.

Overcoming Barriers in Clinical Acupuncture Research: Translating Clinical Practice into Fundamental Science.

The translation of clinical practice into research presents unique challenges. This is especially the case in evaluating the effect of interventions in the management of chronic conditions such as pain, mental health, substance misuse, and oncology care. Chronic complex conditions might respond to different strategies at different points in time and may require an interdisciplinary approach to treatment.

Treatment with the calcineurin inhibitor and immunosuppressant cyclosporine A impairs sensorimotor gating in Dark Agouti rats.

Rationale: Calcineurin is a protein regulating cytokine expression in T lymphocytes and calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) are widely used for immunosuppressive therapy. It also plays a functional role in distinct neuronal processes in the central nervous system. Disturbed information processing as seen in neuropsychiatric disorders is reflected by deficient sensorimotor gating, assessed as prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR).

Clinically Meaningful Improvement Following Cervical Spine Surgery: 30% Reduction Versus Absolute Point-change MCID Values.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected registry data.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of 30% reduction to established absolute point-change values for measures of disability and pain in patients undergoing elective cervical spine surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Recent studies recommend using a proportional change from baseline instead of an absolute point-change value to define minimum clinically important difference (MCID).

Adaptive and Maladaptive Bodily Awareness: Distinguishing Interoceptive Sensibility and Interoceptive Attention from Anxiety-Induced Somatization in Autism and Alexithymia.

There is growing interest in "interoception" (i.e., detection and interpretation of internal body signals) as a relevant mechanism contributing to certain symptoms and features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and alexithymia.