Aspirin versus Clopidogrel monotherapy beyond 1 month after complex percutaneous coronary intervention: A pre-specified subgroup analysis of the STOPDAPT-3 trial.

Aims: There were no previous studies comparing aspirin versus P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy following short dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods And Results: We conducted a prespecified subgroup analysis based on complex PCI in the 1-year results of the STOPDAPT-3 trial, which randomly compared 1-month DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy (aspirin group) to 1-month prasugrel monotherapy followed by clopidogrel monotherapy (clopidogrel group). The main analysis in the present study was the 30-day landmark analysis.

Ethiodized Oil Pickering Emulsion for Sustained Release of Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies.

Purpose: This research aimed to develop and assess a Lipiodol Pickering emulsion containing anti-Programmed cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies through in vitro experiments.

Materials And Methods: The emulsion was created by combining Lipiodol with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Confocal laser microscopy was used to evaluate the encapsulation of the antibodies within the Pickering emulsion.

Comparison of Vessel Responses Following Combined Sirolimus-Eluting and Endothelial Progenitor Cell Stent and Ultra-Thin Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation by Serial Optical Coherence Tomography and Coronary Angioscopy: A Multicenter Observational Study.

A dual-therapy sirolimus-eluting and CD34+ antibody-coated Combo Stent (DTS) has been developed to enhance endothelization and capture endothelial progenitor cells; however, vessel responses following DTS implantation remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated early- and mid-term intravascular characteristics of DTS using intravascular imaging modalities. This multicenter, prospective, observational study enrolled 88 patients (95 lesions) who underwent DTS (43 patients, 48 lesions) or sirolimus-eluting Orsiro stent (SES, 45 patients, 47 lesions) implantation.

Increased fecal glycocholic acid levels correlate with obesity in conjunction with the depletion of archaea: the DOSANCO Health Study.

Background: Recent studies have focused on the relationship between obesity and gut microbiota. This study aims to identify fecal components and gut bacterial species associated with different BMI categories.

Methods: In this study, 538 participants aged ≥18 years were categorized into underweight, normal, and obese groups based on BMI (cutoffs: 18.

Intracellular dark endothelial spots detected using specular microscopy are associated with graft failure after Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between intracellular dark endothelial spots (IDESs) detected by specular microscopy and the incidence of graft failure after Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods: We reviewed 100 consecutive DMEK patients performed by a single surgeon at two centres between January 2015 and July 2022. Central corneal thickness was evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-1000; Tomey, Aichi, Japan), and endothelial cell density was measured using specular microscopy.

Novel Variants and Clinical Features of Hearing Loss in a Large Japanese Cohort.

Background/objectives: The gene is responsible for autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and is assigned as DFNB18B. To date, 44 causative variants have been reported to cause non-syndromic hearing loss. However, the detailed clinical features for -associated hearing loss remain unclear.

NADH Reductive Stress and Its Correlation with Disease Severity in Leigh Syndrome: A Pilot Study Using Patient Fibroblasts and a Mouse Model.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical cofactor in mitochondrial energy production. The NADH/NAD ratio, reflecting the balance between NADH (reduced) and NADoxidized, is a key marker for the severity of mitochondrial diseases. We recently developed a streamlined LC-MS/MS method for the precise measurement of NADH and NAD.

Detection and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells in Colorectal Cancer Patients via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers.

Liquid biopsy methods have gained prominence as minimally invasive tools to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offer valuable insights into both primary and metastatic lesions. However, validating the CTC test results requires confirmation that the detected cells originate from cancer tissue.

Non-Invasive Detection of Tumors by Volatile Organic Compounds in Urine.

Cancer is one of the major causes of death, and as it becomes more malignant, it becomes an intractable disease that is difficult to cure completely. Therefore, early detection is important to increase the survival rate. For this reason, testing with blood biomarkers is currently common.

Impact of maternal overweight/obesity and high fasting plasma glucose on adverse perinatal outcomes in early gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To elucidate risk factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in early-gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 385 early-GDM cases from a prospective cohort was analyzed. Early-GDM was diagnosed if one or more of the following criteria were met: fasting plasma glucose (PG) levels of 92-125 mg/dL, 1-h PG levels ≥180 mg/dL, and 2-h PG levels ≥153 mg/dL during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test before 20 weeks of gestation.

Impact of Spinal Instrumentation on Early Postoperative Inflammatory Markers: A Comparative Analysis in the Same Patient Cohort with or without Instrumentation.

Backgrounds: Postoperative inflammatory parameters are important markers of surgical site infection. Some authors have reported that spine surgery with instrumentation elevates CRP levels more than that without instrumentation does. However, those studies compared early postoperative inflammatory markers with or without instrumentation in different patients, although CRP levels vary widely among patients.

Pertuzumab Retreatment for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Locally Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer (PRECIOUS Study): Final Overall Survival Analysis.

In the primary analysis of the open-label phase III PRECIOUS study, pertuzumab retreatment combined with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy of physician's choice (PTC) significantly improved investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) compared with trastuzumab plus physician's choice chemotherapy (TC) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer (LA/mBC). Here, we report final overall survival (OS) at the median follow-up of 25.8 months.

A Simple Sensitivity Analysis Method for Unmeasured Confounders via Linear Programming With Estimating Equation Constraints.

In estimating the average treatment effect in observational studies, the influence of confounders should be appropriately addressed. To this end, the propensity score is widely used. If the propensity scores are known for all the subjects, bias due to confounders can be adjusted by using the inverse probability weighting (IPW) by the propensity score.

Feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial cancer of the remnant esophagus after esophagectomy.

Background: Endoscopic treatment for second primary malignancies after esophagectomy has been increasingly performed; however, evidence regarding the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial cancer of the remnant esophagus after esophagectomy (SCREE) is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively extracted cases of ESD for SCREE from our institutional database, which included 739 consecutive esophageal ESD procedures performed between January 2009 and September 2023. Information on prior treatment, clinical features of the lesions, and outcomes was evaluated.

Proximal junctional disease 5 years after surgery for L4 degenerative spondylolisthesis: comparing PLIF versus minimally invasive decompression.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the incidence of radiological adjacent segment disease (R-ASD) at L3/4 between patients with L4/5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) who underwent L4/5 posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and those who underwent microscopic bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach (MBDU) at L4/5. Our ultimate goal was to distinguish the course of natural lumbar degeneration from fusion-related degeneration while eliminating L4/5 decompression as a confounder.

Methods: Ninety patients with L4/5 DS who underwent L4/5 PLIF (n = 53) or MBDU (n = 37) and were followed for at least 5 years were retrospectively analyzed.

Eosinophil is a predictor of severe immune-related adverse events induced by ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Introduction: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors are difficult to predict and can lead to severe events. Although it is important to develop strategies for the early detection of severe irAEs, there is a lack of evidence on irAEs associated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between eosinophil and severe irAEs in patients receiving ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for RCC.

Plaque morphological changes after drug-coated balloon angioplasty according to underlying plaque components.

A 52-year-old man with a short chronic total occlusion in the left superficial femoral artery underwent drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty. Evaluation using integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound revealed that the plaque volume of fibrosis was compressed just after treatment (from 494.67 mm to 398.

Raman signatures of type A and B influenza viruses: molecular origin of the "" inactivation mechanism mediated by micrometric silicon nitride powder.

A multiomic study of the structural characteristics of type A and B influenza viruses by means of highly spectrally resolved Raman spectroscopy is presented. Three virus strains, A H1N1, A H3N2, and B98, were selected because of their known structural variety and because they have co-circulated with variable relative prevalence within the human population since the re-emergence of the H1N1 subtype in 1977. Raman signatures of protein side chains tyrosine, tryptophan, and histidine revealed unequivocal and consistent differences for pH characteristics at the virion surface, while different conformations of two C-S bond configurations in and methionine rotamers provided distinct low-wavenumber fingerprints for different virus lineages/subtypes.

Torn spiral patch repair of ventricular septation for single ventricle associated with D-malposition of the great arteries after 40 years.

A 50-year-old man presented with shortness of breath. The patient underwent ventricular septation for a single ventricle with L-malposition of the great arteries at 6 years of age. Examinations revealed that the calcified patch for septation was torn and perforated, resulting in a left-to-right shunt.

WT1-mRNA dendritic cell vaccination of patients with glioblastoma multiforme, malignant pleural mesothelioma, metastatic breast cancer, and other solid tumors: type 1 T-lymphocyte responses are associated with clinical outcome.

Cell therapies, including tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells used as therapeutic cancer vaccines, offer treatment options for patients with malignancies. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, immunogenicity, and clinical activity of adjuvant vaccination with Wilms' tumor protein (WT1) mRNA-electroporated autologous dendritic cells (WT1-mRNA/DC) in a single-arm phase I/II clinical study of patients with advanced solid tumors receiving standard therapy. Disease status and immune reactivity were evaluated after 8 weeks and 6 months.

Wound irrigation and peritoneal lavage with antiseptic/antibiotic solution before wound closure during gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) can affect mortality, morbidity, and medical costs. Although it has recently been reported that washing with antiseptic/antibiotic solution can prevent SSI in clean surgery, the clinical impact in gastrointestinal surgery is still uncertain. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptic/antibiotic solution during wound irrigation or peritoneal lavage in gastroenterological surgery.

Elevated A2F bisect N-glycans of serum IgA reflect progression of liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD.

Background: Advanced liver fibrosis in cases of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The current gold standard for liver fibrosis is invasive liver biopsy. Therefore, a less invasive biomarker that accurately reflects the stage of liver fibrosis is highly desirable.

Pharmacological and structural insights into nanvuranlat, a selective LAT1 (SLC7A5) inhibitor, and its N-acetyl metabolite with implications for cancer therapy.

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5), overexpressed in various cancers, mediates the uptake of essential amino acids crucial for tumor growth. It has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy. Nanvuranlat (JPH203/KYT-0353), a LAT1 inhibitor, has shown antitumor activity in preclinical studies and efficacy in biliary tract cancer during clinical trials.

An S100A8/A9 neutralizing antibody potently ameliorates contact hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis symptoms.

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are pervasive inflammatory skin diseases with similar symptoms, and the global prevalence of both conditions is steadily rising. Many compounds and biotics have been developed to target molecules critical to the etiology or pathogenesis of CHS and AD. However, such molecules are sometimes ineffective or lose potency over the therapeutic course.