Association between salt intake and blood pressure among community-dwelling older adults based on their physical frailty status.

The effects of salt reduction and adequate nutrition intake among older adults with physical frailty remain controversial. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the association between daily salt intake and blood pressure among community-dwelling older adults, including the very old people, based on their physical frailty status. This cross-sectional study used data from the SONIC study, a cohort study on older adults, collected between 2010 and 2012.

Prognostic Analysis of Pathological Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring Major EGFR Mutations.

Background: While Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has favorable outcomes with targeted therapy, early-stage prognosis remains influenced by pathological factors and central nervous system (CNS) recurrence. The study aimed to clarify prognostic factors in pathological stage (pStage) I EGFR mutation-positive LUAD.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, 2,191 pStage I LUAD cases with known EGFR status (excluding EGFR testing after recurrence) who received anatomical resection were included from multiple institutions in Japan.

Detection of epileptogenic zones in people with epilepsy using optimized EEG-fMRI.

Purpose: Concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used to assist in the presurgical localization of seizure foci in people with epilepsy. Our study aimed to examine the clinical feasibility of an optimized concurrent EEG-fMRI protocol.

Methods: The optimized protocol employed a fast-fMRI sequence (sampling rate = 10 Hz) with a spare arrangement, which allowed a time window of 1.

Hydrogel coils in intracranial aneurysm treatment: a multicenter, prospective, randomized open-label trial.

Objective: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of hydrogel-coated coils (HGCs) to achieve the composite endpoint of decreased recanalization rates and greater safety. Herein, the authors aimed to assess the true ability of second-generation HGCs to prevent recanalization.

Methods: This randomized controlled study, the HYBRID (Hydrocoil Versus Bare Platinum Coil in Recanalization Imaging Data) trial, comparing HGCs with bare platinum coils (BPCs), was conducted in 43 Japanese institutions.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Tumor Microenvironment Analysis in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Amplified Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Phase II TRIUMPH Trial.

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies have shown promise in treating -amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Identifying optimal biomarkers for treatment decisions remains challenging. This study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting treatment responses to trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (TP) in patients with -amplified mCRC from the phase II TRIUMPH trial.

Endoscopic diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease, and its incidence and prevalence have recently increased. Eosinophilic esophagitis has not become a rare disease; thus, knowledge for diagnosing it is needed in current clinical practice. The adequate management of endoscopic procedures is particularly important for the diagnosis and evaluation of inflammatory activity and therapeutic responses.

Experiences of Patients and Families Living with Krabbe Disease.

The challenges faced by patients with Krabbe disease remain unelucidated. This study aimed to identify these challenges and facilitate the development of methods for assessing the quality of life. This qualitative descriptive study used in-person or online semistructured interviews from March to December 2022 using a qualitative content analysis approach.

Therapeutic Intervention for Trunk Control Impairments in Central Nervous System Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Efficacy.

Objectives: Trunk control involves multiple brain regions related to motor control systems. Therefore, patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders frequently exhibit impaired trunk control, decreasing their activities of daily living (ADL). Although some therapeutic interventions for trunk impairments have been effective, their general effects on CNS disorders remain unclear.

Prognostic significance of the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old for the incidence of functional disability: The Shizuoka Kokuho Database study.

Aim: In the Japanese health checkup system for older adults aged ≥75 years, the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old (QMCOO) was adopted after 2020. However, the prognostic significance of this questionnaire for the incidence of functional disability is uncertain. The current study aimed to validate the prognostic significance of the QMCOO, and to develop a simple risk score for functional disability by analyzing health insurance claims data including annual health checkup data.

Related factors of postoperative half-year care utilization for health status and recovery in older adults with hip fracture: A retrospective study of Osaka National Health Insurance Data.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative patient factors and postoperative half-year health care utilization reflecting recovery, common complications, comorbidities, and significant health concerns, identifying strong risk and protective factors.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized linear, quantile, and ordinal regressions to analyze Osaka National Health Insurance data from 26 606 elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2012 and 2018.

Results: The key factors associated with multiple postoperative care utilizations (P < 0.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and neuroimaging-based brain age in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia: A multicenter study.

Aim: Despite the clinical importance and significant social burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, the underlying neurobiological mechanism remains poorly understood. Recently, neuroimaging-derived brain-age estimation by machine-learning analysis has shown promise as an individual-level biomarker. We investigated the relationship between NPS and brain-age in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia.

Efficacy of anifrolumab on systemic lupus erythematosus patients with serological manifestations: A post hoc analysis of the Japan subgroup of the TULIP-2 Trial.

Objectives: To describe the efficacy of anifrolumab vs. placebo in Japanese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low complement (C3 or C4) and/or who are positive for anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies.

Methods: This was a descriptive post hoc analysis of Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations in the TULIP-2 trial who received either anifrolumab or placebo.

Impact of switching from bisphosphonates to denosumab, teriparatide, or romosozumab in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a case-control study.

Unlabelled: This case-control study investigated the impact of switching from bisphosphonates to denosumab, teriparatide, or romosozumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Romosozumab demonstrated the most significant improvements in bone mineral density, particularly in the lumbar spine and total hip, by reducing bone resorption and increasing bone formation markers.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of switching from bisphosphonates (BP) to denosumab (DMAb), teriparatide (TPTD), or romosozumab (ROMO) in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Two reductases complete steroidal glycoalkaloids biosynthesis in potato.

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are specialized metabolites primarily produced by Solanaceae plants such as potatoes and tomatoes. Notably, α-solanine and α-chaconine are recognized as toxic substances in potatoes. While the biosynthetic pathways of SGAs are largely understood, the final steps of α-solanine and α-chaconine biosynthesis remained elusive.

Prevalence of keratoconus and keratoconus suspect, and their characteristics on corneal tomography in a population-based study.

Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal disorder resulting in severe visual impairment. We aimed to determine the prevalence and corneal tomographic characteristics of KC and keratoconus suspect (KCS) in a population-based study, and to construct discrimination models with or without corneal tomography. A total of 1,544 eyes (822 participants aged ≥35 years) were evaluated using data from the Yamagata Study (2015-2017).

Recommendations for mitochondria transfer and transplantation nomenclature and characterization.

Intercellular mitochondria transfer is an evolutionarily conserved process in which one cell delivers some of their mitochondria to another cell in the absence of cell division. This process has diverse functions depending on the cell types involved and physiological or disease context. Although mitochondria transfer was first shown to provide metabolic support to acceptor cells, recent studies have revealed diverse functions of mitochondria transfer, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of mitochondria quality of the donor cell and the regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodelling.

Investigating dosage effects of ovulation inhibitors on oocyte maturation in assisted reproductive technology: A retrospective study among patients with normal ovarian reserve.

The judicious selection of ovulation inhibitors in ovarian stimulation protocols is crucial for the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Herein, we investigate the dose-dependent effects of chlormadinone acetate (CMA) and cetrorelix, two distinct ovulation inhibitors, on oocyte maturation in patients with normal ovarian reserve, using univariable and multivariable Poisson regression analyses. Patients undergoing progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) with CMA (n = 299) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) with cetrorelix (n = 605) during their initial in vitro fertilization cycle were enrolled at our center from March 2018 to October 2020 (N = 904).

Screening of Aβ and phosphorylated tau status in the cerebrospinal fluid through machine learning analysis of portable electroencephalography data.

Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) through pathological markers is typically costly and invasive. This study aims to find a noninvasive, cost-effective method using portable electroencephalography (EEG) to detect changes in AD-related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A total of 102 patients, both with and without AD-related biomarker changes (amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau), were recorded using a 2-minute resting-state portable EEG.

Detection of Multiple Tibial Malalignment-Induced Early Polyethylene Breakage Using Single Plane Fluoroscopy: A Case Report.

Case: A 75-year-old woman underwent cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteonecrosis of the knee, converted from unicompartmental arthroplasty due to an intraoperative medial tibial plateau fracture. Four years later, she experienced persistent knee pain. Computed tomography revealed tibial malalignments in 2 planes.

Basic research for ultrasound-guided injection into skeletal muscle lesions in an experimental animal model.

Aims: Ultrasound-guided injection techniques are expected to enhance therapeutic efficacy for skeletal muscle injuries and disorders, but basic knowledge is lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for abnormal skeletal muscle lesions, and to examine the distribution patterns of solution and cells injected into abnormal muscle lesions under ultrasound guidance.

Methods: A cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury model was used.

Quantitative Assessment of Delivered Dose in Carbon Ion Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy (C-SFRT) and Biological Response to C-SFRT.

Objective Applying carbon ion beams, which have high linear energy transfer and low scatter within the human body, to Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) could benefit the treatment of deep-seated or radioresistant tumors. This study aims to simulate the dose distributions of spatially fractionated beams (SFB) to accurately determine the delivered dose and model the cell survival rate following SFB irradiation. Approach Dose distributions of carbon ion beams are calculated using the Triple Gaussian Model.

The preference for surprise in reinforcement learning underlies the differences in developmental changes in risk preference between autistic and neurotypical youth.

Background: Risk preference changes nonlinearly across development. Although extensive developmental research on the neurotypical (NTP) population has shown that risk preference is highest during adolescence, developmental changes in risk preference in autistic (AUT) people, who tend to prefer predictable behaviors, have not been investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate these changes and underlying computational mechanisms.

Successful Diagnosis of Sengers Syndrome Using a Comprehensive Genomic Analysis.

Background: Sengers syndrome is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital cataracts, skeletal myopathy, exercise intolerance, and lactic acidosis. Dysfunction of acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is responsible for the disease, and several AGK gene variants have been reported.

Methods: We employed a comprehensive genomic analysis approach, including whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing, combined with various bioinformatics tools.

Novel anticoagulation therapy using apple watch after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation-Up to AF trial: Design and rationale.

Background: Continuous anticoagulation based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score is recommended to prevent embolism caused by atrial fibrillation (AF), but it does not consider AF episodes. The Apple Watch's continuous heart rhythm monitoring and fast-acting direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) could enable precise, episode-tailored anticoagulation, reducing bleeding risks while preventing stroke. This study evaluates Apple Watch-guided personalized anticoagulation therapy, adjusting DOAC usage based on real-time AF detection.