Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis for difference identification of ceramic samples.

A nondestructive analytical method for difference identification is required in the research fields such as forensic science or archeology. An X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is one of feasible techniques for this purpose. Micro-XRF using an X-ray micro-beam gives elemental distributions by scanning the samples.

Electron-Transfer Protocol for the Hydroxyalkenylation of Alkenes Using 1,2-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene.

We report a protocol for alkene hydroxyalkenylation. Using a persulfate anion as a one-electron-oxidation reagent and 1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene as a radical acceptor in the presence of water, alkenes were converted into the corresponding 1-phenylsulfonyl-4-hydroxyalkenes in good to high yields. The hydroxyalkenylation process involves the nucleophilic hydroxylation of alkene radical cations to give β-hydroxyalkyl radicals, which, after a radical addition/β-elimination sequence, provide the products.

Photocatalytic Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes by Molecular Oxygen: Reaction Scope, Mechanistic Insights, and Flow Application.

The oxidative cleavage of C═C bonds with molecular oxygen was promoted effectively by a catalytic amount of a decatungstate photocatalyst using black light irradiation (365 nm). Not only aromatic ketones but also aliphatic ketones were obtained by the photocatalytic protocol. The continuous flow reaction of α-methylstyrene using a high-power ultraviolet light-emitting diode (365 nm) dramatically decreased the reaction time.

Tensile strength of nanocrystalline FeCoNi medium-entropy alloy fabricated using electrodeposition.

Crystal-grain refinement is one of the effective approaches to obtaining high-strength materials. A good strength/ductility balance has been reported in fine grains of high- and medium-entropy alloys. However, crystal-grain refinement at the nanometer scale has not been achieved yet.

New directions in radical carbonylation chemistry: combination with electron catalysis, photocatalysis and ring-opening.

Radical carbonylation offers potent methods for introducing carbon monoxide into organic molecules. This feature article focuses on our current efforts to develop new strategies for radical carbonylation, which include electron-transfer carbonylation, site-selective C(sp)-H carbonylation by a photocatalyst and ring-opening carbonylation.