Intensive endoscopic resection for downstaging of polyp burden in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (J-FAPP Study III): a multicenter prospective interventional study.

Background: Total colectomy is the standard treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Recently, an increasing number of young patients with FAP have requested the postponement of surgery or have refused to undergo surgery. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive endoscopic removal for downstaging of polyp burden (IDP) in FAP.

SARS-CoV-2 suppression and early closure of bars and restaurants: a longitudinal natural experiment.

Despite severe economic damage, full-service restaurants and bars have been closed in hopes of suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. This paper explores whether the early closure of restaurants and bars in February 2021 reduced symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan. Using a large-scale nationally representative longitudinal survey, we found that the early closure of restaurants and bars decreased the utilization rate among young persons (OR 0.

Long-term survival of patients with T1bN0M0 esophageal cancer after thoracoscopic esophagectomy using data from JCOG0502: a prospective multicenter trial.

Background: Thoracoscopic esophagectomy (TE) is considered the standard surgery for esophageal cancer because of its superiority over open esophagectomy (OE) in terms of short-term outcomes. However, few prospective multicenter studies have evaluated its long-term survival after TE. This study aimed to investigate whether the prognosis for patients with T1bN0M0 esophageal cancer after TE is not inferior to OE using data from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG0502), a prospective multicenter trial comparing esophagectomy with chemoradiotherapy.

Outgrowth of erlotinib-resistant subpopulations recapitulated in patient-derived lung tumor spheroids and organoids.

A model that recapitulates development of acquired therapeutic resistance is needed to improve oncology drug development and patient outcomes. To achieve this end, we established methods for the preparation and growth of spheroids from primary human lung adenocarcinomas, including methods to culture, passage, monitor growth, and evaluate changes in mutational profile over time. Primary lung tumor spheroids were cultured in Matrigel® with varying concentrations of erlotinib, a small molecule kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that is ineffective against KRAS mutant cells.

Can we safely reduce the radiation dose to the heart while compromising the dose to the lungs in oesophageal cancer patients?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate which clinical and treatment-related factors are associated with heart and lung toxicity in oesophageal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation (CRT). The secondary objective was to analyse whether these toxicities are associated with overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of a retrospective cohort of 216 oesophageal cancer patients treated with curative CRT.

Reproductive and lifestyle factors related to breast cancer among Japanese women: An observational cohort study.

The incidence of breast cancer among Japanese women is substantially increasing. This study evaluated the effects of reproductive and lifestyle factors with respect to breast cancer overall and separately among pre- and postmenopausal women using data from the Three-Prefecture Cohort Study of Japan.A total of 33,410 women aged 40 to 79 years completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included items about menstrual and reproductive history and other lifestyle factors.

eradication treatment for gastric carcinoma prevention in asymptomatic or dyspeptic adults: systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objectives: Recent meta-analyses of eradication therapy in -infected adults reported significant reductions in gastric carcinoma risk. However, concerns about supporting unfocused screening and eradication programme in healthy, asymptomatic populations have arisen. We performed a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis to provide an accurate interpretation of randomised evidence on the preventive effectiveness of eradication therapy on gastric carcinoma risk.

Cessation of nilotinib in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who have maintained deep molecular responses for 2 years: a multicenter phase 2 trial, stop nilotinib (NILSt).

The aim of this multicenter phase 2 trial, Stop Nilotinib (NILSt), was to examine the safety and efficacy of discontinuation of nilotinib in patients with chronic phase (CP)-chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Patients with CP-CML who had achieved molecular response (MR) after initiation of imatinib or nilotinib therapy received consolidation therapy with nilotinib 300-400 mg twice daily for up to 24 months. Patients who maintained MR at 24 months of consolidation therapy proceeded to discontinuation of nilotinib.

Analysis of Dietary Factors Affecting Body Mass Index in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is correlated with the outcomes of various metabolic and pathological conditions. To elucidate the factors affecting BMI in elderly persons, we studied elderly persons with and without diabetes mellitus for BMI management target values using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Methods: We conducted a dietary survey targeting 60 elderly outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes group, 70.

British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of patients at risk of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Gastric adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis, in part due to the late stage of diagnosis. Risk factors include infection, family history of gastric cancer-in particular, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and pernicious anaemia. The stages in the progression to cancer include chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy (GA), gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and dysplasia.

Sex differences in the safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin and S-1 plus cisplatin for patients with metastatic gastric cancer.

Previous studies have shown sex-related differences in the incidence of adverse events following treatment with fluoropyrimidines, however the mechanism of this difference is unknown. We examined sex-related differences in the safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) and S-1 plus cisplatin (CS) in 663 metastatic gastric cancer patients taking part in a phase III study. The incidences of leukopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.

Multifocal origin of occupational cholangiocarcinoma revealed by comparison of multilesion mutational profiles.

Recently identified occupational cholangiocarcinoma among printing workers is characterized by chronic bile duct injuries and precancerous or early cancerous lesions at multiple sites of the bile ducts. These observations suggested the potential multifocal carcinogenesis of the disease. We performed whole-exome analysis of multiple lesions, including the invasive carcinomas and precancerous lesions of four occupational cholangiocarcinoma cases.

Heated tobacco products use in Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: We investigated heated tobacco products (HTPs) use and associated factors in Chinese adults in Hong Kong where HTPs are not formally marketed yet, and cigarette smoking prevalence was the lowest in the developed world.

Methods: A population-based landline telephone survey in 2017 interviewed 5131 (45.2% male; 26.

Utility of a standardized training program for endoscopic diagnosis of early gastrointestinal neoplasia.

 Image enhanced endoscopy (IEE) allows endoscopists to improve recognition and characterization of gastrointestinal neoplasia. The Asian Novel Bio-Imaging and Intervention Group (ANBIG) conducted a standardized training program in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancers in Asia. We embarked on a study to investigate the effect of this module on endoscopic diagnosis of early gastrointestinal neoplasia.

Coffee Consumption and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality - Three-Prefecture Cohort in Japan.

Background: Coffee, which contains various bioactive compounds, is one of the most popular beverages. Further accumulation of evidence is needed, however, to confirm whether coffee consumption would be effective in preventing cardiovascular disease in the general Japanese population.

Methods and results: We evaluated the association between coffee consumption frequency (never, sometimes, 1-2 cups/day, 3-4 cups/day and ≥5 cups/day) and mortality from all causes, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease, in 39,685 men and 43,124 women aged 40-79 years at baseline, in a 3-prefecture cohort study.

Non-contrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the salivary glands.

Background: Use of contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging is considered standard practice for investigating mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) in the salivary glands. The purpose of this study was to present the common features of MEC on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without contrast enhancements, and to investigate the possibility of discriminating between MEC and pleomorphic adenoma based on the features observed on both modalities.

Methods: Twenty cases of biopsy-confirmed MEC originating in the salivary glands were reviewed and characterized by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists with regard to the following aspects: detectability, margin, border, encapsulation, content, contrast between lesion and masticator muscle, and bone changes.

Polypoid nodule scar after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: results from a multicenter study.

 A post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) scar is expected to look homogeneous, however, some patients develop benign polypoid nodule scar (PNS). Incidence of PNS is unknown, yet these scars have direct clinical implications because they may render evaluation of post-ESD neoplastic recurrence difficult. Therefore, we reviewed the clinical experience of 5 ESD referral centers and evaluated their PNS incidence and clinical management.

An open-label, randomized, phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of standard of care with or without bevacizumab in platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer patients previously treated with bevacizumab for front-line or platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: rationale, design, and methods of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group study JGOG3023.

Background: We present the study rationale and design of the JGOG3023 study, an open-label, parallel-arm, randomized, phase II trial that aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who were previously treated with bevacizumab for front-line or platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. We hypothesize that patients treated with a combination of single-agent chemotherapy and bevacizumab will show improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with those treated with single-agent chemotherapy alone, in the setting beyond disease progression following prior bevacizumab treatment.

Methods/design: A total of 106 patients who have recurrence or progression of ovarian cancer, while receiving chemotherapy or within 6 months after the final dose of platinum, after completing at least three cycles of bevacizumab plus platinum chemotherapy will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with single-agent chemotherapy or single-agent chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab.

Early tumor shrinkage and depth of response in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective analysis of a randomized phase III study of first-line S-1 plus oxaliplatin vs. S-1 plus cisplatin.

Background: We investigated early tumor shrinkage (ETS) and depth of response (DpR) using data from the G-SOX study comparing S-1 plus oxaliplatin with S-1 plus cisplatin as the first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods: ETS was determined as % decrease in the sum of the longest diameters of the target lesions at the first evaluation of week 6 compared to baseline. DpR was the maximum % shrinkage during the study treatment.

[Survey of the Requested Function for Quality Assurance System for Images (Kenzo System)].

As the use of filmless examination images, using various systems, has increased, and became common to perform KAKUTEI and save the images. In particular, the use of quality assurance system for images (Kenzo system) has increased to ensure the efficient performance of confirmed image. However, there has been no report showing what kind of function should be used or how to write the specifications of such a function in introducing the Kenzo system.

Adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 after curative chemoradiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Reanalysis of the ACTS-HNC study.

Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has improved organ preservation or overall survival (OS) of locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (LAHNSCC), but in clinical trials of conventional CRT, increasing CRT intensity has not been shown to improve OS. In the Adjuvant ChemoTherapy with S-1 after curative treatment in patients with Head and Neck Cancer (ACTS-HNC) phase III study, OS of curative locoregional treatments improved more with adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 (tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium) than with tegafur/uracil (UFT). ACTS HNC study showed the significant efficacy of S-1 after curative radiotherapy in sub-analysis.