Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in tobacco use behaviour: A longitudinal cohort study in Japan.

Background: Novel tobacco product such as heated tobacco products have recently increased as a result of being promoted less harmful alternatives to cigarettes. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use may differ depending on the type of tobacco.

Methods: We longitudinally investigated changes in tobacco use over a one-year period using internet-based and self-reported questionnaires among Japanese aged 15 to 79 years.

Characteristics of cadence during continuous walking in daily life.

Despite the acknowledged relationship between the usual (preferred) walking speed (UWS) and health, there is currently no practical method available to reliably and accurately detect slight changes in UWS. This study aimed to explore whether either of the following two phenomena occurs during continuous daily walking in various periods: (a) Similarity between the most frequent cadences in the two periods. (b) The occurrence of the most frequent cadence in at least one of the two periods during the other period, with a frequency close to that of the most frequent cadence.

[Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination and approval rating of the social implementation of its certification: the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS) in September and October 2021].

Objective　We aimed to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination and approval rating of the social implementation of its certification to stimulate economic activities such as travel and restaurant use ("vaccine passport").Methods　Using data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS) conducted in September-October 2021, we calculated the prevalence of the COVID-19 vaccination and prevalence ratios by educational level and occupation. We also analyzed the reasons for (not) being vaccinated.

Income and education are associated with transitions in health status among community-dwelling older people in Japan: the JAGES cohort study.

Background: Health inequalities are an emerging issue in ageing societies, but inequalities in pre-frailty, which is suffered by almost half of older people, are mostly unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between the socio-economic status (SES) and changes across pre-frailty, frailty, disability and all-cause mortality.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study across 23 Japanese municipalities between 2010 and 2013.