Automated spinopelvic measurements on radiographs with artificial intelligence: a multi-reader study.

Purpose: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for automated measurements of spinopelvic parameters on lateral radiographs and compare its performance to multiple experienced radiologists and surgeons.

Methods: On lateral full-spine radiographs of 295 consecutive patients, a two-staged region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) was trained to detect anatomical landmarks and calculate thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Performance was evaluated on 65 radiographs not used for training, which were measured independently by 6 readers (3 radiologists, 3 surgeons), and the median per measurement was set as the reference standard.

Reducing postoperative morbidity by diminishing chest tube drainage utilizing tranexamic acid following vertebral body tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a non-fusion surgical option for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) that requires a postoperative (PO) chest tube. This study evaluates whether 48 h of PO TXA reduces chest tube (CT) drainage and retention compared to 24 h of TXA following VBT for AIS.

Methods: Consecutively treated patients with a diagnosis of AIS who underwent VBT were assessed.

ISCT MSC committee statement on the US FDA approval of allogenic bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

The December 2024 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Mesoblast's Ryoncil (remestemcel-L-rknd)-allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC(M)) therapy-in pediatric acute steroid-refractory graft-versus-host-disease finally ended a long-lasting drought on approved MSC clinical products in the United States. While other jurisdictions-including Europe, Japan, India, and South Korea-have marketed autologous or allogeneic MSC products, the United States has lagged in its approval. The sponsor's significant efforts and investments, working closely with the FDA addressing concerns regarding clinical efficacy and consistent MSC potency through an iterative process that spanned several years, was rewarded with this landmark approval.

Comparing the Palmar Radiocarpal Artery Vascularized Bone Graft with Alternatives for Unstable Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: We compared the radiographic union and magnitude of humpback deformity correction when using different vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) and nonvascularized bone grafts (NVBGs) in the treatment of unstable scaphoid nonunions (USNUs).

Methods: This was a retrospective radiographic review of 93 patients with an USNU treated between 2013 and 2022 at a single center by a single surgeon. Inclusion criteria included skeletally mature patients with radiographic evidence of an USNU resulting from failure of either nonsurgical or operative treatment.

TRAF1 promotes osteoclastogenesis by enhancing metabolic adaptation to oxidative phosphorylation in an AKT-dependent manner.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) is a crucial signaling adaptor involved in multiple cellular events. However, its role in regulating osteoclastogenesis and energy metabolism remains unclear. Here, we report that TRAF1 promotes osteoclastogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).

Review of upper extremity passive joint impedance identification in people with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) progressively leads to loss of limb function due to muscle weakness. The incurable nature of the disease shifts the focus to improving quality of life, including assistive supports to improve arm function. Over time, the passive joint impedance (Jimp) of people with DMD increases.

Correlations between spinopelvic parameters and health-related quality of life in degenerative lumbar scoliosis patients before and after long -level fusion surgery.

Background: For degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS), prior studies mainly focused on the preoperative relationship between spinopelvic parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lacking an exhaustive evaluation of the postoperative situation. Therefore, the postoperative parameters most closely bonded with clinical outcomes has not yet been well-defined in DLS patients. The objective of this study was to comprehensively assess the correlation between radiographic parameters and HRQoL before and after surgery, and to identified the most valuable spinopelvic parameters for postoperative curative effect.

Posteromedial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy has favourable outcomes in simultaneous medial meniscus posterior root repair and varus medial knee osteoarthritis patients without concomitant root tear.

Purpose: To evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes in two patient groups: first, varus aligned medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) patients who underwent posteromedial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (PMOWHTO) and simultaneous root repair; second, patients with varus medial knee osteoarthritis without MMPRT who underwent PMOWHTO.

Methods: Patients had MMPRT repair concomitant with PMOWHTO and varus medial knee osteoarthritis without concomitant root tear patients who underwent PMOWHTO and were reviewed. Radiographic parameters, medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and Knee Society Scores [KSSs, including the following subscores: knee score (KS) and knee function score (KFS)] were evaluated.

Temporary ectopic banking as a treatment option for mangled thumb: a case report.

Background: Management of the extensive soft tissue injuries remains a significant challenge in orthopedic and plastic reconstructive surgery. Since the thumb is responsible for 40% of the functions of the hand, saving and reconstructing a mangled thumb is essential for the patient's future.

Case Presentation: This case report describes the management of a severe occupational thumb injury in a 25-year-old white Persian male who sustained an occupational injury to his left thumb, resulting in extensive burn, crush injury to the distal and proximal phalanx, and severe soft tissue damage to the first metacarpal, thenar, and palmar areas.

Mechanical Wear of Degraded Articular Cartilage.

Purpose: To evaluate the mechanical wear of cartilage with different types of degradation.

Methods: Bovine osteochondral explants were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to mimic inflammatory conditions, with chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) to specifically remove glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), or with collagenase to degrade the collagen network during 5 days of culture. Viscoelastic properties of cartilage were characterized via indentation.

Asymptomatic female softball pitchers have altered hip morphology and cartilage composition.

Few studies have explored hip morphology and cartilage composition in female athletes or the impact of asymmetric repetitive loading, such as occurs during softball pitching. The current cross-sectional study assessed bilateral bony hip morphology on computed tomography imaging in collegiate-level softball pitchers ('Pitch1', n = 25) and cross-country runners ('Run', n = 13). Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess cartilage relaxation times in a second cohort of pitchers ('Pitch2', n = 10) and non-athletic controls ('Con', n = 4).

The posterior cruciate ligament angle in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees: the effect of gender, age, time from injury and tibial slope.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) angle in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees and correlate it with anatomical and demographic factors such as tibial slope, anterior tibial translation, age, gender, and time of injury.

Material And Methods: Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were clinically diagnosed with an ACL tear confirmed by MRI. For each patient, the following parameters were evaluated: PCL angle (PCLA), medial tibial slope (MTS), lateral tibial slope (LTS), medial anterior tibial translation (MATT), and lateral anterior tibial translation (LATT).

Biomechanical evaluation of the modified proximal femoral nail for the treatment of reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures.

The best treatment method for reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures (ROIFs) is still under debate. Our team designed the modified proximal femoral nail (MPFN) specially for treating such fractures. The objective of this research was to introduce the MPFN device and compare the biomechanical properties with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) and InterTAN nail via finite element modelling.

Biocompatibility of variable thicknesses of a novel directly printed aligner in orthodontics.

Direct printed aligners (DPAs) offer benefits like the ability to vary layer thickness within a single DPA and to 3D print custom-made removable orthodontic appliances. The biocompatibility of appliances made from Tera Harz TA-28 (Graphy Inc., Seoul, South Korea) depends on strict adherence to a standardized production and post-production protocol, including UV curing.

Structural, morphological and biological assessment of magnetic hydroxyapatite with superior hyperthermia potential for orthopedic applications.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an important constituent of natural bone. The properties of HA can be enhanced with the help of various ionic substitutions in the crystal lattice of HA. Iron (Fe) is a vital element present in bones and teeth.

Preoperative anxiety and depression are associated with poorer patient-reported outcomes following total ankle replacements.

Introduction: It is unclear how pre-operative anxiety/depression affects patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) following total ankle replacements (TAR). We investigated the effects of anxiety/depression on PROMs using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) following TAR.

Methods: PROMs data for primary TAR patients between 2011 and 2022 were extracted from a single-centre regional registry.

Efficacy and safety of conventional biplanar and triangulation method for sacroiliac screw placement in the treatment of unstable posterior pelvic ring fractures: A real-world retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The fixation method commonly employed worldwide for treating unstable fractures of the posterior pelvic ring is the percutaneous iliosacral screw technique. However, prolonged operation time and frequent fluoroscopies result in surgical risks. This study aimed to investigate whether a new triangulation method could reduce operative and fluoroscopy times and increase the accuracy of screw placement.

Medial collateral ligament ganglion cyst: a rare cause of medial knee pain.

Ganglion cysts are commonly found in areas of constant mechanical stress such as the joints and tendons of the wrist or hand as well as the anterior aspect of the ankle. In the knee, parameniscal cysts are often encountered secondary to meniscal tears or articular degeneration. Intra-articular ganglion cysts are uncommon and often arise from the cruciate ligaments and are found in the intercondylar notch.

Acute on chronic stress fracture after a medial malleolar osteotomy following osteochondral lesion of the talus treatment.

A patient in his 40s presented at the outpatient clinic with sudden pain and swelling over his medial malleolus, 16 weeks after he had undergone osteoperiosteal autografting with a medial malleolar osteotomy for his tertiary osteochondral lesion of the talus. Postoperatively, the patient was treated using the regular evidence-based rehabilitation protocol of 5 weeks of non-weight-bearing and 5 weeks of partial weight-bearing. However, after the confirmed radiological union the patient experienced an acute on chronic stress fracture through the osteotomy line.

Astrocyte-conditional knockout of MOB2 inhibits the phenotypic conversion of reactive astrocytes from A1 to A2 following spinal cord injury in mice.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), reactive astrocytes in the injured area are triggered after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to polarize into A1 astrocytes with a proinflammatory phenotype or A2 astrocytes with an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Monopolar spindle binder 2 (MOB2) induces astrocyte stellation, maintains cell homeostasis, and promotes neurite outgrowth; however, its role in the phenotypic transformation of reactive astrocytes remains unclear. Here, we confirmed for the first time that MOB2 is associated with A1/A2 phenotypic switching in reactive astrocytes following SCI in mice.

Osteonecrosis of the Humerus: Trends in Surgical Management of a Nationwide Sample From 2010 to 2021.

Introduction: The humeral head is the second most common site for osteonecrosis but its epidemiology is poorly described. This study aimed to better understand its treatment in the United States by 1) evaluating total operative procedures with rates normalized to the annual surgical volume; 2) determining trends of non-joint preserving (shoulder arthroplasty) vs. joint preserving procedures; and 3) quantifying rates of operative techniques in different aged cohorts (<50 vs.

Morphological map of the proximal ulna bare area: a computer-assisted anatomical study in relation to olecranon osteotomy.

Objective: The bare area is defined as a transverse region within the trochlear notch, serving as an optimal entry point for olecranon osteotomy due to the absence of articular cartilage coverage. However, there is limited research on the morphology and location of the bare area, and there is a lack of intuitive visual description. Thus, the purpose of this study is to delineate anatomical features of the bare area and visualize its morphology and refine the olecranon osteotomy approach.

Opioid Consumption Following Isolated and Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation and Reduction.

Background: Recurrent shoulder dislocations often lead to multiple encounters for reduction and eventual surgical stabilization, both of which involve exposure to opioids and potentially increase the risk of chronic opioid exposure. The purpose of our study was to characterize shoulder instability and compare pre- and post-reduction opioid usage in singular dislocators (SD) and recurrent dislocators (RD).

Methods: This retrospective study was performed at a single academic institution using a prospective database.

Muscle-Guided Mapping of the Post-Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification of the Elbow: A Novel CT-Based Study.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) involves abnormal bone formation in soft tissues near joints, commonly occurring after elbow trauma or surgery, leading to pain and functional limitations. Previous studies have primarily characterized HO distribution based on bony landmarks, lacking a detailed investigation into the characteristics of its distribution in periarticular soft tissue in post-traumatic elbows. This study aimed to (1) develop a muscle-guided classification system using computed tomography (CT) to map HO relative to elbow muscle-tendon units and (2) investigate correlations between HO location and severity.