Preclinical and clinical study on type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease.

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are candidate drug targets for therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we focused on mGlu3, a receptor subtype involved in synaptic regulation and neuroinflammation. mGlu3 mice showed an enhanced nigro-striatal damage and microglial activation in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

Isospora tiedetopetei n. sp. (Chromista: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from black-goggled tanagers Trichothraupis melanops (Vieillot, 1818) (Passeriformes: Thraupidae: Tachyphoninae) in South America.

Black-goggled tanagers Trichothraupis melanops (Vieillot, 1818) are passerine birds commonly observed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Argentina and Paraguay. Tanagers are among the passerines with the highest prevalence and density of coccidian parasites, mainly due to their frugivorous feeding habits that favor fecal-oral transmission. In this context, the current study identifies a new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 parasitizing black-goggled tanagers captured in the Itatiaia National Park, a protected area with a high degree of vulnerability in Southeastern Brazil.

Optimizing Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Critically Ill Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: This systematic review aims to evaluate the optimal management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in critically ill surgical patients, specifically focusing on positioning, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use, ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and pharmacological treatments.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted utilizing four databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and ProQuest. This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered with The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

Drug-drug interactions between palbociclib and proton pump inhibitors in early breast cancer: an exploratory analysis of PALLAS (ABCSG-42/AFT-05/BIG-14-13/PrE0109).

Background: Concomitant intake of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may create drug-drug interactions, potentially impacting efficacy of anticancer agents. In the phase III PALLAS trial, the addition of palbociclib capsules to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early breast cancer did not improve invasive disease-free survival (iDFS). We explored whether concomitant use of PPIs affected survival outcomes in patients treated with palbociclib in PALLAS.

Ten-year update of HOBOE phase III trial comparing triptorelin plus either tamoxifen or letrozole or zoledronic acid + letrozole in premenopausal hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer patients.

Background: The Hormonal Bone Effects (HOBOE) study tested whether adjuvant triptorelin plus either letrozole (L) or zoledronic acid (Z) plus L (ZL) was more effective than tamoxifen (T) in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC). Here we report the long-term follow-up analysis.

Patients And Methods: HOBOE (ClinicalTrials.

Social Determinants' Role in Pediatric Respiratory Health: Health Insights from Central Florida.

Objectives: Despite advances in therapies and educational initiatives, pediatric allergy disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema, continue to pose substantial health challenges. Understanding the social determinants of health (SDoH) linked with these conditions is a critical area of research due to their multifactorial nature. This study aimed to assess the SDoH influencing pediatric allergy disorders in central Florida, specifically examining four groups of children: with asthma only, with eczema only, with both asthma and eczema, and a control group without these conditions.

CIROZ is dispensable in ancestral vertebrates but essential for left-right patterning in humans.

Four genes-DAND5, PKD1L1, MMP21, and CIROP-form a genetic module that has specifically evolved in vertebrate species that harbor motile cilia in their left-right organizer (LRO). We find here that CIROZ (previously known as C1orf127) is also specifically expressed in the LRO of mice, frogs, and fish, where it encodes a protein with a signal peptide followed by 3 zona pellucida N domains, consistent with extracellular localization. We report 16 individuals from 10 families with bi-allelic CIROZ inactivation variants, which cause heterotaxy with congenital heart defects.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Provision of Mental and Behavioral Health Supports and Services by Pharmacists in Washington State.

Pharmacists are highly accessible healthcare professionals with presence in communities, hospitals, and clinics. They are well positioned to expand their roles in supporting individuals with mental health challenges. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify trends in how pharmacists assess, monitor, identify, and care for patients with mental health challenges.

Feasibility and impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients affected by ano-rectal melanoma.

Introduction: Anorectal melanoma (ARM) is rare and highly lethal neoplasm. It has a poorer prognosis compared with cutaneous ones. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the preferred method of nodal staging method for cutaneous melanoma.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal subfield morphology, and episodic memory in older adults.

Objective: Age-related hippocampal atrophy is associated with memory loss in older adults, and certain hippocampal subfields are more vulnerable to age-related atrophy than others. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may be an important protective factor for preserving hippocampal volume, but little is known about how CRF relates to the volume of specific hippocampal subfields, and whether associations between CRF and hippocampal subfield volumes are related to episodic memory performance. To address these gaps, the current study evaluates the associations among baseline CRF, hippocampal subfield volumes, and episodic memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Investigating Gains in Neurocognition Trial of Exercise (IGNITE) (NCT02875301).

Designing Carbon-Foam Composites via Molten-State Reduction for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are in great demand because of the severe electromagnetic population problem caused by the explosive growth of advanced electronics. Besides superior EMI shielding properties, the mechanical strength of the shielding materials is also critical for some specific application scenarios (e.g.

Nanoscale characterization of space weathering in lunar samples.

Nanoscale Fourier transform infrared (Nano-FTIR) imaging and spectroscopy correlated with photoluminescence measurements of lunar Apollo samples with different surface radiation exposure histories reveal distinct physical and chemical differences associated with space weathering effects. Analysis of two sample fragments: an ilmenite basalt (12016) and an impact melt breccia (15445) show evidence of intrinsic or delivered Nd and an amorphous silica glass component on exterior surfaces, whereas intrinsic Cr and/or trapped electron states are limited to interior surfaces. Spatially localized 1050 cm/935 cm band ratios in Nano-FTIR hyperspectral maps may further reflect impact-induced shock nanostructures, while shifts in silicate band positions indicate accumulated radiation damage at the nanoscale from prolonged space weathering due to micrometeorites, solar wind, energetic x-rays and cosmic ray bombardment.

MICAL2 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid cancers; thus, identifying more effective therapies is a major unmet need. In this study, we characterized the super enhancer (SE) landscape of human PDAC to identify drivers of the disease that might be targetable. This analysis revealed MICAL2 as a super enhancer-associated gene in human PDAC, which encodes the flavin monooxygenase MICAL2 that induces actin depolymerization and indirectly promotes SRF transcription by modulating the availability of serum response factor coactivators myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF-A and MRTF-B).

Predictors of Technology Use: Evidence from Elite Older Adults.

Few studies have examined older, elite users of digital technology use. To address this gap, we examined predictors of novel technology use among this group. As hypothesized, several markers of successful aging predicted greater technology use in older elite users, including higher levels of cognition, socioeconomics, and self-efficacy.

Can we realize seamless traffic safety at smart intersections by predicting and preventing impending crashes?

Intersections are frequently identified as crash hotspots for roadways in major cities, leading to significant human casualties. We propose crash likelihood prediction as an effective strategy to proactively prevent intersection crashes. So far, no reliable models have been developed for intersections that effectively account for the variation in crash types and the cyclical nature of Signal Phasing and Timing (SPaT) and traffic flow.

Trends in the Epidemiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Undergoing Surgery.

Objective This study aims to utilize the TriNetX database, a comprehensive global network, to improve our understanding of the frequency, demographic factors, and related comorbidities of surgical patients who develop venous thromboembolism (VTEs) events. Methods The global collaborative network in TriNetX was queried for all cases from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2023. International Classification for Disease (ICD) diagnosis codes were used to define patient cohorts with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the upper or lower extremity or pulmonary embolism (PE).

Association Between COVID-19 and Orthostatic Intolerance in Children: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and the COVID-19 vaccine have been linked to the development of persistent symptoms, including orthostatic intolerance (OI) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), in both children and adults. POTS is characterized by excessive tachycardia and other symptoms upon standing, significantly impacting quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings in pediatric patients with post-COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 vaccine OI and POTS.

Enhanced sensitivity via non-Hermitian topology.

Sensors are indispensable tools of modern life that are ubiquitously used in diverse settings ranging from smartphones and autonomous vehicles to the healthcare industry and space technology. By interfacing multiple sensors that collectively interact with the signal to be measured, one can go beyond the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) attainable by the individual constituting elements. Such techniques have also been implemented in the quantum regime, where a linear increase in the SNR has been achieved via using entangled states.

Use of Machine Learning Models to Predict Microaspiration Measured by Tracheal Pepsin A.

Background: Enteral feeding intolerance, a common type of gastrointestinal dysfunction leading to underfeeding, is associated with increased mortality. Tracheal pepsin A, an indicator of microaspiration, was found in 39% of patients within 24 hours of enteral feeding. Tracheal pepsin A is a potential biomarker of enteral feeding intolerance.

Willingness to Use Oral and Long-Acting Injectable PrEP in Substance-Using Men who have Sex with Men (SU-MSM) in High HIV Incidence Southern U.S. Cities: A NIDA Clinical Trials Network Study.

In Southern U.S. states with high HIV incidence and low HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, enhanced efforts to increase interest in and willingness to use PrEP are needed.

Rapid microcystin-LR detection using antibody-based electrochemical biosensors with a simplified calibration curve approach.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can release cyanotoxins such as microcystins (MCs), especially, microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) which is one of the commonest and most toxic, into our water bodies and can lead to several acute or chronic diseases such as liver diseases and respiratory irritation in humans. There is an increasing need for rapid and simple detection of MC-LR in water bodies for early warning of HABs. In this study, we developed an innovative on-site screening electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensor with a simplified calibration curve that can rapidly detect blooms for early action in similar water bodies.