Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Wild Mushroom Show Potential Antimicrobial Activities against Food Borne Pathogens.

The present study demonstrates an economical and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the wild mushroom . The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed and the products characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis was performed to identify the viable biomolecules involved in the capping and active stabilization of AgNPs.

Acidosis potentiates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and gap junction communication in the superior mesenteric artery.

Extracellular pH is an important physiological determinant of vascular tone that is normally maintained within 7.35-7.45.

Grain density and its impact on grain filling characteristic of rice: mechanistic testing of the concept in genetically related cultivars.

Physiological factors controlling assimilate partitioning was compared in relation to panicle architecture of lax- (Upahar) and compact-panicle (Mahalaxmi) rice cultivars. Grain number and ethylene production at anthesis are low, but filling rate is high in the former compared to high grain number and ethylene production and poor filling trait of the latter. Similar to Mahalaxmi, its progenitors Pankaj and Mahshuri, had attributes of high grain number and grain density, but grain filling was higher and ethylene evolution was lower.

Removing small non-enzymatic molecules for biochemical assay of redox regulatory enzymes; An exemplary comments on "Antioxidant responses in gills and digestive gland of oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) under lead exposure.

For biochemical assay of every enzyme including redox regulatory enzymes, any interfering small molecules (ISM) that may cross react with substrates or indirectly influence the reaction, must be removed. Such ISM(s) if present, need to be either neutralized or filtered out both from the sample or from the reaction mixture. This is a standard protocol adapted worldwide and fundamental rule in biochemistry.

Prevalence of carrier state theileriosis in lactating cows.

Aim: The objective of this study was to examine the carrier status of theileriosis among apparently healthy cross-bred jersey cattle population of Odisha using conventional blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Materials And Methods: A total of 34 apparently healthy cross-bred Jersey lactating cows were considered in this study. Blood samples were subjected to microscopic examination after staining with Giemsa stain and PCR based molecular diagnosis using two sets of primer, i.

Elucidating the interfaces involved in CARD-CARD interactions mediated by NLRP1 and Caspase-1 using molecular dynamics simulation.

Inflammasomes are the multi-protein caspase-activating complexes mainly assembled by the sensor proteins (NLRs/ALRs), adaptor molecule (ASC) and effector molecule pro-caspase-1 for the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18. NLRP1 is the first NLR known to assemble the multi-protein complex. Unlike NLRP3, NLRP1 has an additional effector binding domain (CARD) at the carboxyl-terminal, which is reported to interact with pro-caspase-1 (precluding the recruitment of ASC) for the transmission of danger signals.

Psychobiotics: A new approach for treating mental illness?

Gut microbiomes may have a significant impact on mood and cognition, which is leading experts towards a new frontier in neuroscience. Studies have shown that increase in the amount of good bacteria in the gut can curb inflammation and cortisol level, reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety, lowers stress reactivity, improves memory and even lessens neuroticism and social anxiety. This shows that, probably the beneficial gut bacteria or probiotics function mechanistically as delivery vehicles for neuroactive compounds.

Electrocardiographic reference values and configuration of electrocardiogram waves recorded in Black Bengal goats of different age groups.

Aim: A study on age-related electrocardiographic (ECG) changes was conducted on 20 apparently healthy Black Bengal goats with no history of cardiac disorders during 2015-2016.

Materials And Methods: The goats selected for the study belonged to four different age groups; Group 1: Goats up to 6 months of age, Group 2: Above 6 months and below 1 year of age, Group 3: Above 1 year and below 2 years of age, and Group 4: Above 2 years of age. The ECG was recorded with the animals in standing position using a 12-lead standard ECG recorder (Model-Cardiart-108 MK VII, manufactured by BPL, India).

Effects of commonly used chemical fertilizers on development of free-living stages of in experimentally infected pasture.

Aim: The effects of N-P-K fertilizers in the form of urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash on development of free-living stages of were studied.

Materials And Methods: Five parasite free experimental plots of 1 m×1 m area, each of paddy leaves (15-day-old) and an equal number of grass were infested with about 10×10 eggs/ml phosphate buffer saline along with the application of the calculated amount of fertilizers solution. On the 10 day of posttreatment, the pasture was cut, processed, larvae recovered by Baermann method and counted, which was expressed as number of L per kg dry matter (DM) of pasture.

Phosphate solubilization and acid phosphatase activity of sp. isolated from mangrove soil of Mahanadi river delta, Odisha, India.

Phosphorus is an essential element for all life forms. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria are capable of converting phosphate into a bioavailable form through solubilization and mineralization processes. Hence in the present study a phosphate solubilizing bacterium, PSB-37, was isolated from mangrove soil of the Mahanadi river delta using NBRIP-agar and NBRIP-BPB broth containing tricalcium phosphate as the phosphate source.

Contribution of native phosphorous-solubilizing bacteria of acid soils on phosphorous acquisition in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

The present investigation analyzes the in vitro P solubilization [Ca-P, Al-P, Fe(II)-P, and Fe(III)-P] efficiency of native PSB strains from acid soils of Odisha and exploitation of the same through biofertilization in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and P acquisition. One hundred six numbers of soil samples with pH ≤ 5.

Hemato-biochemical alterations and urinalysis in dogs suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Aim: The study was designed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical alterations, urinalysis along with histomorphological and histological changes of prostate glands in dogs affected with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Materials And Methods: In toto, 445 dogs presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, one Government Veterinary Hospital and two pet clinics in and around Bhubaneswar screened for the presence of BPH. Most of the 57 dogs were 6 years and above as reported by the owners.

Evaluation of efficient glucose release using sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid as pretreating agents from the biomass of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.: A fast growing tree legume.

Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. is one of the fast growing tree legumes having the efficiency to produce around 50tha above ground dry matters in a year.

POP1 might be recruiting its type-Ia interface for NLRP3-mediated PYD-PYD interaction: Insights from MD simulation.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein caspase-activating complexes that enhance the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) in response to the invading pathogen and/or host-derived cellular stress. These are assembled by the sensory proteins (viz NLRC4, NLRP1, NLRP3, and AIM-2), adaptor protein (ASC), and effector molecule procaspase-1. In NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation, ASC acts as a mediator between NLRP3 and procaspase-1 for the transmission of signals.

Successful therapeutic management of canine Isosporosis in puppies.

Four labrador male puppies were confirmed for the spp infection by direct smear and flotation method following complains of anorexia, haematemesis and haematochezia. The puppies were treated with trimethoprime and sulphamethoxazole @ 40 mg/kg body weight in combination with metronidazole @ 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 5 days which was supported with fluid therapy, aniemetics and plasma expanders. All the animals showed completed clinical recovery along with clearing of faecal oocyst.

Bioconversion of fish solid waste into PHB using Bacillus subtilis based submerged fermentation process.

Currently, one of the major problem affecting the world is solid waste management, predominantly petroleum-based plastic and fish solid waste (FSW). However, it is very difficult to reduce the consumption of plastic as well as fish products, but it is promising to convert FSW to biopolymer to reduce eco-pollution. On account of that, the bioconversion of FSW extract to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was undertaken by using Bacillus subtilis (KP172548).

Drug Target Identification and Elucidation of Natural Inhibitors for : An Study.

Environmental microbes like has been established as a causative agent for various infectious diseases in human. Again, development of drug resistance in challenged to combat against the infection. Identification of potential drug target and proposing a novel lead compound against the pathogen has a great aid and value.

NOD1CARD Might Be Using Multiple Interfaces for RIP2-Mediated CARD-CARD Interaction: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-containing protein 1 (NOD1) plays the pivotal role in host-pathogen interface of innate immunity and triggers immune signalling pathways for the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Upon the recognition of iE-DAP, NOD1 self-oligomerizes in an ATP-dependent fashion and interacts with adaptor molecule receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) for the propagation of innate immune signalling and initiation of pro-inflammatory immune responses. This interaction (mediated by NOD1 and RIP2) helps in transmitting the downstream signals for the activation of NF-κB signalling pathway, and has been arbitrated by respective caspase-recruitment domains (CARDs).

Surface plasmon resonance based biosensor: A new platform for rapid diagnosis of livestock diseases.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors are the most advanced and developed optical label-free biosensor technique used for powerful detection with vast applications in environmental protection, biotechnology, medical diagnostics, drug screening, food safety, and security as well in livestock sector. The livestock sector which contributes the largest economy of India, harbors many bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases impacting a great loss to the production and productive potential which is a major concern in both small and large ruminants. Hence, an accurate, sensitive, and rapid diagnosis is required for prevention of these above-mentioned diseases.

In Silico Designing of an Industrially Sustainable Carbonic Anhydrase Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a family of metalloenzymes that has the potential to sequestrate carbon dioxide (CO) from the environment and reduce pollution. The goal of this study is to apply protein engineering to develop a modified CA enzyme that has both higher stability and activity and hence could be used for industrial purposes. In the current study, we have developed an in silico method to understand the molecular basis behind the stability of CA.

A deterministic evaluation of heat stress mitigation and feed cost under climate change within the smallholder dairy sector.

In the global South, dairying is often promoted as a means of poverty alleviation. Yet, under conditions of climate warming, little is known regarding the ability of small-scale dairy producers to maintain production and/or the robustness of possible adaptation options in meeting the challenges presented, particularly heat stress. The authors created a simple, deterministic model to explore the influence of breed and heat stress relief options on smallholder dairy farmers in Odisha, India.

Prevalence of ketosis in dairy cows in milk shed areas of Odisha state, India.

Aim: The present study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of ketosis in dairy cows in dairy herds, milksheds, and mixed population of milk cows selected randomly in milkshed areas of Odisha state, India.

Materials And Methods: The investigation was conducted in 280 private dairy herds with variable herd size of 10-15 cows comprising crossbred Jersey cows (CBJ), crossbred Holstein Friesian (CHF) cows, and indigenous local breeds. The analysis of urine (Rothera's test), milk (Ross test), and blood samples of 2760 test cows were conducted through qualitative assessment by Rothera's test and Ross test, respectively, for the presence of ketone bodies to screen the ketotic animals.

Chemometric profile & antimicrobial activities of leaf extract of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea.

Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea are medicinal plant having therapeutic value. The leaf extracts of C. procera have been investigated, its pharmacological actions in detail and leaf extracts of C.

Identification of Novel Source of Resistance and Differential Response of Genotypes to Purple Blotch Pathogen, (Ellis) Ciferri.

Purple blotch, caused by (Ellis) Cifferi, is a serious disease incurring heavy yield losses in the bulb and seed crop of onion and garlic worldwide. There is an immediate need for identification of effective resistance sources for use in host resistance breeding. A total of 43 genotypes were screened for purple blotch resistance under field conditions.

Effect of leaf powder on plasma concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron in fluorotic cows.

Aim: The main objective of the study was to determine the deleterious effect of fluoride on plasma trace minerals of fluorotic cattle and to evaluate the effect of leaf powder toward correction of the same.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 cattle exhibiting chronic sign of fluorosis and 10 healthy cattle from nonfluorotic area were incorporated in this study. Fluorotic cattle were divided into three equal groups consisting of 10 cattle each.