Heterogeneity and characterisation of mitogenic and anti-complementary pectic polysaccharides from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch et D.C.

Two anti-complementary polysaccharide fractions (GR-2IIa and GR-2IIb), isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch et D.C., each gave five anti-complementary polysaccharides (GR-2IIa-1-5 and GR-2IIb-1-5) on h.

Fractionation and characterization of mitogenic and anti-complementary active fractions from kampo (Japanese Herbal) medicine "juzen-taiho-to".

"Juzen-Taiho-To" (TJ-48), which is a kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine prepared by decocting a prescription of ten kinds of herbs, has several immunostimulating activities. In order to characterize the active substances for anti-complementary and mitogenic activities, TJ-48 was fractionated. Anti-complementary activity was observed in the water- and methanol-insoluble fraction (F-2) and the crude polysaccharide fraction (F-5), whereas mitogenic activity was only found in F-5.

Further structural studies of anti-complementary acidic heteroglycans from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.

The three potent anti-complementary polysaccharides, GL-PI, GL-PII, and GL-PIV, isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, were subjected to base-catalysed beta-elimination in the presence of sodium borodeuteride or enzymic digestion with endo-alpha-D-(1----4)-polygalacturonase.

Relationship between structure and activity of the "ramified" region in anti-complementary pectic polysaccharides from Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa.

One of the anti-complementary pectic polysaccharides (AR-2IIa) isolated from the root of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa gives the "ramified" region (PG-1a,rhamnogalacturonan with neutral side-chains) in addition to oligogalacturonides on digestion with endo-alpha-D-(1--4)-polygalacturonase. When the neutral side-chains in PG-1a were digested with both exo-alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase and exo-beta-D-galactosidase, approximately 70% of the arabinosyl chains and approximately 30% of the galactosyl chains were released. The resistant product E-PG-1a had the same anti-complementary activity as PG-1a.

Structure of an anti-complementary arabinogalactan from the root of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa.

Mild acid hydrolysis of an anti-complementary arabinogalactan (AGIIb-1), isolated from the roots of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, gave one neutral (N-I) and two acidic arabinogalactan (A-I and A-II) units and one neutral arabinan unit (N-II). The methyl-esterified rhamnogalacturonan cores of A-I and A-II were subjected to base-catalysed beta-elimination in the presence of sodium borodeuteride to give the neutral side-chains. Gel filtration showed that A-I contained a high-molecular-weight arabinogalactan and two oligosaccharides consisting of Ara and Gal or Ara as the side chains, and that A-II was composed of two high-molecular-weight arabinogalactans.

Relationship between structure and activity of an anti-complementary arabinogalactan from the roots of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa.

An anti-complementary arabinogalactan (AGIIb-1), isolated from the roots of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, comprised one neutral (N-I) and two acidic arabinogalactan (A-I and A-II) units and one neutral arabinan unit (N-II). N-I showed the most potent anti-complementary activity. AGIIb-1, A-I, and A-II had similar moderate activities, but N-II had weak activity.

Structural characterization of an anti-complementary pectic polysaccharide from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L.

An anti-complementary pectic polysaccharide (BR-2-IIb), isolated from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L., has an average molecular weight of 36,000 (gel filtration), and was subjected to methylation analysis before and after carboxyl-reduction, digestion with endo-polygalacturonase, base-catalysed beta-elimination, and partial acid hydrolysis. BR-2-IIb consisted mainly of galacturonic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose in the molar ratios 13.

Chemical properties and anti-complementary activities of polysaccharide fractions from roots and leaves of Panax ginseng.

Water-soluble and alkaline-soluble polysaccharide fractions, prepared from roots and leaves of PANAX GINSENG C.A. Meyer, were fractionated into strongly acidic, weakly acidic, and neutral polysaccharide fractions by cetyltrimethyammonium bromide, respectively.

Structural characterization of anti-complementary polysaccharides from the leaves of Artemisia princeps.

Structural characterizations of the anti-complementary acidic heteroglycans, AAF IIb-2 and IIb-3, obtained from the leaves of Artemisia princeps pamp have been studied. AAF IIb-2 consists of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, glucose and uronic acids (glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid) in the molar ratio of 7.6:7.