[Methods and intentions of revisions to "Heji Jufang" during the Shaoxing, Baoqing and Chunyou eras].

The first edition of "Heji Jufang" was published during the Northern Song Period and then revised numerous times. The most commonly used edition of "Heji Jufang" is divided into six pharmacopoeias. This paper reports, the results of this author's examination of the methods and intentions of the revisions made to the "Heji Jufang".

[Questions pertaining to the years of supplementations of the "Heji Jufang"].

The first edition of "Heji Jufang" was published during the Northern Song Period and then revised numerous times. In this work the author examined in detail the process of revising the "Heji Jufang" and obtained the following results. The most commonly used edition of the "Heji Jufang" is divided into six pharmacopoeias.

Hangekobokuto (Banxia-houpo-tang), a Kampo Medicine that Treats Functional Dyspepsia.

Although abdominal bloating is one of the most bothersome symptoms experienced by patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), therapeutic drugs to relieve abdominal bloating have not been established. We investigated the Kampo (Chinese herbal) medicine, Hangekobokuto (Banxia-houpo-tang, HKT) for patients with FD from the standpoint of bowel gas retention. The bowel gas volume calculated from a plain abdominal radiogram (gas volume score, GVS) in FD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects.

[Actual image of "Heji Jufang" as quoted by "Youyouxinshu," "San'infang," "Jian'yifang" and others].

The first edition of "Heji Jufang" was published during the Northern Song Period and revised numerous times. This paper presents the results of the author's comparative study of "Heji Jufang" and contemporary medical books: 1. Prescriptions that were selected from many similar prescriptions were adopted for the pharmacopoeia.

[Studies of various editions of "Heji Jufang" and objective of compilations of "Heji Jufang" during the Kyoho era of the Edo period].

The author conducted a comparative study of the various editions of "Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang" (Pharmacopoeia of the Taiping Welfare Dispensary Bureau; in Chinese) to "Zeng-guang Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang" (Kyoho edition), which was compiled in the year Kyoho 17 (1732), by order of the Bakufu (shogunate) government for the purpose of elucidating its characteristics, and obtained the following results. 1. Heji Jufang is available in three different versions :(i) the Zokohon version, (ii) the Teitentaku version, and (iii) the Zochuhon version.

Effects of goshuyuto on lateralization of pupillary dynamics in headache.

Autonomic nervous imbalance is implicated in chronic headache. We investigated the effects of goshuyuto-a representative Kampo medicine for headache-on the lateralization of the pupillary autonomic nervous system by using binocular infrared video pupillography. Patients with chronic headache were administered goshuyuto extract for 1 month (1st stage).

Prokinetic effect of a Kampo medicine, Hange-koboku-to (Banxia-houpo-tang), on patients with functional dyspepsia.

Limited evidence is available as to whether Kampo medicine modifies gastrointestinal function in humans. We investigated the effect of a Kampo medicine, Hange-koboku-to (Banxia-houpo-tang, HKT), on patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and on healthy volunteers with regard to gastric motility. The gastric emptying rate (GER) in FD patients was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects.

[Japan kampo medicine authority, yakazu doumei].

Our benefactor Yakazu Doumei who devoted his life to Kampo medicine, has passed away his 96 years life on the 21th of October 2002. He went on to medical college for the revival of Kampo, and improved scientific research on Kampo. His achievements are; 1713 papers in scientific journal; 395 times lecture at academic meeting; 20 kinds of books of his authorship; 8 kinds of books under joint authorship.

Effect of ninjin-youei-to on Th1/Th2 type cytokine production in different mouse strains.

Ninjin-youei-to (NYT; ren-shen-yang-rong-tang in Chinese) is a traditional herbal formula, which is widely used in Japan, Korea and China to modulate physiological immunity. The effects of oral administration of NYT on cytokine production from splenocytes were investigated in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice in which Th1 and Th2 were dominant, respectively. Splenocytes from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, which took NYT orally forfour weeks, were cultured with anti-mouse CD3 mAb, and the supernatant was examined for cytokine production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Effect of orally administered Hochu-ekki-to, a Japanese herbal medicine, on contact hypersensitivity caused by repeated application of antigen.

The effects of oral administration of Hochu-ekki-to (HET; bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in Chinese), a traditional Japanese and Chinese herbal medicine, on chronic contact hypersensitivity were investigated. HET suppressed ear swelling due to chronic contact hypersensitivity caused by repeated application of 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB). HET significantly suppressed not only increases in hapten-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 titer due to repeated application of TNCB, but also total IgE and IgG1 concentration in the serum.

Anxiolytic effect of Kami-Shoyo-San (TJ-24) in mice: possible mediation of neurosteroid synthesis.

We assessed the anxiolytic effect of Kami-Shoyo-San (Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san; TJ-24), one of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatment of menopausal anxiety, by the social interaction (SI) test in male mice. Acute administration of TJ-24 (25-100 mg/kg, p.o.

Enhancements of choline acetyltransferase activity and nerve growth factor secretion by Polygalae radix-extract containing active ingredients in Kami-untan-to.

The effects of Kami-untan-to (KUT) and component herbs on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity of basal forebrain cells and nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion from astroglial cells were examined. When rat embryo basal forebrain cells were cultured in the presence of the extracts of KUT or Polygalae radix (PR) for 3 days, a significant increase of ChAT activity was observed. An extract of KUT minus Polygala radix did not enhance the ChAT activity in basal forebrain cells.

Induction mechanism of nerve growth factor synthesis by Kami-untan-to; Role of cyclic AMP and c-fos mRNA accumulation.

Kami-untan-to, a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, induces NGF secretion/synthesis on astroglial cells. However, the intracellular signal transduction and genetic mechanisms associated with KUT action have not been clarified. In this paper, the effects of various protein kinase inhibitors on KUT induced NGF secretion of astroglial cells were examined.

Kami-Untan-To enhances choline acetyltransferase and Nerve growth factor mRNA levels in brain cultured cells.

Effects of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "kami-untan-to (KUT)" on central cholinergic neurons were examined in vitro. When rat embryo basal forebrain cells were cultured in the presence of KUT (200 μg/ml) for three days, a significant increase of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was observed. When rat embryo astroglial cells were grown in culture in the presence of KUT (12.

Pectic polysaccharides from roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis: possible contribution of neutral oligosaccharides in the galacturonase-resistant region to anti-complementary and mitogenic activities.

Digestion with endo-alpha-(1-->4)-polygalacturonase liberated the enzyme-resistant region (PG-1c) as an active site of the anti-complementary and mitogenic pectic polysaccharide (GR-2IIc) from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Partial acid hydrolysis of PG-1c resulted in acidic oligosaccharides, and methylation analysis and GC-MS analysis of the acidic oligosaccharides suggested that PG-1c comprised a rhamnogalacturonan core such as -->2)-Rha-(1-->4)-GalA-(1-->2)-Rha-(1-->4)-GalA-(1-->-->4)-GalA-(1-->4) as the acidic moiety. Degradation of uronic acids by lithium decreased the anti-complementary and mitogenic activities of PG-1c.

Kami-untan-to (KUT) improves cholinergic deficits in aged rats.

The Effects of the kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, kami-untan-to (KUT)' on the central cholinergic system and passive avoidance behavior in aged rats (2 years old) were examined. When KUT was orally administered to aged rats, mean latency was significantly increased on passive avoidance test of step through type and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was increased in the frontoparietal cortex. Oral administration of KUT also increased ChAT mRNA levels in the basal forebrain and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA levels in the frontoparietal cortex as demonstrated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.

Choline acetyltransferase activity enhancing effects of kami-untan-to (KUT) on basal forebrain cultured neurons and lesioned rats.

Effects of a kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "kami-untan-to (KUT)" on central cholinergic neurons were examined in vitro and in vivo. When rat embryo septal cells were cultured in the presence of KUT (50-500 μg/ml) for 3 days, significant increase of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was observed. However, KUT had no significant effect on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced ChAT activity in basal forebrain cultures.

Preventive effect of taraxasteryl acetate from Inula britannica subsp. japonica on experimental hepatitis in vivo.

The survival rate for acute hepatic failure induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was increased when a hot water extract from the flowers of Inula britannica L. subsp. japonica Kitam.

Characterisation of an anti-ulcer pectic polysaccharide from leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.

Structural characterisation of an anti-ulcer polysaccharide (GL-BIII), purified from leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, was studied.

Lipopolysaccharide-independent limulus amebocyte lysate activating, mitogenic and anti-complementary activities of pectic polysaccharides from chinese herbs.

Bioactive pectic polysaccharides from Chinese herbs were tested for the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS-like substances by chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-assay. Pectic polysaccharides from BUPLEURUM FALCATUM, GLYCYRRIZA URALENSIS, and ANGELICA ACUTILOBA were LAL-positive at different rates. The fractions GR-2IIc/PG-1 (ramified region; rhamnogalacturonan core with neutral sugar side chains) from G.

Structural studies of endopolygalacturonase-resistant fragments of an antiulcer pectin from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L.

The endo-alpha-(1-->4)-polygalacturonase-resistant fractions (PG-1, PG-2, and PG-3) from an antiulcer pectin (Bupleuran 2IIc), isolated from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L., were further analysed by lithium degradation. The results indicated that PG-1 contained a small proportion of long, branched arabinosyl chains and a large proportion of short, neutral oligosaccharide chains.

Partial structure of an anti-ulcer pectic polysaccharide from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L.

Methylation analysis of a pectic polysaccharide (Bupleuran 2IIc) with anti-ulcer activity, isolated from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L., revealed (1----4)-linked alpha-GalA together with small proportions of 2,4- and 3,4-linked GalA, and variously linked neutral sugars. Digestion of Bupleuran 2IIc with endo-alpha-(1----4)-polygalacturonase gave mainly galacturono-oligosaccharides (PG-4) and small proportions of enzyme-resistant regions (PG-1-3).