In Vivo Time-Resolved Fluorescence Detection of Liver Cancer Supported by Machine Learning.

Objectives: One of the widely used optical biopsy methods for monitoring cellular and tissue metabolism is time-resolved fluorescence. The use of this method in optical liver biopsy has a high potential for studying the shift in energy-type production from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and changes in the antioxidant defense of malignant cells. On the other hand, machine learning methods have proven to be an excellent solution to classification problems in medical practice, including biomedical optics.

Clinical, Anamnestic, and Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Myocardial Infarction in Russian Federation According to the Russian Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction - REGION-IM.

Aim: Based on data from the Russian REGION-MI registry, to characterize patients with myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalized in Russian hospitals, describe their historical, demographic, and clinical characteristics, and compare the results with the data of previous Russian and international registries of acute coronary syndrome.

Material And Methods: REGION-MI is a multicenter prospective observational study. The follow-up period was divided into three stages: during the hospital stay, at 6 and 12 months after the inclusion in the registry.

[Endovascular treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities].

Objective: To improve the results of treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities sing endovascular technologies.

Material And Methods: We analyzed safety and effectiveness of treatment in 24 patients with deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities. All ones were divided into 2 homogeneous groups by 12 people each.

Detection of NADH and NADPH levels in vivo identifies shift of glucose metabolism in cancer to energy production.

Profound changes in the metabolism of cancer cells have been known for almost 100 years, and many aspects of these changes have continued to be actively studied and discussed. Differences in the results of various studies can be explained by the diversity of tumours, which have differing processes of energy metabolism, and by limitations in the methods used. Here, using fluorescence lifetime needle optical biopsy in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse model and patients with HCC, we measured reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in control liver, and in HCC tumours and their adjacent regions.

Deconvolution of the fluorescence spectra measured through a needle probe to assess the functional state of the liver.

Objectives: Currently, one of the most pressing issues for surgeons in the treatment of obstructive jaundice is the ability to assess the functional state of the liver and to detect and determine the degree of liver failure in a timely manner with simple and objective techniques. In this regard, the use of fluorescence spectroscopy method can be considered as one of the ways to improve the informativity of existing diagnostic algorithms in clinical practice and to introduce new diagnostic tools. Thus, the aim of the work was to study in vivo the functional state of liver parenchyma by the method of fluorescence spectroscopy implemented through a needle probe and assess the contribution of the main tissue fluorophores to reveal new diagnostic criteria.

[Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for total-subtotal deep vein thrombosis].

Objective: To improve treatment outcomes in patients with late stages of total-subtotal deep vein thrombosis using pharmacomechanical thrombectomy.

Material And Methods: We compared treatment outcomes in 2 homogeneous groups of patients with deep vein thrombosis and severe acute venous insufficiency. Standard anticoagulation (apixaban) was performed in the first group (=20), endovascular treatment was applied in the second group (=20).

[Endovascular surgery for deep vein thrombosis].

The authors reviewed national and world literature data on endovascular technologies for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Indications, technologies, complications and results of systemic and regional thrombolysis are described in detail. The authors consider percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, pharmacomechanical thrombectomy, venous stenting and catheter thrombectomy.

[Regional catheter thrombolysis for late proximal deep vein thrombosis].

Objective: To compare the efficacy of regional catheter thrombolysis with urokinase and alteplase for late proximal deep vein thrombosis.

Material And Methods: We analyzed safety and effectiveness of treatment of 38 patients with late proximal deep vein thrombosis divided into 2 statistically homogeneous groups by 19 people. In the first group, regional thrombolysis with urokinase was performed with injection of the drug into thrombosed popliteal, femoral and iliac veins.

[Venous stenting in acute period of total and subtotal deep vein thrombosis].

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of venous stenting and long-term anticoagulation with inhibitors of blood clotting factor XA in the treatment of total and subtotal deep vein thrombosis.

Material And Methods: We analyzed 60 patients with total and subtotal deep vein thrombosis divided into 2 comparable groups by 30 people. Patients of the first group underwent regional catheter thrombolysis and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy.

[Efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for proximal deep vein thrombosis].

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and long-term anticoagulation with rivaroxaban for proximal deep vein thrombosis.

Material And Methods: We analyzed the effectiveness of treatment in 60 patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis divided into 2 homogeneous groups by 30 people. Standard therapy was performed in the first group, therapy with percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was applied in the second group.

Fluorescence lifetime needle optical biopsy discriminates hepatocellular carcinoma.

This work presents results of in vivo and in situ measurements of hepatocellular carcinoma by a developed optical biopsy system. Here, we describe the technical details of the implementation of fluorescence lifetime and diffuse reflectance measurements by the system, equipped with an original needle optical probe, compatible with the 17.5G biopsy needle standard.

[Acute cerebral circulation impairment associated with percutaneous coronary intervention].

The article deals with generalized literature data on the current importance of the problem concerning acute cerebral ischemia occurring during percutaneous coronary interventions. Pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of acute cerebral circulation impairment are described, with their classification. Also considered are various risk factors which may cause this formidable complication, followed by describing modern methods of its surgical treatment.

[Case of effective endovascular treatment of venous gangrene].

Presented in this article is a clinical case report regarding treatment of a patient with deep vein thrombosis complicated by venous gangrene having developed 10 days after the onset of the disease. Conservative therapy (infusion of colloids and crystalloids, anticoagulants, agents improving microcirculation, venotonics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, elevated position of the limb) made it possible to stabilize the patient's condition, but not improving haemodynamics of the affected limb. A decision was made to use endovascular techniques.

Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction. REGION-MI - Russian Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Aim      To study features of diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Russian hospitals, results of the treatment, and early and late outcomes (6 and 12 months after AMI diagnosis); to evaluate the consistence of the treatment with clinical guidelines; and to evaluate patients' compliance with the treatment.Material and methods  The program was designed for 3 years, including 24 months for recruitment of patients to the study. The study will include 10, 000 patients hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis (I21 according to ICD-10) of ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (MI) (STEMI) or non-ST segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) based on criteria of the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Forth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018).

[Cardiac ruptures in acute myocardial infarction].

Presented in the article are the generalized data of the Russian and foreign literature addressing the currently important problem of myocardial ruptures as one of the most dangerous complications of infarction, also analysing the results of clinical studies on interconnection of heart ruptures with systemic thrombolytic therapy and with a percutaneous coronary intervention. This is followed by describing the mechanisms that may lead to myocardial rupture during thrombolytic therapy and surgical endovascular treatment, underlying the necessity of pharmacological pre- and post-conditioning for prevention of reperfusion myocardial lesions. The article also touches upon the clinical and instrumental diagnosis of myocardial ruptures, as well as approaches to surgical treatment depending on the type of rupture and necessity of myocardial revascularization.

[Efficacy of apixaban in prevention of haemorrhagic complications in treatment of deep vein thromboses with endovascular techniques].

Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate efficacy of apixaban in prevention of haemorrhagic complications during treatment of proximal thromboses of deep veins of the lower extremities using endovascular techniques.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively studied the results of treating a total of 50 patients presenting with deep vein thromboses at late stages of the pathological process. The patients were subdivided into 2 statistically homogeneous groups.

Laser Doppler Spectrum Analysis Based on Calculation of Cumulative Sums Detects Changes in Skin Capillary Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Melitus.

In this article, we introduce a new method of signal processing and data analysis for the digital laser Doppler flowmetry. Our approach is based on the calculation of cumulative sums over the registered Doppler power spectra. The introduced new parameter represents an integral estimation for the redistribution of moving red blood cells over the range of speed.

[One-year results of conservative and endovascular treatment of deep venous thrombosis followed by severe acute venous insufficiency].

Objective: To compare the results of conservative and endovascular treatment of deep vein thrombosis followed by acute severe venous insufficiency.

Material And Methods: Two statistically valid groups of patients with deep vein thrombosis and acute severe venous insufficiency were compared. Warfarin was administered in the first group, endovascular methods - in the second group (=30).

Machine Learning Aided Photonic Diagnostic System for Minimally Invasive Optically Guided Surgery in the Hepatoduodenal Area.

Abdominal cancer is a widely prevalent group of tumours with a high level of mortality if diagnosed at a late stage. Although the cancer death rates have in general declined over the past few decades, the mortality from tumours in the hepatoduodenal area has significantly increased in recent years. The broader use of minimal access surgery (MAS) for diagnostics and treatment can significantly improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients after surgery.

Optical percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver: a pilot animal and clinical study.

This paper presents the results of the experiments which were performed using the optical biopsy system specially developed for in vivo tissue classification during the percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) of the liver. The proposed system includes an optical probe of small diameter acceptable for use in the PNB of the liver. The results of the feasibility studies and actual tests on laboratory mice with inoculated hepatocellular carcinoma and in clinical conditions on patients with liver tumors are presented and discussed.

Factors affecting the results of analgesic therapy. Results of the Russian multicentre study of NOTE (NSAID: Open-label Trial of Efficacy).

Aim: To identify factors affecting the effectiveness of NSAIDs in patients with OA and LBP.

Materials And Methods: An observational study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-week course of NSAIDs in OA and LBP in real clinical practice. The study group consisted of 3604 patients with OA and LBP (60.