A Decade in Review: Trends in Female Authorship in Peer-Reviewed Toxicology Journals.

Background: Gender diversity in both emergency medicine and medical toxicology has grown over the last decade. However, disparities in promotion, awards, and speakership still exist. No studies have examined gender disparities in authorship in medical toxicology journals.

Early-onset, conjugal, twin-discordant, and clusters of sporadic ALS: Pathway to discovery of etiology lifetime exposome research.

The identity and role of environmental factors in the etiology of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is poorly understood outside of three former high-incidence foci of Western Pacific ALS and a hotspot of sALS in the French Alps. In both instances, there is a strong association with exposure to DNA-damaging (genotoxic) chemicals years or decades prior to clinical onset of motor neuron disease. In light of this recent understanding, we discuss published geographic clusters of ALS, conjugal cases, single-affected twins, and young-onset cases in relation to their demographic, geographic and environmental associations but also whether, in theory, there was the possibility of exposure to genotoxic chemicals of natural or synthetic origin.

Trends in intentional abuse and misuse ingestions in school-aged children and adolescents reported to US poison centers from 2000-2020.

Context: Childhood and adolescent misuse and abuse exposures remain a serious public health challenge in the United States. This study aimed to describe recent trends and patterns of intentional substance misuse and abuse exposures among school-aged children and adolescents in the United States.

Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study of intentional misuse and abuse exposures in children 6 through 18 years reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2020.

Did hypervitaminosis A have a role in Mawson's ill-fated Antarctic exploration?

Douglas Mawson is a national hero of Australia, having led the Australasian Antarctic expedition of 1911, and survived. His three-man sledging team was beset by a series of catastrophes. First, expert skier Belgrave Ninnis died after he fell into a deep crevasse taking with him half the dogs and a sledge of essential food and supplies.

Silibinin: a toxicologist's herbal medicine?

Silymarin is an herbal remedy, commonly called milk thistle, or St. Mary's Thistle, and has been used for over 2000 years. It has been available as a capsule of the plant extract in Europe since 1974 to treat hepatic disorders.

Fatal Sodium Nitrite Poisoning: Key Considerations for Prehospital Providers.

Sodium nitrite is a powerful oxidizing agent that causes hypotension and limits oxygen transport and delivery in the body through the formation of methemoglobin. Clinical manifestations can include cyanosis, hypoxia, altered consciousness, dysrhythmias, and death. The majority of reports on sodium nitrite poisonings have been the result of unintentional exposures.

Massive fatal overdose of abrin with progressive encephalopathy.

The jequirity bean () seed contains abrin, a toxalbumin, that irreversibly binds the 60-s ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis. Neurologic manifestations of ingestions are rare. We present a case of a 20-year-old man with 24 h of vomiting, diarrhea and 2 h of hematemesis and hematochezia.

Outcomes After High-Concentration Peroxide Ingestions.

Study Objective: In cases of high-concentration peroxide ingestion reported to US poison centers, we describe medical outcomes, examine the role of hyperbaric oxygen, and review the use of endoscopy.

Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of a structured database, the National Poison Data System. The chart for each poison center case of a high-concentration (>10%) peroxide ingestion was obtained and abstracted in a standardized fashion; 1,054 cases were initially considered and 294 cases met inclusion criteria.

Inhalational mercury toxicity from artisanal gold extraction reported to the Oregon poison center, 2002-2015.

Context: Mercury exposure has been described among small-scale gold mining communities in developing countries, but reports of inhalational mercury toxicity among home gold extractors in the US remain uncommon.

Objective: We sought to identify inhalational mercury exposures and toxicity among artisanal gold extractors.

Methods: This is an observational case series of a single Poison Center database from 2002-2015.

The ripe olive scare and hotel Loch Maree tragedy: Botulism under glass in the 1920's.

Botulism was believed to be a rare disease in both the US and UK in the 1920's, until two deadly outbreaks altered that view and launched public health measures to control it. In the United States, the ripe olive scare of 1920 found glass-packaged olives linked to multiple deaths. In the United Kingdom, eight deaths from glass-potted duck paste, in the summer of 1922 at Loch Maree, Scotland will always be associated with botulism.

Type E botulism.

There are seven known serotypes of botulism, designated A through G; almost all human cases of botulism are caused by types A, B, and E. Botulism type E is the predominant serotype causing disease associated with native Arctic foods. In the circumpolar regions of the world, the coastal soils are rich in botulism type E, and consumption of fish and marine animals in these areas are the sources of clusters of botulism.