Caregiving to the elderly in Northeast Thailand.

Caregiving has been extensively explored in developed countries, but less so in developing regions. In Thailand, a rapidly expanding elderly population and a declining birthrate have important implications for future care of the elderly. This report is based on further exploration of data obtained from a larger study in rural Northeast Thailand of 89 households with elderly age 65 and over.

Family care of the elderly in Northeast Thailand: Changing patterns.

Using exchange theory, the effects of the change from a kin-based to a cash-based economic system on family care to the elderly in rural Northeast Thailand are examined. Eighty-nine households from three sites representing three levels of development were analyzed in relation to family and household membership, as well as economic and employment status. In addition, 32 elders from two old age homes were interviewed.

Volleyball and other analogies: a response to Englert.

Englert and her colleagues have contributed much to our knowledge about effective writing instruction. They have demonstrated that interventions that make explicit the writing process and text structures are successful with students with learning disabilities as well as those without. Englert attributes this success to the holistic, social, and interactive nature of the instruction.

A national profile of school-based transition programs for deaf adolescents.

In this study, the transition programs of 326 secondary educational programs for deaf and severely hearing-impaired adolescents were surveyed. Three types of programs were surveyed: residential, mainstream, and "other" (a combination of the first two programs). Sixty-four items depicting desirable transition characteristics were included in the survey, and each item was rated by the programs on a value scale and an implementation scale.

Validation of the parenting style survey for parents of children with mental retardation.

A validation study was performed in order to assess the content, construct, and criterion-related validities of the Parenting Style Survey, an instrument assessing parental behavior in families with a child who has mental retardation. Subjects were the primary careproviders of 29 individuals with moderate mental retardation. Data corroborating the validity of the Parenting Style Survey were derived from home visits, individuals experienced in developmental psychology, careproviders for individuals with mental retardation, and the Family Environment Scale (Moos, 1974).

Potential outcomes of clinical experience.

This exploratory study examined potential outcomes of clinical experience. Sixteen baccalaureate nursing students completed data collection instruments. The eight students in the control group completed the clinical course as prescribed in the curriculum; the eight students in the experimental group received no assigned clinical experience.

Barriers in school-to-community transition.

Effective planning to resolve the school-to-community transition problems of hearing-impaired youth begins with an understanding of what the specific problems are. To identify obstacles to successful transition, survey forms were developed for three groups--the deaf, hard-of-hearing, and deaf multihandicapped--and distributed in the Pacific Northwest to educators, rehabilitation specialists, parents, and hearing-impaired youth. The respondents to the survey of deaf youth varied in their perceptions of the most significant barriers to successful transition.

Social skills training for young adolescents.

A systematic assertiveness training program was developed for adolescents, based on Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory. The program, which focused on peer interactions and social responsibility, consisted of six 40-minute semi-weekly sessions and was presented to a class of 22 sixth-grade social studies students in a middle school. Cognitive acquisition of the information was measured with multiple-choice tests administered immediately after training and at a 6-month follow-up.

Antibodies to pollen exines.

A polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies have been prepared to purified pollen exines of Calocedrus decurrens Florin. The location of the antigen is in the exine, as shown by light-and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. The greatest reduction in antibody binding follows treatment of the exine with chemicals known to alter sporopollenin.

Estimation of inter-binding-site distances in sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase under occluded and non-occluded conditions.

Distances between binding sites in skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase were estimated by measuring energy transfer between a luminescent lanthanide probe for the calcium sites (Eu3+) and suitable acceptors. A distance measurement between the two calcium binding sites of the enzyme was made with and without MgATP, corresponding to two different states in the hydrolytic cycle. We found that without ATP, the inter-calcium-site distance is about 0.

Within-session meal-size effects on induced drinking.

As a control for the effects of session duration and hunger on the relation between food magnitude and induced drinking, four food-deprived rats were exposed to a variable-time 50-s schedule of food delivery in which the size of each food delivery varied randomly within sessions. Food-related behavior and schedule-induced drinking per opportunity were examined as functions of meal size and postfood time. All rats showed an inverted-U-shaped relation between drinking per opportunity and meal size.

Radiochemical determination of cobalt-60 in environmental samples.

A procedure for the radiochemical determination of (60)Co in low-activity samples of sediment and biological material is described. Cobalt recovery is high and decontamination from tervalent lanthanides and naturally-occurring radionuclides is complete. Cobalt is precipitated with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol, decontaminated from iron by precipitation of the iron as ferric phosphate, extracted into methyl isobutyl ketone, and finally precipitated as cobalt mercury(II) thiocyanate for yield determination and beta-counting.