Interdisciplinary perspectives on accessing specialty evidence-based treatment for Medicaid-insured adolescents with eating disorders.

Background: Family-based treatment (FBT), the leading intervention for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN), is severely understudied in outpatient care settings that serve publicly-insured populations. Many individuals with public insurance are lower-income, racially and ethnically diverse, and experience barriers to accessing evidence-based interventions for eating disorders (EDs).

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten interdisciplinary providers who provide specialty care to youth with EDs in an inpatient and/or outpatient medical setting.

Linkage facilitation for opioid use disorder in criminal legal system contexts: a primer for researchers, clinicians, and legal practitioners.

At the intersection of drug policy, the opioid crisis, and fragmented care systems, persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States are significantly vulnerable to contact with the criminal legal system (CLS). In CLS settings, provision of evidence-based treatment for OUD is variable and often secondary to punitive approaches. Linkage facilitation at every touch point along the CLS Sequential Intercept Model has potential to redirect persons with OUD into recovery-oriented systems of care, increase evidence-based OUD treatment connections, and therefore reduce CLS re-exposure risk.

Prospective Intergenerational Associations between Parents' and Children's Illicit Substance Use During Adolescence.

Objective: Intergenerational studies have identified relations between adolescents' and their future offspring's cannabis and alcohol use, but rarely have examined the association for other illicit drug use. Given the low prevalence of such use in community populations, we pooled data from three prospective intergenerational studies to test this link.

Method: Participants were 1,060 children of 937 parents who had been repeatedly assessed since early adolescence.

Leveraging Parents and Peer Recovery Supports to Increase Recovery Capital in Emerging Adults With Polysubstance Use: Protocol for a Feasibility, Acceptability, and Appropriateness Study of Launch.

Background: Emerging adults (aged 18-26 years) are the most at-risk yet underserved age group among people with substance use disorder, especially rural emerging adults, and polysubstance use is common. Recovery capital is lower among emerging adults than older adults, and evidence-based treatments are typically unavailable or not developmentally tailored, especially in rural areas. Both supportive parents (or parental figures) and peer recovery support services (PRSS) can be leveraged to better support these emerging adults.

Implementation outcomes from a pilot study of training probation officers to deliver contingency management for emerging adults with substance use disorders.

Introduction: Emerging adults (EAs) in the criminal legal system are at high risk for substance use and related negative outcomes. EAs also have low levels of engagement in treatment services, a pattern exacerbated for those living in rural communities. This pilot study investigated implementation outcomes of task-shifting an evidence-based substance use intervention, via a developmentally targeted program, provided by probation officers (POs) to selected EA clients.

Adult Drug Treatment Courts and Community-Level Drug Possession Arrests.

Though the literature largely recognizes adult drug treatment courts (ADCs) as beneficial to participants, with lower rates of recidivism and drug use, the question remains of how ADCs impact communities and how other institutions (e.g., law enforcement) react to their presence.

Bidirectional Associations of Mental Health with Self-Reported Criminal Offending Over Time for At-Risk Early Adult Men in the USA.

Criminal offending and mental health problems often co-occur. This study examined competing models to understand bidirectional associations between crime and mental health problems over time among at-risk men in the U.S.

Juvenile probation officers delivering an intervention for substance use significantly reduces adolescents' risky sexual behaviours.

Background: Risky sexual behaviour (RSB) is a serious public health problem for adolescents. We examined whether a contingency management intervention implemented by juvenile probation officers (JPOs) targeting substance use also impacted RSB.

Methods: A total of 218 adolescents on probation were randomly assigned to contingency management or to probation as usual.

Youth Exposure to Recreational Cannabis Legalization: Moderation of Effects by Sex and Parental Cannabis Use during Adolescence.

Objective: Few studies of recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) have assessed adolescents both before and after RCL or considered moderators of RCL effects. The present study tested whether RCL was more strongly associated with cannabis use for girls and among youth whose parents had a history of cannabis use during adolescence.

Method: Data were pooled from 940 adolescents from three intergenerational studies that began in Washington (where RCL was enacted in 2012), Oregon (RCL year = 2015), and New York (RCL year = 2021).

Examining the measurement precision of behavior problems among a sample of primarily rural youth on juvenile probation and their parents.

Accurate and timely intervention in the justice system is particularly critical in rural communities, given documented barriers to accessible, evidence-based services for youth. As youth in the juvenile justice system have a high prevalence of behavioral health needs, accurate assessment of those needs is a critical first step in linking youth to appropriate care. The goal of the current study is to examine the reliability of a brief assessment (the Brief Problem Checklist [BPC]) among a sample of 222 justice-involved youth and their caregivers who primarily reside in rural communities in the United States.

Linkage facilitation services for opioid use disorder: Taxonomy of facilitation practitioners, goals, and activities.

Introduction: This article proposes a taxonomy of linkage facilitation services used to help persons with opioid use disorder access treatment and recovery resources. Linkage facilitation may be especially valuable for persons receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) given the considerable barriers to treatment access and initiation that have been identified. The science of linkage facilitation currently lacks both consistent communication about linkage facilitation practices and a conceptual framework for guiding research.

Influence of provider openness and leadership behaviors on adherence to motivational interviewing training implementation strategies: Considerations for evidence-based practice delivery.

Background: Adherence to intervention training implementation strategies is at the foundation of fidelity; however, few studies have linked training adherence to trainee attitudes and leadership behaviors to identify what practically matters for the adoption and dissemination of evidence-based practices. Through the conduct of this hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized controlled trial, we collected Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) data and merged it with tailored motivational interviewing training adherence data, to elucidate the relationship between provider attitudes toward evidence-based practices, leadership behaviors, and training implementation strategy (e.g.

The Co-Occurrence of Conduct Problems and Depressive Symptoms From Childhood to Adulthood for Men: Stability Over Time and Prediction to Substance Use.

The dual pathway hypothesis of risk for substance use was tested by examining risk from symptoms of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in adolescence (from ages 10-11 to 17-18 years) to substance use-including tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drugs-in both early adulthood (approximately from ages 20 to 29 years) and middle adulthood (approximately from ages 29 to 38 years). Hypotheses were tested on a sample of boys who were at risk for conduct problems by virtue of the neighborhoods where they lived in childhood (the Oregon Youth Study; N = 206 at Wave 1). Dual-trajectory modeling (Latent Class Analysis) resulted in a 3-group solution of high, moderate, and low co-occurring symptoms.

Perspectives of researchers with lived experience in implementation science research: Opportunities to close the research-to-practice gap in substance use systems of care.

Background: The field of implementation science acknowledges the importance of diversity within research teams including members from diverse disciplines and with lived expertise in practical implementation (e.g., administrators, front-line workers, patients/clients).

Adapting the stages of implementation completion to an evidence-based implementation strategy: The development of the NIATx stages of implementation completion.

Background: Dissemination and implementation frameworks provide the scaffolding to explore the effectiveness of evidence-based practices (EBPs) targeting process of care and organizational outcomes. Few instruments, like the stages of implementation completion (SIC) examine implementation fidelity to EBP adoption and how organizations differ in their approach to implementation. Instruments to measure organizational competency in the utilization of implementation strategies are lacking.

Mechanisms of Successful Implementation of Tailored Motivational Interviewing in a Multisite Study of Youth HIV Clinics in the United States.

Background: A recent implementation science stepped-wedge trial of motivational interviewing (MI) in adolescent HIV clinics indicated variable degrees of implementation success. The present mixed-methods study analyzed trajectories of postimplementation MI competence scores and compared postimplementation qualitative interviews among the clinics with the highest levels of provider competency and the lowest levels of competency to further understand mechanisms of successful implementation.

Setting: Ten HIV clinics in the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions.

Regression-Equivalent Effect Sizes for Latent Growth Modeling and Associated Null Hypothesis Significance Tests.

The effect of an independent variable on random slopes in growth modeling with latent variables is conventionally used to examine predictors of change over the course of a study. This tutorial demonstrates that the same effect of a covariate on growth can be obtained by using final status centering for parameterization and regressing the random intercepts (or the intercept factor scores) on both the independent variable and a baseline covariate--the framework used to study change with classical regression analysis. Examples are provided that illustrate the application of an intercept-focused approach to obtain effect sizes--the unstandardized regression coefficient, the standardized regression coefficient, squared semi-partial correlation, and Cohen's --that estimate the same parameters as respective effect sizes from a classical regression analysis.

Prevention and Intervention with Young People as a Critical Public Health Strategy to Curtail the Opioid Epidemic: A Call to Action.

Opioid use continues to represent a significant public health problem in the United States, as well as globally. The opioid epidemic has motivated advances in the effective treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), with a particular focus on medications for OUD (MOUD), including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Although these medications are remarkably effective, MOUD expansion initiatives alone have not been sufficient to combat the opioid epidemic.

The relative value of Pre-Implementation stages for successful implementation of evidence-informed programs.

Background: Most implementations fail before the corresponding services are ever delivered. Measuring implementation process fidelity may reveal when and why these attempts fail. This knowledge is necessary to support the achievement of positive implementation milestones, such as delivering services to clients (program start-up) and competency in treatment delivery.

Assessment of Adoption and Early Implementation Barriers and Facilitators of the Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) Model.

Objective: Although the use of interventions for screening for social determinants of health of families in pediatric primary care clinics has increased in the past decade, research on the barriers and facilitators of implementing such interventions has been limited. We explored barriers, facilitators, and the mechanisms clarifying their roles in the adoption and implementation of the Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) model, an approach for strengthening families, promoting children's health and development, and preventing child maltreatment.

Methods: A total of 28 semistructured interviews were completed with 9 practice champions, 11 primary care professionals, 5 behavioral health professionals, and 3 nursing/administrative staff representing 12 pediatric primary care practices participating in a larger randomized control trial of implementing SEEK.

Five-year fidelity assessment of an evidence-based parenting program (GenerationPMTO): inter-rater reliability following international implementation.

Background: Implementing evidence-based programs in community service settings introduces the challenge of ensuring sustained fidelity to the original program. We employ a fidelity measure based on direct observation of practitioners' competence and adherence to the evidence-based parenting program (EBPP) GenerationPMTO following installation in national and international sites. Fidelity monitoring is crucial, especially when the program purveyor transfers administration of the program to the community as was done in this case.