A Novel Inpatient Buprenorphine Induction Program for Adolescents With Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: Morbidity and mortality from nonprescribed opioid use and opioid use disorder (OUD) in adolescents have risen dramatically. Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with buprenorphine reduces nonprescribed opioid use and prevents overdoses, though <5% of adolescents with OUD have timely access, partly because of barriers associated with buprenorphine induction. Induction in an inpatient pediatric setting has the potential to address such barriers and improve adolescent MOUD access.

Feasibility of an Antiracism Curriculum in an Academic Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division.

Background: Structural health inequities and racism adversely affect patient health and the culture of academic medicine. Formal training to educate fellows and faculty on antiracism is lacking.

Objective: Our objective was to design, implement, and assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a year-long antiracism curriculum within a pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine division.

Enhancing grant-writing expertise in BUILD institutions: Building infrastructure leading to diversity.

Background: The lack of race/ethnic and gender diversity in grants funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a persistent challenge related to career advancement and the quality and relevance of health research. We describe pilot programs at nine institutions supported by the NIH-sponsored Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) program aimed at increasing diversity in biomedical research.

Methods: We collected data from the 2016-2017 Higher Education Research Institute survey of faculty and NIH progress reports for the first four years of the program (2015-2018).

Food security and feeding behaviours in low-income, Latinx families with preschool-aged children.

Objective: To examine the association between food security and feeding practices in Latinx parents of pre-school-aged children and examine possible effect modification by parental self-efficacy.

Design: Cross-sectional assessment using the US Department of Agriculture screener for food insecurity as the exposure and sub-scales of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire as the outcome with the General Self-Efficacy Scale as an effect modifier. Non-parametric descriptive statistics were used to compare groups based on food security status.

Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Paid Family and Medical Leave: United States, 2011 and 2017-2018.

To examine racial and ethnic inequities in paid family and medical leave (PFML) access and the extent to which these inequities are mediated by employment characteristics. We used data from the 2011 and 2017-2018 American Time Use Survey in the United States to describe paid leave access by race/ethnicity. We present unadjusted models, models stratified by policy-targetable employment characteristics, and adjusted regression models.

"OPTIONS-DC", a feasible discharge planning conference to expand infection treatment options for people with substance use disorder.

Background: Serious bacterial infections associated with substance use often result in long hospitalizations, premature discharges, and high costs. Out-of-hospital treatment options in people with substance use disorder (SUD) are often limited.

Methods: We describe a novel multidisciplinary and interprofessional care conference, "OPTIONS-DC," to identify treatment options agreeable to both patients and providers using the frameworks of harm reduction and patient-centered care.

Genetic and pharmacological relationship between P-glycoprotein and increased cardiovascular risk associated with clarithromycin prescription: An epidemiological and genomic population-based cohort study in Scotland, UK.

Background: There are conflicting reports regarding the association of the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin with cardiovascular (CV) events. A possible explanation may be that this risk is partly mediated through drug-drug interactions and only evident in at-risk populations. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined whether this association might be mediated via P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a major pathway for clarithromycin metabolism.

Frequency and Determinant Factors for Calcification in Neurocysticercosis.

Background: Neurocysticercosis is a major cause of acquired epilepsy. Larval cysts in the human brain eventually resolve and either disappear or leave a calcification that is associated with seizures. In this study, we assessed the proportion of calcification in parenchymal neurocysticercosis and risk factors associated with calcification.

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture to prevent emergence delirium in children undergoing myringotomy tube placement.

Background: Myringotomy tube placement is a pediatric procedure frequently performed under inhalational anesthesia without intravenous line placement. Emergence delirium is common following sevoflurane anesthesia, and can lead to patient harm and escalation of nursing care. Our goal was to determine if intraoperative acupuncture, compared to standard of care, reduces emergence delirium in children undergoing myringotomy tube placement.

New research directions on disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes disproportionately impact U.S. racial and ethnic minority communities and low-income populations.

Education Program Regarding Labor Epidurals Increases Utilization by Hispanic Medicaid Beneficiaries: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Hispanic women choose epidural labor analgesia less commonly than non-Hispanic women. This may represent a healthcare disparity related to a language barrier and inadequate opportunities for labor analgesia education. It was hypothesized that a language-concordant, educational program regarding labor epidurals would improve epidural utilization in two independent cohorts of Hispanic and non-Hispanic women.

Growing Healthy Together: protocol for a randomized clinical trial using parent mentors for early childhood obesity intervention in a Latino community.

Background: Latino children in the US experience high rates of obesity, increasing their risk of subsequent diabetes. There are few clinical trials among low-income, Latino families to test interventions that account for and address their unique situation.

Methods/design: This trial, conducted in a Head Start (early childhood education) setting, randomly assigns children 2-5 years of age who have obesity by CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) guidelines (at least 95th percentile body mass index) and their parents to one of three conditions: (1) control, (2) parent mentor with an experimental curriculum, or (3) parent mentor with a standard curriculum (active control).

Electromagnetic Interference with Protocolized Electrosurgery Dispersive Electrode Positioning in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators.

What We Already Know About This Topic: Electromagnetic interference from monopolar electrosurgery may disrupt implantable cardioverter defibrillators.Current management recommendations by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and Heart Rhythm Society are based on expert clinical opinion since there is a paucity of data regarding the risk of electromagnetic interference to implantable cardioverter defibrillators during surgery.

What This Article Tells Us That Is New: With protocolized electrosurgery dispersive electrode positioning in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, the risk of clinically meaningful electromagnetic interference was 7% in above-the-umbilicus noncardiac surgery and 0% in below-the-umbilicus surgery.

Clustering of Necropsy-Confirmed Porcine Cysticercosis Surrounding Tapeworm Carriers in Peru.

The pork tapeworm, , is among the leading causes of preventable epilepsy in the world and is common in rural areas of developing countries where sanitation is limited and pigs have access to human feces. Prior studies in rural villages of Peru have observed clusters of cysticercosis among pigs that live near human tapeworm carriers. Such spatial analyses, however, have been limited by incomplete participation and substandard diagnostic tests.

Reliability and Usability of a 7-Minute Chart Review Tool to Identify Pediatric Prehospital Adverse Safety Events.

Background And Objectives: Although medical errors in the hospital are a recognized source of morbidity and mortality, less is known about safety events in the prehospital care of children. As part of a multiphase study, we developed and evaluated the reliability and usability of the pediatric prehospital safety event detection system (PEDS), a tool used to identify safety events in prehospital care.

Methods: The tool was based on hospital chart review tools, literature review, and results from focus groups and a national Delphi survey.

Social network correlates of IPV acceptance in rural Honduras and rural Uganda.

We investigated the household-level social network correlates of acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) in rural, agrarian settings of Honduras and Uganda, two low-income countries with unequal access to resources based upon gender. We collected complete social network data in each location (Honduras in 2014 and Uganda in 2012), across a diverse range of relationships, and then created a measure of household cohesion by calculating the degree to which members of a household nominated each other as important social connections. Our measure of IPV acceptance was based on 4 questions from the Demographic Health Survey to assess the conditions under which a person believes that it is acceptable for a man to perpetrate physical violence against his wife or partner and we coded a person as positive on IPV acceptance if they answered positively to any of the four questions.

Feasibility of Using a Community-Supported Agriculture Program to Increase Access to and Intake of Vegetables among Federally Qualified Health Center Patients.

Objective: This study explored the feasibility of using a 23-week subsidized community-supported agriculture program to increase access to and intake of vegetables among Federally Qualified Health Center patients.

Methods: Outcomes were measured using pre-post intervention surveys (n = 9). Process data were collected in post-intervention surveys and focus groups (n = 15).

Prevalence, Age Profile, and Associated Risk Factors for Infection in a Large Population-Based Study in Northern Peru.

, the dwarf tapeworm, is a common intestinal infection of children worldwide. We evaluated infection and risk factor data that were previously collected from 14,761 children aged 2-15 years during a large-scale program in northern Peru. We found that 1,124 of 14,761 children (7.

Effect of Ovarian Hormone Therapy on Cognition in the Aged Female Rhesus Macaque.

Unlabelled: Studies of the effect of hormone therapy on cognitive function in menopausal women have been equivocal, in part due to differences in the type and timing of hormone treatment. Here we cognitively tested aged female rhesus macaques on (1) the delayed response task of spatial working memory, (2) a visuospatial attention task that measured spatially and temporally cued reaction times, and (3) a simple reaction time task as a control for motor speed. After task acquisition, animals were ovariectomized (OVX).

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of methylphenidate for the treatment of depression in SSRI-treated cancer patients receiving palliative care.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of methylphenidate for depression treatment in patients with advanced cancer.

Design: An 18-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of methylphenidate for treatment of depression in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-treated patients with advanced cancer in hospice or receiving palliative care. The primary outcome was depression remission, defined as a ≥50% reduction in score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale.