Annotation of RxLR Effectors in Oomycete Genomes.

Pathogens have evolved effector proteins to suppress host immunity and facilitate plant infections. RxLR effectors are small, secreted effector proteins with conserved RxLR and dEER amino acid motifs at the N terminus and highly variable C termini and are commonly found in oomycete species. We provide computational approaches to annotate RxLR candidate effector genes in a genome assembly in FASTA format with an available GFF file.

Can we predict the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing's syndrome: a nationwide cohort analysis.

Purpose: Patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) have an increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk with most studies focusing on the perioperative period. The purpose of this study was to assess the 5-year VTE risk and identify predictors of VTE at CS diagnosis.

Methods: A comparative nationwide retrospective cohort study of 609 patients (mean age 48.

Disorders of Volume: Core Curriculum 2025.

Historically, the paradigm for all maladies was associated with an imbalance of the 4 humors: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. Although our understanding of disease has evolved significantly since the time of Hippocrates, a similar cornerstone of inpatient and ambulatory care involves understanding and correcting imbalances of volume. The kidneys are the principal organs controlling extracellular volume, capable of both sensing and altering salt retention through multiple redundant pathways, including the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Enhanced Sampling with Suboptimal Collective Variables: Reconciling Accuracy and Convergence Speed.

We introduce an enhanced sampling algorithm to obtain converged free energy landscapes of molecular rare events, even when the collective variable (CV) used for biasing is not optimal. Our approach samples a time-dependent target distribution by combining the on-the-fly probability enhanced sampling and its exploratory variant, OPES Explore. This promotes more transitions between the relevant metastable states and accelerates the convergence speed of the free energy estimate.

Impaired renal transporter gene expression and uremic toxin excretion as aging hallmarks in cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease.

Aging leads to nephron senescence and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In cats, indoxyl sulfate (IxS) has been previously quantified and associated with CKD, and little is known about tubular transporters. Two cohorts of cats aged 6 to 21 years were enrolled.

Early Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Transverse Myelitis: A Case Report and Scoping Review.

Background/objectives: Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare, acute inflammatory disorder affecting the spinal cord, with severe potential consequences, particularly in pediatric patients. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has emerged as a possible intervention for children unresponsive to high-dose corticosteroids. This study explores the efficacy of early TPE in pediatric TM through a case report and scoping review aiming to clarify the therapeutic benefits of TPE when used in conjunction with corticosteroids in children.

Volumetric Humeral Canal Fill Ratio Effects Primary Stability and Cortical Bone Loading in Short and Standard Stem Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical and Computational Study.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of three-dimensional (3D) volumetric humeral canal fill ratios (VFR) of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) short and standard stems on biomechanical stability and bone deformations in the proximal humerus.

Methods: Forty cadaveric shoulder specimens were analyzed in a clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner allowing for segmentation of the humeral canal to calculate volumetric measures which were verified postoperatively with plain radiographs. Virtual implant positioning allowed for group assignment (VFR < 0.

Emotional Intelligence May Be Associated with Some Forms of Creative Potential.

The current study examined the relationship between creative potential, estimated with tests of divergent thinking (DT), and emotional intelligence (EI). Previous research has hinted at a relationship, but the EI-DT relationship may differ as a function of the tasks and the specific components of EI. With this in mind, the present investigation compared two DT tests (Social Games vs.

High-quality draft genomes of ecologically and geographically diverse species.

is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi with ecological, ethnomycological, and clinical importance due to psilocybin production by most species. We present five genomes that enable deeper discovery and analysis of the psilocybin gene cluster and increase taxonomic resolution within : , nom. prov.

Functional Septorhinoplasty in Unilateral and Bilateral Nasal Obstruction: A Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Purpose: Functional septorhinoplasty is an effective treatment for nasal airway obstruction. Little distinction exists between bilaterally and unilaterally obstructed patients in literature. Our study evaluates outcomes in patients with unilateral nasal airway obstruction compared to those with bilateral nasal airway obstruction as measured by nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scores following functional septorhinoplasty.

Inflammatory Markers and Measures of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and inflammation predict more severe outcomes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the link between CAN and inflammation in T1D remains unclear. We examined associations between CAN measures and inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with T1D.

Navigating the Institutional Review Board and other institutional entities: An ode to aspiring YPAR scholars.

Youth-led participatory action research (YPAR) engages young people as partners in rigorous research inquiry to guide and inform collective action. Scholars interested in YPAR have notable investment in social justice and activist values, which at times come in direct tensions within their doctoral training and/or professional roles within academia. One monumental hurdle in conducting YPAR is obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB).

The serotonergic psychedelic DOI impairs deviance detection in the auditory cortex.

Psychedelics are known to induce profound perceptual distortions, yet the neural mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly within the auditory system, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of the psychedelic compound 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), a serotonin 2A receptor agonist, on the activity of neurons in the auditory cortex of awake mice. We examined whether DOI administration alters sound-frequency tuning, variability in neural responses, and deviance detection (a neural process reflecting the balance between top-down and bottom-up processing).

How Might We Tell if Advances in Diabetes Care and Technology are Helping People to Feel Less Constrained? Introducing the Diabetes Constraints Scale.

Background: Recent advances in diabetes care and technology, such as real-time continuous glucose monitoring, can help people live more freely, with more flexibility and fewer constraints, thereby enhancing quality of life (QOL). To date, there has been no validated means for measuring this key psychological dimension. We developed the Diabetes Constraints Scale (DCS) to assess perceived constraints pertaining to diabetes self-management.

Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is unequally distributed across space and time, with inputs to terrestrial ecosystems impacted by industry regulations and variations in human activity. Soil carbon (C) content normally controls the fraction of mineralized N that is nitrified (ƒ), affecting N bioavailability for plants and microbes. However, it is unknown whether N deposition has modified the relationships among soil C, net N mineralization, and net nitrification.

Perceptions of Medically Complex Patients Enrolled in an Ambulatory Intensive Care Unit at a Healthcare-for-the-Homeless Clinic.

Background: There is great interest in intensive primary care interventions to address high utilization among medically and socially complex patients. How patients experience these interventions has received less attention.

Objective: To better understand patients' experience of intensive primary care, we interviewed patients receiving care from the Streamlined Unified Meaningfully Managed Interdisciplinary Team (SUMMIT), an ambulatory intensive care intervention at an urban federally qualified health center.

Individual-, Hospital-, And Community-Level Factors Associated With Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Among Infants Born Preterm in 5 US States.

Objective: To investigate individual-, hospital-, and community-level factors associated with sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) among infants born preterm.

Study Design: The following linked dataset from 5 states (California, Michigan, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina) from 2005 through 2020 was used: 1) infant birth and death certificates; 2) maternal and infant birth hospitalization discharge records; 3) birthing hospital data from the American Hospital Association; and 4) community-level data from the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI).) Multivariable models were used to assess the independent association between these multi-level factors and SUID, adjusting for several maternal and infant characteristics.

Accuracy and precision of 3 multidose vial tracking methods to inform controlled drug tracking in practice.

Objective: To evaluate the precision and accuracy of 3 common methods (method 1, actual draws of the volume remaining; method 2, weight tracking of the volume remaining and/or the volume removed; and method 3, discrepancy percentage at the end of each vial) for monitoring volumes in vials of injectable controlled drugs.

Methods: For methods 1 and 2, doses were drawn from a vial containing a known amount of sterile water. For method 1, after each dose was removed, the remaining quantity of liquid was withdrawn, measured, and reinjected into the vial.