Association Between Nail Type and Aseptic Revision Risk After Cephalomedullary Nailing for Hip Fracture.

Background: Although the majority of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the United States are now treated with cephalomedullary nailing, it remains uncertain whether differences in clinical performance by nail type exist. The purpose of this study was to compare the aseptic revision rates associated with the 3 most commonly utilized cephalomedullary nails in the United States today: the Gamma nail (Stryker), the INTERTAN (Smith+Nephew), and the Trochanteric Fixation Nail/Trochanteric Fixation Nail Advanced (TFN/TFNA; DePuy Synthes).

Methods: Using an integrated health-care system's hip fracture registry, patients ≥60 years of age who were treated with 1 of these 3 commonly used cephalomedullary nail devices were identified.

Ecosystem Drivers of Freshwater Mercury Bioaccumulation Are Context-Dependent: Insights from Continental-Scale Modeling.

Significant variation in mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation is observed across the diversity of freshwater ecosystems in North America. While there is support for the major drivers of Hg bioaccumulation, the relative influence of different external factors can vary widely among waterbodies, which makes predicting Hg risk across large spatial scales particularly challenging. We modeled Hg bioaccumulation by coupling Hg concentrations in more than 21,000 dragonflies collected across the United States from 2008 to 2021 with a suite of chemical (e.

Improving UTI Diagnostics in Oncology: Reliability of Reflex Urine Culture in Immunosuppressed Neutropenic and Non-neutropenic Cancer Patients.

Background: Urinary tract infections are prone to overdiagnosis, and reflex urine culture protocols offer a valuable opportunity for diagnostic stewardship in this arena. However, there is no recommended standard testing approach. Cancer patients are often excluded from reflex urine culture protocols, especially if severely immunosuppressed or neutropenic.

Unilateral Versus Bilateral Endoscopic Resection of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Pooled Analysis From Prospective and Retrospective Multicenter Data.

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare sinonasal malignancy primarily treated with surgery. For tumors arising from the olfactory area, traditional treatment involves transcribriform resection of the anterior cranial fossa. Surgery can be performed with unilateral or bilateral resection depending on extent of involvement; however, there are currently no studies comparing outcomes between the two.

Background and design of the Physical Frailty and Symptom Monitoring and Management Behaviors in Heart Failure (PRISM-HF) study: A mixed methods study.

Background: Many adults with heart failure (HF) are physically frail and have worse outcomes. While the biological profile of physical frailty in HF has been examined, the behavioral profile remains unstudied. Physical frailty may impact self-care behaviors, particularly symptom monitoring and management (SMM), which in turn results in adverse outcomes.

Visual Acuity, Full-field Stimulus Thresholds, and Electroretinography for 4 Years in The Rate of Progression of USH2A-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) Study.

Purpose: To describe progression of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), full-field stimulus thresholds (FST), and electroretinography (ERG) over 4 years in the -related Retinal Degeneration study and to assess their suitability as clinical trial endpoints.

Design: Prospective natural history study.

Participants: Participants (n = 105) with biallelic disease-causing sequence variants in USH2A and BCVA letter scores of ≥54 were included.

Automated Detection of Filamentous Fungal Keratitis on Whole Slide Images of Potassium Hydroxide Smears with Multiple Instance Learning.

Purpose: The diagnosis of fungal keratitis using potassium hydroxide (KOH) smears of corneal scrapings enables initiation of the correct antimicrobial therapy at the point-of-care but requires time-consuming manual examination and expertise. This study evaluates the efficacy of a deep learning framework, dual stream multiple instance learning (DSMIL), in automating the analysis of whole slide imaging (WSI) of KOH smears for rapid and accurate detection of fungal infections.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

A Comparative Review of the Terms Epipharyngitis and Nasopharyngitis in Medical Literature.

This review explores the usage of the term "epipharyngitis" in medical literature, particularly in non-English-speaking contexts. The term, although rarely used in contemporary English-language medical literature, may lead to confusion due to its overlap with more commonly used terms like "nasopharyngitis." This review aims to trace the origins of the term, analyze its usage across different languages, and discuss the implications of term differences in clinical practice and medical education.

A unique case report on campylobacter rectus infection leading to acute motor axonal neuropathy in a pediatric patient.

A unique case report on campylobacter rectus infection leading to acute motor axonal neuropathy in a pediatric patient. Campylobacter rectus is an anaerobic bacterium found in the oral cavity. While it has been linked to periodontal disease, its association with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), a variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, remains unverified.

Onsite Primary Care to Address Medical Needs Among Permanent Supportive Housing Tenants: A Feasibility Demonstration Project.

Background: There is limited evidence on interventions to address the health needs of vulnerable patients in permanent supportive housing (PSH).

Aim, Setting, Participants: Evaluate the feasibility of Project HOPE, a weekly onsite primary care pilot intervention for tenants of a single-site PSH program.

Program Description: Physicians, nursing, and pharmacy providers work with existing case managers to provide onsite routine and acute care, outreach, and care coordination.

Failed stopping transiently suppresses the electromyogram in task-irrelevant muscles.

Selectively stopping individual parts of planned or ongoing movements is an everyday motor skill. For example, while walking in public you may stop yourself from waving at a stranger who you mistook for a friend while continuing to walk. Despite its ubiquity, our ability to selectively stop actions is limited.

Barriers to Nursing School Admissions for Students With Physical or Sensory Disabilities: Do Essential Abilities Requirements Align With Licensure Standards and Legal Precedence?

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine sensory and motor essential abilities required by nursing boards and assess their inclusion in prelicensure nursing program admissions.

Background: The nursing workforce should mirror diverse patient populations for better concordance; however, essential abilities restrictions hinder admissions for students with disabilities.

Method: Requirements for licensure were collected from state boards of nursing and compared with essential abilities admissions requirements from 58 prelicensure programs.

Validation of Clinical Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Perfusion Modeling and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response Prediction in Breast Cancer Using FDG and Cu-DOTA-Trastuzumab Positron Emission Tomography Studies.

Purpose: Perfusion modeling presents significant opportunities for imaging biomarker development in breast cancer but has historically been held back by the need for data beyond the clinical standard of care (SoC) and uncertainty in the interpretability of results. We aimed to design a perfusion model applicable to breast cancer SoC dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) series with results stable to low temporal resolution imaging, comparable with published results using full-resolution DCE-MRI, and correlative with orthogonal imaging modalities indicative of biophysical markers.

Methods: Subsampled high-temporal-resolution DCE-MRI series were run through our perfusion model and resulting fits were compared for consistency.

Estimating realized relatedness in free-ranging macaques by inferring identity-by-descent segments.

Biological relatedness is a key consideration in studies of behavior, population structure, and trait evolution. Except for parent-offspring dyads, pedigrees capture relatedness imperfectly. The number and length of identical-by-descent DNA segments (IBD) yield the most precise relatedness estimates.

Glyphosate exposure and GM seed rollout unequally reduced perinatal health.

The advent of herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops spurred rapid and widespread use of the herbicide glyphosate throughout US agriculture. In the two decades following GM-seeds' introduction, the volume of glyphosate applied in the United States increased by more than 750%. Despite this breadth and scale, science and policy remain unresolved regarding the effects of glyphosate on human health.

CBTI implementation outcomes: one-year follow up.

Insomnia is a common and debilitating disorder that is often undiagnosed and untreated. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is the first-line treatment for insomnia, though the lack of trained providers is a major barrier to accessibility. To address this issue, an online provider training platform, CBTI, was launched in April 2020.

Highly multiplexed imaging reveals prognostic immune and stromal spatial biomarkers in breast cancer.

Spatial profiling of tissues promises to elucidate tumor-microenvironment interactions and generate prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We analyzed single-cell, spatial data from three multiplex imaging technologies: cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF) data we generated from 102 breast cancer patients with clinical follow-up, and publicly available imaging mass cytometry and multiplex ion-beam imaging datasets. Similar single-cell phenotyping results across imaging platforms enabled combined analysis of epithelial phenotypes to delineate prognostic subtypes among estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) patients.

Unusual Iron-Independent Ferroptosis-like Cell Death Induced by Photoactivation of a Typical Iridium Complex for Hypoxia Photodynamic Therapy.

Ferroptosis is a unique cell death mode that relies on iron and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and is extensively utilized to treat drug-resistant tumor. However, like the other antitumor model, requirement of oxygen limited its application in treating the malignant tumors in anaerobic environments, just as photodynamic therapy, a very promising anticancer therapy. Here, we show that an iridium(III) complex (Ir-dF), which was often used in proton-coupled electron transport (PCET) process, can induce efficient cell death upon photo irradiation, which can be effectively protected by the typical ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 but not by the classic iron chelating agents and ROS scavengers.

The CD74 inhibitor DRhQ improves short-term memory and mitochondrial function in 5xFAD mouse model of Aβ accumulation.

Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Evidence suggests that the inflammatory axis mediated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) binding to its receptor, CD74, plays an important role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as AD. Our group has developed DRhQ, a novel CD74 binding construct which competitively inhibits MIF binding, blocks macrophage activation and migration into the CNS, enhances anti-inflammatory microglia cell numbers and reduces pro-inflammatory gene expression.

Optimizing automated photo identification for population assessments.

Several legal acts mandate that management agencies regularly assess biological populations. For species with distinct markings, these assessments can be conducted noninvasively via capture-recapture and photographic identification (photo-ID), which involves processing considerable quantities of photographic data. To ease this burden, agencies increasingly rely on automated identification (ID) algorithms.

AxonFinder: Automated segmentation of tumor innervating neuronal fibers.

Neurosignaling is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in cancer progression, where neuronal innervation of primary tumors contributes to the disease's advancement. This study focuses on segmenting individual axons within the prostate tumor microenvironment, which have been challenging to detect and analyze due to their irregular morphologies. We present a novel deep learning-based approach for the automated segmentation of axons, AxonFinder, leveraging a U-Net model with a ResNet-101 encoder, based on a multiplexed imaging approach.

Physiological and Psychological Differences Between 20% Grade Incline Walking and Level-Grade Jogging at Isocaloric Intensity.

High-incline walking is a relatively new trend with little comparative information. This study compared physiological and psychological differences between high-incline walking at 20% grade (HIW) and level-grade jogging (LGJ) at isocaloric intensities in young adults. Twenty-two participants (M = 11, F = 11) aged 19-31 years completed the study.

Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Dementia Onset among Middle-aged and Older Adults: Differences by Race/Ethnicity.

Background: Racial/ethnic minoritized groups in the U.S. have higher prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and experience higher risk of dementia.

Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake.

Nutritional epidemiology aims to link dietary exposures to chronic disease, but the instruments for evaluating dietary intake are inaccurate. One way to identify unreliable data and the sources of errors is to compare estimated intakes with the total energy expenditure (TEE). In this study, we used the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database to derive a predictive equation for TEE using 6,497 measures of TEE in individuals aged 4 to 96 years.