Disparities in infertility workup costs across the United States.

Objective: To investigate cost disparities of infertility diagnostic tests across the United States.

Design: Cross-sectional study analyzing costs for recommended infertility diagnostic tests, including hormone tests (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone), semen analysis, transvaginal ultrasound, and hysterosalpingogram. Data were sourced from consumer cost claims repositories for five most populous cities per state, categorized into four regions (Midwest, South, West, and Northeast) as per US Census Bureau classifications.

Patterns of paternity: insights into mating competition and gene flow in a recovering population of humpback whales.

Variation in reproductive success is a fundamental prerequisite for sexual selection to act upon a trait. Assessing such variation is crucial in understanding a species' mating system and offers insights into population growth. Parentage analyses in cetaceans are rare, and the underlying forces of sexual selection acting on their mating behaviours remain poorly understood.

Introduction to androgenetics: terminology, approaches, and impactful studies across 60 years.

Across six decades, androgenetics has consistently concentrated on discovering genetic causes and enhancing the molecular diagnostics of male infertility, disorders of sex development, and their broader implications on health, such as cancer and other comorbidities. Despite vast clinical knowledge, the training of andrologists often lacks fundamental basics in medical genetics. This work, as part of the Special Issue of Andrology "Genetics in Andrology", provides the core terminology in medical genetics and technological advancements in genomics, required to understand the ever-progressing research in the field.

Targeting Synthesis of Diatomic Catalysts by Selective Etching and Sequential Adsorption of Metal Atom.

Diatomic catalysts featuring a tunable structure and synergetic effects hold great promise for various reactions. However, their precise construction with specific configurations and diverse metal combinations is still challenging. Here, a selective etching and metal ion adsorption strategy is proposed to accurately assign a second metal atom (M) geminal to the single atom site (M-N) for constructing diatomic sites (e.

Application of core functions and forms in complex health intervention research: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The ability of healthcare, community and public health systems to effectively implement and disseminate research innovations depends on contextual factors at multiple interconnected levels of influence (eg, the innovation, individual, provider/implementor, organisation and health system). Recently, there has been an increase in the development of complex interventions designed to target multiple levels, designed for or adapted to the context in which they are delivered. Two concepts from complex systems thinking have been increasingly used to operationalise such interventions-core functions (theory and evidence-driven purposes of interventions) and forms (adaptable activities that perform each core function).

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing.

Objectives: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) are emerging technologies that can be used to help define complex immunophenotypes in tissue, quantify immune cell subsets, and assess the spatial arrangement of marker expression. mIHC/IF assays require concerted efforts to optimize and validate the multiplex staining protocols prior to their application on slides. The best practice guidelines for staining and validation of mIHC/IF assays across platforms were previously published by this task force.

Control of rotavirus by sequential stress of disinfectants and gamma irradiation in leafy vegetable industry.

Rotavirus (RV) causes severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Fresh produce has been reported as a source of RV infection during production and harvesting, leading to foodborne illness. Cases of contamination from contact surfaces have also been reported.

A Short-Term Murine Toxicity Study of 4'-Phosphopantetheine, a Rational Therapeutic for the Dietary Management of Inborn Errors of Coenzyme A Metabolism.

Vitamin B, or pantothenate, forms the molecular "backbone" of coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for more than a hundred biochemical reactions in humans. Genetic defects that disrupt the CoA pathway cause severe degenerative disorders that may be amenable to treatment with compounds that can bypass the metabolic block. The pantothenate metabolite, 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'PPT), can serve as an alternative substrate for cellular CoA synthesis and may therefore be an essential nutrient in managing disorders where pantothenate cannot meet all metabolic requirements.

Biodiversity spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages is influenced by anthropogenic disturbances at multiple spatial extents.

Understanding the patterns and mechanisms of biodiversity and its organization in space is essential for developing effective conservation strategies. Zeta diversity is an index of how taxa are shared by several sites, providing information on how ecological filters, including anthropogenic disturbances, influence biodiversity distribution. This study documents how anthropogenic disturbances at multiple spatial extents affect the spatial variation of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in lotic ecosystems.

The impacts of alien species on river bioassessment.

The extent of alien taxa impacts on river ecosystem health is unclear, but their frequency continues to rise. We investigated 1) the prevalence of including alien taxa in common bioindicators used in river bioassessment, 2) the effect of alien taxa on the richness and abundance of natives, and 3) whether including alien taxa in bioassessment tools increased their sensitivity to river degradation. In the 17 countries analyzed fish represented the greatest number of alien species (1726), followed by macrophytes (925), macroinvertebrates (556), and diatoms (7).

Introduction to a review series on reflections on a quarter century of TKIs in CML.

No abstract provided.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

A preliminary randomized trial of a brief dissonance-based type 2 diabetes prevention programme for adults with pre-diabetes.

Objective: Conduct a preliminary randomized trial that compared a 6-week type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention programme to an educational video control for adults with pre-diabetes.

Methods: Adults (N = 62) with pre-diabetes were randomized to the group-delivered Project Health T2D or an educational video control, completing measures at pre-test, post-test and 3-month follow-up.

Results: Participants randomized to the intervention versus control condition showed significantly greater reductions in body fat (d = 0.

Recommended Elements of a Musculoskeletal Course for Fourth-Year Medical Students: A Modified Delphi Consensus.

Background And Objectives: A recognized gap exists between primary care physicians' training in musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine and the burden of MSK complaints in primary care. Family medicine interns often lack adequate baseline MSK physical exam skills, which prompted a proposal to introduce a fourth-year preceptorship to reinforce MSK education. The aim of this study was to prioritize the most important elements to include in this new clinical rotation.

Multimodal Measurement of Pubertal Development: Stage, Timing, Tempo, and Hormones.

Using data from the Human Connectome Project in Development (N = 1304; ages 5-21 years; 50% male; 59% White, 17% Hispanic, 13% Black, 9% Asian), multiple measures (self-report, salivary hormones) and research designs (longitudinal, cross-sectional) were used to characterize age-related changes and sex differences in pubertal development. Both sexes exhibit a sigmoid trajectory of pubertal development; females show earlier pubertal timing and increased tempo ~9-13 years, while males show greater tempo ~14-18 years. All hormones increased with age, with sex differences in testosterone and DHEA levels and in testosterone rates of change.

Tapinarof Improved Outcomes and Sleep for Patients and Families in Two Phase 3 Atopic Dermatitis Trials in Adults and Children.

Introduction: Tapinarof is a topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist in development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). In two phase 3 trials (ADORING 1 and 2), tapinarof cream 1% once daily (QD) demonstrated significant efficacy and was well tolerated in patients down to age 2 years with AD. Here, we evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including family impact, with tapinarof in ADORING 1 and 2.

A Review on Imaging in Axial Spondyloarthritis: SPARTAN 2024 Annual Meeting Proceedings.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this publication is to review the role of imaging in axial spondyloarthritis. These findings were presented at the SPARTAN annual meeting in May 2024.

Recent Findings: Imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis and monitoring of axial spondyloarthritis.

Dual ASXL1 and CSF3R mutations drive myeloid biased stem cell expansion and enhance neutrophil differentiation.

Mutations in the epigenetic regulator Additional Sex Combs-Like 1 (ASXL1) are frequently observed in chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). CNL is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) driven by activating mutations in the Colony Stimulating Factor 3 Receptor (CSF3R), which cause excessive neutrophil production. Despite the high rates of co-occurrence, the interplay between ASXL1 and CSF3R mutations in hematopoiesis and leukemia remains poorly understood.

Diminished DNA binding affinity of DMRT1 caused by heterozygous DM domain mutations is a cause of male infertility.

The most severe form of male infertility is idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a complete sperm absence in the ejaculate. We performed exome sequencing in the Croatian infertile brothers with NOA and found a variant in DMRT1 (Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1) gene that was further assessed by the EMSA assay and molecular dynamic simulations. We additionally screened for DMRT1 mutations in 1940 infertile men diagnosed with spermatogenic failure, 644 normozoospermic controls, and 105 females with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) recruited to the GEnetics of Male INfertility Initiative (GEMINI) or Estonian Andrology (ESTAND) cohorts.

Breaking the Bone Marrow Barrier: Peripheral Blood as a Gateway to Measurable Residual Disease Detection in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with high rates of relapse after initial treatment. Identifying measurable residual disease (MRD) following initial therapy is essential to assess response, predict patient outcomes, and identify those in need of additional intervention. Currently, MRD analysis relies on invasive, serial bone marrow (BM) biopsies, which complicate sample availability and processing time and negatively impact patient experience.

Montreal cognitive assessment as a cognitive outcome measure in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: The Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA) is a well-validated global cognitive screening instrument. Its validity in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has not been assessed.

Objectives: To evaluate the MoCA as an outcome measure in PSP clinical trials.

Industry Payments and Branded Glatiramer Acetate Prescribing in the US Medicare Program.

Background And Objectives: Generic formulations of glatiramer acetate have been available since 2015 yet remain underprescribed relative to the branded product. We sought to characterize the association between branded glatiramer prescribing in the Medicare program and financial payments from the manufacturer (Teva Pharmaceuticals).

Methods: Using publicly available Medicare Part D and Open Payments data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, we evaluated overall utilization from 2012 to 2021 and compared the prevalence, frequency, and magnitude of financial payments made in 2019 to neurologists who prescribed branded and generic versions of glatiramer in 2020.

From the ocean to our kitchen table: anthropogenic particles in the edible tissue of U.S. West Coast seafood species.

Microplastics (MPs) and other anthropogenic particles (APs) are pervasive environmental contaminants found throughout marine and aquatic environments. We quantified APs in the edible tissue of black rockfish, lingcod, Chinook salmon, Pacific herring, Pacific lamprey, and pink shrimp, comparing AP burdens across trophic levels and between vessel-retrieved and retail-purchased individuals. Edible tissue was digested and analyzed under a microscope, and a subset of suspected APs was identified using spectroscopy (μFTIR).